Major reasons for increased use of foam: - magnitude and frequency of _______ materials needing foam for mitigation - newer foam concentrates easily used by structure and w______ firefighters - design improvements of foam pro_____ equipment = inclusion more feasible - use of foam helps reduce ____ usage, a significant factor where it is limited

- hazardous - easily - proportioners - water

Chapter 14 - Foam Equipment and Systems Flashcards by Sara Jones

Regarding the specification of foam concentrate intended to be used, mutual aid partners should \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. coordinate
B. use different types
C. not speak
D. none of the above

A. coordinate

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Should your foam concentrate and equipment be compatible with other agencies that might work with you? YES or NO

YES

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What might lead to eduction problems and have detrimental effects on the quality of foam produced when working with mutual aid?

mixing different foam concentrates

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Use of foam agents in fire fighting has reduced dramatically in recent years. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - increased

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Major reasons for increased use of foam:

magnitude and frequency of _______ materials needing foam for mitigation
newer foam concentrates easily used by structure and w______ firefighters
design improvements of foam pro_____ equipment = inclusion more feasible
use of foam helps reduce ____ usage, a significant factor where it is limited

hazardous
easily
proportioners
water

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Assembly and operation of foam equipment is necessary for the _____/_____.

driver/operator

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One must understand the operating p\_\_\_\_\_\_ as well as the proper a\_\_\_\_\_ procedures of foam systems.
A. procedures, application
B. principles, application
C. procedures, advancing
D. principles, advancing

B. principles, application

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IFSTA’s Principles of Foam Fire Fighting will give you additional info on…

foam fire fighting equipment

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Mechanical foams are the most common foams in use. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

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What is the meaning of proportioned (when speaking about foam?)

mixed with water

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What is the meaning of aerated (when speaking about foam?)

mixed with air

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Mechanical foams must be _________ (mixed with water) and _________ (mixed with air) before use.

proportioned

- aerated

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When foam concentrate, water and air is educted or injected in the correct ratios, you get….

fire fighting foam

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The process used to mix foam concentrate with water in a nozzle or proportioner; and then concentrate is drawn into the water stream by the Venturi method is called:
A. aeration
B. proportioning
C. solutioning
D. eduction

D. eduction

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Can you inject foam concentrate, water and air in the correct ratios to form ff foam? OR only educt? YES or NO

YES, you can do both

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No foam production or poor quality of foam will result if when educting/injecting foam concentrate, water and air is i_________ applied or if any element is r________.

incorrectly

- removed

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What is a raw foam liquid in its storage container before being combined with water and air?
A. foam concentrate
B. foam proportioner
C. foam solution
D. foam

A. foam concentrate

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What is the device that injects the correct amount of foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution?
A. foam concentrate
B. foam proportioner
C. foam solution
D. foam

B. foam proportioner

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What is the mixture of foam concentrate and water before the introduction of air?
A. foam concentrate
B. foam proportioner
C. foam solution
D. foam

C. foam solution

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What is the completed product after air is introduced into the foam solution?
A. foam concentrate
B. foam proportioner
C. foam solution
D. foam

D. foam

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What is another name for foam?

finished foam

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What should produce a blanket of uniform-sized bubbles that will maintain an effective cover over Class A or Class B fuels for the required period of time?
A. proper aeration
B. proper mixing
C. proper shaking
D. proper measurements of concentrate

A. proper aeration

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Are there specific formulated foams for each class of fire? YES or No

YES

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Could it endanger fire fighters if the proper foam concentrate is not matched with the fuel type? YES or NO

YES

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What are hydrocarbons and polar solvents class of fuels?

What are crude oil, fuel oil, gasoline, benzene and kerosene? (fuel type) (class)

hydrocarbon, Class B

``` What are crude oil, fuel oil, gasoline, benzene and kerosene all based from? A. oil B. petroleum C. magnesium D. none of the above ```

B. petroleum

What specific gravity do crude oil, fuel oil, gasoline, benzene and kerosene, all petroleum based, have? (water being equal to one)

less than one

Crude oil, fuel oil, gasoline, benzene and kerosene, all petroleum based and having a specific gravity of less than one, floats or sinks in water?

floats

``` Class B foam is effective in extinguishing hydrocarbon fires and suppressing vapors because.... A. it sinks in water B. it mixes with water C. it floats on water D. it drinks water ```

C. it floats on water

Class B foam suppresses v_____ because it floats on the surface.

vapors

Alcohol, acetone, ketones, and esters are what kind of fuels? class?

polar solvents, class B

``` What kind of liquids mix with water? A. hydrocarbons B. class A C. oils D. miscible ```

D. miscible

``` Alcohol, acetone, ketones, and esters are all THIS because they mix with water. A. hydrocarbons B. class A C. polar solvents D. miscible ```

D. miscible

``` Special alcohol-resistant (polymeric) formulations of fire fighting foam must be used when these type of flammable liquids are encountered. A. hydrocarbons B. class A C. polar solvents D. miscible ```

C. polar solvents

``` Many modern fuels, including gasoline, are blended with up to __% solvent additives. Treat these products as polar solvents during emergency operations. A. 15 B. 25 C. 10 D. 11 ```

A. 15

Treat modern fuels, including gasoline that is blended with up to 15% solvent additive as a ......

polar solvent

``` Class B FOAMS are designed solely for use on..... A. hydrocarbons B. polar solvents C. miscible liquids D. Both A and B ```

A. hydrocarbons

``` Regardless of the concentrate applies, Class B foams ARE NOT effective on... A. hydrocarbons B. polar solvents C. miscible liquids D. Both A and B ```

B. polar solvents

Are there some foam, under the direction of the manufacturer, that can be used on both polar solvents and hydrocarbons? YES or NO

YES

You must _______ the fuel product before beginning foam application if using a foam that is for both hydrocarbons and polar solvents.

identify

What can a fire dept. do to ID potential hazards and appropriate types of foam concentrate to have available in their first in?

preincident planning

Foam extinguishes and/or suppresses vapors by the following methods: - s_________-creates a barrier between the fuel and the fire - c_______-lowers the temp of the fuel and adjacent surfaces - suppressing or s_______-prevents the release of flammable vapors, reducing the possibility of ignition or reignition

- seperates - cooling - smothering

Foam seperates a fire by creating a WHAT between the fuel and the fire?

barrier

Foam cools a fire by lowering the WHAT of the fuel and adjacent surfaces.

temperature

Foam suppresses or smothers a fire by preventing the release of flammable WHAT, reducing the possibility of ignition or reignition.

vapors

Fire fighting foam creates a film or blanket on the burning or exposed fuel that excludes this.....

oxygen

``` Fire fighting foam creates a film or blanket on the burning or exposed fuel that excludes oxygen making _______ difficult and stops the ______ process on fuel that has been ignited. A. ignition, mixing B. ignition, burning C. floating, mixing D. flowing, burning ```

B. ignition, burning

As foam begins to break down on a fire, water is releases, providing a c______ effect on the fuel suppressing the process of heat producing oxidation.

cooling

The water being released from foam on a fire might runoff, doing what with the product its putting out?

carrying it with it

Foam concentrates are generally intended to be mixed with fresh or ____ water.

salt

Who specifies the percentage that foam concentrates need proportioned for maximum effectiveness?

manufacturer

For easy reference, where is the foam proportioning percentage marked?

on each foam concentrate container

What may cause a danger for FF AND product poor quality foam? (proportioning)

deviating from the recommended percentages

``` What percent are most foam concentrates formulated to mix with water? A. 92 - 94% B. 94 - 99% C. 85 - 99% D. 90 - 94% ```

B. 94 - 99%

When a 3% foam concentrate is used, what does the finished foam solution consist of in water?

97%

``` What type of foam is formulated to be proportioned within certain limits established by the manufacturer to achieve specific objectives? A. Class B B. hydrocarbon C. Class A D. all of the above ```

C. Class A

``` What ranges can Class A foam be formulated to mix with water? A. 8-9% B. .1-1% C. 1-2% D. .5-3% ```

B. .1-1%

May FF use discretion AND policy to create either dry (thick) foam for exposure protection and fire breaks OR wet, thinner foam to penetrate the surface of a fuel? YES or NO

YES

``` Selection of foam proportioners is governed by several factors; properly supplied water _________ and appropriate a__________, as well as the cost of the system. A. pressure, amount B. pressure, appliances C. pumpers, amount D. none of the above ```

B. pressure, appliances

What is the "delivery device" for a proportioner?

foam nozzle

Proportioners are designed to work in conjunction with WHAT?

delivery devices (foam nozzles)

What might make it difficult or impossible AND a danger to firefighters when using a foam proportioner and a delivery device?

incompatability

If you use a foam proportioner and a delivery device that are incompatible, what might the foam created be? (2)

inadequate or none at all

What are the four basic methods that foam can be proportioned: - IN_________ - INJ________ - B______ M_____ - PRE________

- induction - injection - batch mixing - premixing

What are induction, injection, batch mixing and premixing?

basic methods for foam proportioning

``` Proportioners can be found on an apparatus, for portable use and: A. fixed fire protection systems B. house hold use C. use in the fire house D. none of the above ```

A. fixed fire protection systems

``` Proportioners can be found on an apparatus, for fixed fire protection systems and: A. house hold use B. use in the fire house C. portable use D. none of the above ```

C. portable use

``` Proportioners can be found on fixed fire protection systems, for portable use and: A. house hold use B. use in the fire house C. on apparatus D. none of the above ```

C. on apparatus

``` What method of proportioning foam uses the pressure of a water stream to induct (draft) foam concentrate into the fire stream? A. batch mixing B. injection C. induction D. premixing ```

C. induction

``` How is proportioning achieved in induction? A. passing water through an eductor B. injecting water into the stream C. mixing water with concentrate D. none of the above ```

A. passing water through an eductor

``` What type of device is an eductor? A. nozzle B. Venturi C. appliance D. both B and C ```

B. Venturi

``` What method of proportioning would you find a pickup tube? A. batch mixing B. injection C. induction D. premixing ```

C. induction

``` What is connected to the eductor and is inserted into the foam concentrate container? A. an injector B. straw component C. lathe D. pickup tube ```

D. pickup tube

``` WHAT, that is created by the water passing through the Venturi, causes a reduction in pressure in the eductor that allows atmospheric pressure to force foam concentrate into the water stream? A. vacuum B. pressure differential C. water stream D. none of the above ```

B. pressure differential

``` Pressure differential that is created by the water passing through the _______, causes a reduction in pressure in the eductor that allows atmospheric pressure to force foam concentrate into the water stream? A. concentrate B. water stream C. Venturi D. container ```

C. Venturi

``` In-line eductors and foam nozzles eductors are examples of foam proportioners that work by what kind of proportioning method? A. batch mixing B. injection C. induction D. premixing ```

C. induction

``` This method of proportioning foam uses an external pump to force foam concentrate into the fire stream at the proper ratio in comparison to the flow. A. batch mixing B. injection C. induction D. premixing ```

B. injection

``` These proportioning systems are most commonly employed in apparatus mounted or fixed fire protection systems. A. batch mixing B. injection C. induction D. premixing ```

B. injection

Injection method of proportioning foam uses an external ______ to force foam concentrate into the fire s_____ at a proper ratio in comparison to the flow.

- pump | - streams

``` A simple but potentially inaccurate method of mixing foam concentrate and water is: A. batch mixing B. injection C. induction D. premixing ```

A. batch mixing

``` This method of proportioning foam occurs when an appropriate amount of foam concentrate is poured directly into a tank of water. A. batch mixing B. injection C. induction D. premixing ```

A. batch mixing

What class of foams is batch mixing commonly used with?

Class A

``` Batch mixing may not be effective during large incidents as foam lines may be _______ when the tank is empty in order to refill with concentrate. A. sampsoned B. opened up C. shut down D. flushed ```

C. shut down

When batch mixing Class B foam concentrate, tank water must be c_________ to ensure proper mixing before discharge.

circulated

``` When batch mixing Class B foam concentrate, tank water must be circulated to ensure proper mixing before discharge. The time necessary for this mixing depends on the ________ and ________ of the foam concentrate. A. amount, color B. amount, solubility C. viscosity, color D. viscosity, solubility ```

D. viscosity, solubility

``` A considerable amount of WHAT may occur of residual foam concentrate when the tank is refilled after batch mixing has taken place. A. frothing B. bubbles C. discoloration D. all of the above ```

A. frothing

What must you do to the fire pump, associated piping, tank, hoses and appliances after the use of foam?

thoroughly flushed

In some jurisdictions, batch mixing of Class A foam is accomplished using portable t____s with t_____ relays.

- tanks | - tender

``` What does Class A foam concentrate lower that complicates efforts to restart drafting after a batch is mixed? A. the viscosity of water B. the weight of the water C. the height of the lift D. the amount of water that can be used ```

A. the viscosity of water

After the first time you do batch mixing for proportioning, especially after the initial batch has been used, what is it difficult to maintain?

the accuracy of the batch mixing

``` This method of proportioning is common in which premeasured portions of water and foam concentrate are mixed in a container. A. batch mixing B. injection C. induction D. premixing ```

D. premixing

``` What method of proportioning is typically used with portable and wheeled extinguishers, skid-mounted twin-agent units, and apparatus-mounted tank systems? A. batch mixing B. injection C. induction D. premixing ```

D. premixing

``` This solution, a method of proportioning, may be discharged from a pressurized tank using compressed air? A. batch mixing solution B. injection solution C. induction solution D. premixing solution ```

D. premixed solution

``` This solution, a method of proportioning, may be discharged from a pressurized tank using inert gas such as nitrogen. A. batch mixing solution B. injection solution C. induction solution D. premixing solution ```

D. premixed solution

``` This solution, a method of proportioning, may be discharged by a pump from a non-pressurized storage tank. A. batch mixing solution B. injection solution C. induction solution D. premixing solution ```

D. premixed solution

``` In premixing, a common method of proportioning, the pump discharges the foam solution via piping or hose to the ____________ devices. A. outlet B. appliance C. discharge D. inner most ```

C. discharge

Premix systems (proportioning) can be used over and over again. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - one time use

Premix systems (proportioning) are limited to one time application. After they are used, they must be completely emptied, f_______d and refilled before they can be used again.

flushed

``` Depending on ___ and _________, foam may be stored in a variety of containers. A. age, type B. weight, type C. use, time stored D. use, convenience ```

D. use, convenience

Four common methods of storage for foam for fire service applications are: - pail - barrels - totes - a__________ t____

apparatus tanks

Four common methods of storage for foam for fire service applications are: - pail - barrels - t____ - apparatus tanks

totes

Four common methods of storage for foam for fire service applications are: - pail - b______ - totes - apparatus tanks

barrels

Four common methods of storage for foam for fire service applications are: - p___ - barrels - totes - apparatus tanks

pail

_-gallon plastic pails are commonly used containers in many municipal fire dept. for storing foam.

The 5-gallon plastic pails that are commonly used containers in many municipal fire dept. for storing foam are VERY effected by the corrosive nature of foam and is very hard to store on fire apparatus. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE, they are not affected and are relatively easy to store

The 5-gallon plastic pails that are commonly used containers in many municipal fire dept. for storing foam may form a skin on the surface of the concentrate if the container is not a___t_____.

airtight

Using the plastic pail it is stored in, foam _________ may be educted directly from it.

concentrate

Foam concentrate is also available in __-gallon plastic or plastic LINED barrels.

``` Some fire dept. use 55-gallon plastic or plastic lined containers of foam concentrate for ____ storage. A. foam B. bulk C. aged D. timed ```

B. bulk

Some fire dept. use 55-gallon plastic or plastic lined containers of foam concentrate for bulk storage, but they are more common in i_________ applications.

industrial

Some fire dept. and industrial facilities maintain a________ designed to transport 55-gallon barrels of foam concentrate to incident scenes.

apparatus

Can you educt directly from a 55-gallon foam concentrate barrel just like a 5-gallon plastic pail? YES or NO

YES

``` When bulk storage of foam concentrate is required, what might some fire dept. or industrial facilities use as containers? A. pails B. barrels C. totes D. apparatus tanks ```

C. totes

``` When bulk storage of foam concentrate is required, some fire dept. or industrial facilities use as containers called totes that are ___ gallon containers. A. 325 B. 200 C. 350 D. 275 ```

D. 275

``` What storage method might be prudent for foam concentrate, when large quantities are needed for aircraft rescue fire fighting (ARFF), wildland, or industrial facilities? A. pails B. barrels C. totes D. apparatus tanks ```

C. totes

``` Some jurisdictional organizations operate _________ equipped with large quantities of foam concentrate (totes) that is housed and transported by a "host" dept. for deployment withing a specific response area during large-scale incidents. A. trucks B. trailers C. cars D. tillers ```

B. trailers

Fire a_________ equipped with onboard foam preportioning systems usually have foam concentrate tanks piped directly to the delivery system.

apparatus

Fire apparatus equipped with onboard foam preportioning systems usually have foam concentrate tanks piped directly to the delivery system. This eliminates using p___ or b______ to supply a foam eductor.

pails or barrels

``` These tanks may be found on many municipal fire pumpers as well as industrial foam tenders and ARFF apparatus. A. water B. DEF C. foam concentrate D. air ```

C. foam concentrate

``` Foam concentrate tanks on municipal fire apparatus generally range from __ to ___ gallons. A. 100-200 B. 20-30 C. 20-200 D. 50-60 ```

C. 20-200

``` Foam concentrate tanks on foam pumpers or tenders may carry ____ gallons or more of concentrate. A. 2000 B. 8000 C. 6000 D. 10,000 ```

B. 8000

``` The ____, ______ and DESIGN of the foam concentrate tank on a apparatus may vary depending on the design of the apparatus. A. shape, gallons B. shape, location C. concentrate, flow D. type, location ```

D. type, location

``` If a foam concentrate tank is small, where is it usually located in reference to the fire pump area? A. above B. below C. opposite end of apparatus D. adjacent ```

A. above

``` Some designs incorporate the foam concentrate tank as an _________ cell within the apparatus water tank. A. integral B. separate C. larger D. smaller ```

A. integral

Some apparatus may feature an additional pump and a lower connection point for refilling the WHAT tank?

foam concentrate

``` If a foam concentrate tank is large, where is it usually located in reference to the fire pump area? A. above B. below C. opposite end of apparatus D. adjacent ```

D. adjacent

What two types of apparatus may only have a tank for foam concentrate and no onboard water tank?

tenders, industrial

``` DRUMS of foam concentrate may be pulled on a trailer that may be pulled behind fire apparatus if there is potential to use a large quantity of foam. More commonly they will be taken by service or ______ vehicle. A. chief B. utility C. another departments D. all of the above ```

B. utility

``` Regardless of the type of tank, foam storage must be..... A. careful B. compact C. watched D. airtight ```

D. airtight

Standard vented atmospheric storage tanks ARE acceptable for storage of foam concentrate. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - ARE NOT

``` Who provides for specific standards for design of a foam storage tank? A. IFSTA B. AHJ C. the department it is stored in D. NFPA ```

D. NFPA

``` What should you NOT do with foam concentrate that would result in ineffective foam for application and foam with reduced suppression capabilities? A. mix different types/brands B. shake well C. store in a dark place D. carry in totes ```

A. mix different types/brands

Specific to its product, who should you consult for any special requirements of foam concentrate?

manufacturer

``` When has Class A foam been available since? A. 1930s B. 1940s C. 1920s D. 1990s ```

B. 1940s

``` What type of foam has only recently been widely accepted and used for increasing numbers of STRUCTURE, WILDLAND, COAL, TIRE STORAGE, and other fires involving DEEP SEATED FUELS? A. Class B foam B. Class D foam C. Class A foam D. Class R foam ```

C. Class A foam

``` What kind of foam would you use on a tire storage fire? A. Class B foam B. Class D foam C. Class A foam D. Class R foam ```

C. Class A foam

``` What kind of foam would you use on a coal fire? A. Class B foam B. Class D foam C. Class A foam D. Class R foam ```

C. Class A foam

``` What kind of foam is specially designed for use on Class A combustibles? A. Class B foam B. Class D foam C. Class A foam D. Class R foam ```

C. Class A foam

``` What foam includes hydrocarbon surfactants that reduce the surface tension of water in the foam solution? A. Class B foam B. Class D foam C. Class A foam D. Class R foam ```

C. Class A foam

Hydrocarbon based surfactants are essentially w_______ agents that reduce the surface tension of water.

wetting

Where would you find hydrocarbon surfactants?

Class A foam

``` What does a reduced surface tension allow for? (Class A foam, hydrocarbon surfactants) better _______ and ________ effectiveness A. life, lowered B. life, increased C. penetration, slower D. penetration, increased ```

D. penetration, increased

``` When used in conjunction with compressed air foam systems (CAFS), Class _ foam provides excellent ________ qualities. A. A, suppression B. C, watering C. B, insulation D. A, insulation ```

D. A, insulation

Creating a useable foam product, compressed air foam systems ENTRAINS _______ amounts of compressed air with _______ amounts of water into the foam concentrate.

-large, small

``` What is a chemical that lowers the surface tension of liquid? A. surfactant B. foam C. Class B foam D. all of the above ```

A. surfactant

The correct flow in gallons per minute must be applied to safely and efficiently WHAT with any method of fire attack?

extinguish the fire

``` The shelf life of PROPERLY stored foam SOLUTIONS of Class A foam can be as long as __ years. A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 5 ```

B. 20

``` The shelf life of PROPERLY stored foam SOLUTIONS of Class A foam can be as long as 20 years making it an economical choice to purchase in WHAT quantities. A. small B. rare C. bulk D. none of the above ```

C. bulk

``` Class _ foam my be used with fog nozzles, aerating foam nozzles and medium and high expansion devices. A. Class B foam B. Class D foam C. Class A foam D. Class R foam ```

C. Class A foam

``` Class _ foam may be used WITH compressed air foam systems using most nozzles, including solid stream nozzles. A. Class B foam B. Class D foam C. Class A foam D. Class R foam ```

C. Class A foam

Under ordinary conditions, why is Class A foam not a significant environmental concern?

used in small percentages

``` Under ordinary conditions, Class A foam not a significant environmental concern due to its use being ins small percentages. HOWEVER, personnel should not discharge foam concentrates, solutions or finished foam directly into a WHAT? A. firehouse B. tornado C. car D. body of water ```

D. body of water

Because of its corrosive characteristics, avoid _____ skin contact of Class A foam CONCENTRATE.

direct

To flush equipment after use of Class A foam, drivers should consult who's recommendations?

manufacturers

Class A foam may be mixed with percentages as low as 0.1 to 1%. As ratios are ________, the expansion and drainage characteristics of the finished product will change.

increased

With increase in the percentage of Class A foam in a solution, drain time ________.

increases

With increase in the percentage of Class A foam in a solution, drain time increases. This characteristic is visible by the foam appearing _________.

thicker

Most FOAM nozzles used with Class A foam will produce more stable foam at ___ % than at ___% concentrate.

1.0%, 0.5%

Most FOAM nozzles used with Class A foam will produce more stable foam at 1.0 % than at 0.5% concentrate. However, using a ______ nozzle with any higher than 0.5% concentrate may NOT increase fire fighting performance.

standard

``` If you have a standard fog nozzle and Class A foam, fire attack and overhaul should be mixed at a ___ to ___% concentrate. A. 0.5 to 1.0 B. 0.2 to 0.5 C. 0.3 to 0.7 D. 0.5 to 0.7 ```

B. 0.2 to 0.5

``` If you have a standard fog nozzle and Class A foam, protecting exposures should be mixed at a ___ to ____% concentrate. A. 0.5 to 1.0 B. 0.2 to 0.5 C. 0.3 to 0.7 D. 0.5 to 0.7 ```

A. 0.5 to 1.0

``` If you have a air aspirating foam nozzle and Class A foam, it should be mixed at a ___ to ____% concentrate. A. 0.5 to 1.0 B. 0.2 to 0.5 C. 0.3 to 0.7 D. 0.5 to 0.7 ```

C. 0.3 to 0.7

``` If you have a compressed air foam system (CAFS) and Class A foam, it should be mixed at a ___ to ____% concentrate. A. 0.5 to 1.0 B. 0.2 to 0.5 C. 0.3 to 0.7 D. 0.5 to 0.7 ```

B. 0.2 to 0.5

``` What refers to the minimum amount of foam SOLUTION that must be applied to a fire, per minute, per square foot of fire. A. military specifictions B. application specification C. SDS D. application rate ```

D. application rate

The application rate for Class A foam is the _____ as the minimum required flow rate for water.

same

The application rate for Class A foam is the same as the minimum required flow rate for water. Flow rates for TARGET hazards should be determined WHEN so that preparations can be made to satisfy these requirements?

preincident planning

``` The ________ of Class A foam may be tailored to meet specific applications. A. changed B. reversed C. consistancy D. all of the above ```

C. consistancy

The following common application needs are provided with Class A foam: - areas that require m________ penetration - v_______ surfaces - surfaces of f___

- maximum - vertical - fuel

The following common application needs are provided with Class A foam: (3) 1. Areas that require maximum penetration - wet foam is very _____ and will easily penetrate Class A fuels. A. fluid B. heavy C. thick D. watery

A. fluid

The following common application needs are provided with Class A foam: (3) 2. Vertical surfaces - dry foam forms a rigid coating and adheres well. It clings to vertical surfaces for extended periods because it is slow to d_______. Dry foam, which often resembles shaving cream, has very low w______ content and h_____ air content.

- drain - water - high

The following common application needs are provided with Class A foam: (3) C. surface of fuel - Foam must have the ability to cling and p__________ the surface of fuel. Medium foam is able to penetrate a fuel while m____________ a sufficient blanket of protection.

- penetrate | - maintaining

The d_____ time for foam also plays a major role in the effectiveness of the product. (Class A foam)

drain

``` What begins to break down as soon as Class A foam is applied? A. water B. bubbles C. air D. fuel ```

B. bubbles

Bubbles begins to break down as soon as Class A foam is applied. This process allows the release of WHAT, wetting the fuel.

water

One measurement for the stability of foam is the rate at which the breakdown of the foam occurs and the release of water wets the fuel. TRUE of FALSE

TRUE

A short duration drain time for Class A foam = most r_____ wetting. A longer duration drain time for Class A foam = an insulating layer for a l______ period of time.

- rapid | - longer

Several elements affect the breakdown process of Class A foam: -heat of the fire OR the h_____ of the flame front in a wildfire The DURATION of the breakdown process: -ambient air t_________ and prevailing wind conditions

- height | - temperature

How is the application rate of foam measured?

minutes, per square foot

``` This foam is applied to suppress fires involving flammable and combustible liquids. A. Class B foam B. Class D foam C. Class A foam D. Class R foam ```

A. Class B foam

``` What type of foam is used to suppress vapors from unignited spills involving flammable and combustible liquids? A. Class B foam B. Class D foam C. Class A foam D. Class R foam ```

A. Class B foam

``` What type of foam is proportioned into a fire stream by using apparatus mounted or portable foam proportioning equipment? A. Class B foam B. Class D foam C. Class A foam D. Class R foam ```

A. Class B foam

``` What foam concentrate consist of a synthetic or protein base? A. Class B foam B. Class D foam C. Class A foam D. Class R foam ```

A. Class B foam

``` What type of Class B foam is made of a mixture of fluorosurfactants? A. protein based B. fluoroprotein C. synthetic D. all of the above ```

C. synthetic

``` What type of Class B foam is made from animal protein? A. protein based B. fluoroprotein C. synthetic D. all of the above ```

A. protein based

``` What type of foam is goof for fighting fires involved in densely packed materials? A. Class B foam B. Class D foam C. Class A foam D. Class R foam ```

A. Class B foam

Are there combination foams that include both animal protein and synthetics? YES or No

YES

To maximize shelf life, Class B foam concentrates should be stored in c___ areas.

cool

To maximize shelf life, Class B foam concentrates should be stored in cool areas. approximately __ years for protein based foams and __ to __ years for synthetic foams.

10 | 20 to 25

Generally , what should you not do with Class B foams because they may be chemically incompatible?

mix

Immediately before application, and during emergencies, can you mix similar types of Class B concentrates such as AFFF and fluoroprotein? YES or NO

YES

Class B foam concentrates of the same type, which are manufactured to U.S. Military specifications (Mil-Spec), MAY NOT be mixed at any time with no adverse effects. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - they MAY be mixed

Both the chemical p________ of Class B foam and their impact on the e__________ may vary depending on the product and m_____________.

- properties - environment - manufacturer

Which is generally safer for the environment? protein based Class B foams or synthetic Class B foams

protein based

``` What should you consult, that is provided by the manufacturer, for specific safety information regarding all Class B foams? A. fire department B. AHJ C. officer in charge D. safety data sheets (SDSs) ```

D. safety data sheets (SDSs)

Class B foams are mixed in proportions from _ to _ percent.

1 to 6

Where would you find the correct proportion for a specific product for Class B foam listed?

outside of each container

Some Class B foams are formulated for use on both hydrocarbons and ______ solvent fuels.

polar

The concentration of Class B foam for hydrocarbon fuels is normally _ to _ %, based on the manufacturer's recommendations.

1 to 3%

The concentration of Class B foam for polar solvent fuels is normally _ to _ %, based on the manufacturer's recommendations.

3 to 6%

``` Foam ________ is the increase in volume of foam solution once it has been aerated. A. expansion B. concentrate C. film D. all of the above ```

A. expansion

Foam expansion is the increase in volume of foam solution once it has been aerated. This is an important characteristic to consider when choosing a foam concentrate for specific application. E________ creates the foam b_______ that result in finished foam or foam blanket.

- Expansion | - bubbles

The method used to aerate foam solutions will create varying degrees of expansion based on: - t____ of foam concentrate used - accurate p___________ of the foam concentrate in the solution - q______ of the foam concentrate - method of ae________

- type - proportioning - quality - aeration

``` What is generally described as low, medium or high? (foam) A. proportioning B. foam concentrate C. bubbles of foam D. foam expansion ```

D. foam expansion

What NFPA standard states that low expansion foam contains an air/solution ratio of up to 20 parts finished foam for every part foam solution, a 20:1 ratio.

NFPA 11, Foam Expansion

What NFPA standard states that medium expansion foam contains an air/solution ratio of up to 20 to 200 parts finished foam for every part foam solution, a 20:1 to 200:1 ratio THROUGH hydraulically operated nozzle type delivery devices.

NFPA 11, Foam Expansion

What NFPA standard states that high expansion foam contains an air/solution ratio of up to 200 to 1000 parts finished foam for every part foam solution, a 200:1 to 1000:1 ratio.

NFPA 11, Foam Expansion

According to NFPA 11, Foam Expansion, high expansion foam contains an air/solution ratio of up to ___ to ____ parts finished foam for every part foam solution, a ___:1 to ____:1 ratio.

200 to 1000

According to NFPA 11, Foam Expansion, low expansion foam contains an air/solution ratio of up to ___ parts finished foam for every part foam solution, a ___:1 ratio.

According to NFPA 11, Foam Expansion, medium expansion foam contains an air/solution ratio of up to ___ to ____ parts finished foam for every part foam solution, a ___:1 to ____:1 ratio through hydraulically operated nozzle type delivery device.

20 to 200

Rates at which foam is applied depends on variables: - t____ of concentration used - Whether or not the fuel is on f___ - types of f___ involved (hydrocarbon, polar solvent) - whether the fuel is contained or un________

- type - fire - fuel - uncontained

The minimum foam solution application rates for ignited fuels are specified in NFPA __.

NFPA 11, Foam Expansion

The m______ foam solution application rates for i_____ fuels are specified in NFPA 11, Foam Expansion. This standard outlines the variables involved and application rate requirements for many possible scenarios.

- minimum | - ignited

What standard should a driver consult to assist in the preparation of plans to mitigate potential hazards in their response area (NFPA?) (minimum foam solution application rates)

NFPA 11, Foam Expansion

``` What would you be calculating if you divide the flow rate by the area of the fire? A. how much water is needed B. application rate of foam C. friction loss in the nozzle D. none of the above ```

B. application rate of foam

At what application rate would a 250 gpm nozzle on a 1,000 square foot fire would you flow?

250/1,000=0.25 gpm/ft²

Do not enter a spill of UN______ flammable liquid!! An ignition source may cause the spill to ignite at any time!

unignited

Would you use flow rate divided by the area of the fire to calculate the application rate of foam IF it is an unignited spill? YES OR NO

flow rate divided by the area of the fire to calculate the application rate of foam is NOT required if it is an unignited spill due to the absence of: - r______ heat - open f_____ - th______ drafts

- radiant - flames - thermal

Does NFPA 11, Foam Expansion, present specific guidelines for unignited spills? YES or NO

``` NFPA 11, Foam Expansion, does NOT present specific guidelines for UNIGNITED spills. WHAT should firefighters be prepared to apply for the specified amount of time based on fire conditions? A. minimum application rate B. maximum application rate C. as much foam as possible D. as little foam as possible ```

A. minimum application rate

WHEN should you ensure that sufficient foam production components required to achieve the tactical objectives are available at the point of proportioning?

before you start application

Once you begin application of foam, should you continue with or without interruption?

without

Once you begin application of foam, you should continue without interruption from an ____hill and ___wind position until extinguishment is complete.

- uphill | - upwind

``` If you are inconsistent in your time when applying foam, it may allow the fuel and fire to ________ a portion or the ENTIRE foam blanket. A. eat B. drink C. roll over D. consume ```

D. consume

Application rates of foam for polar solvents may be based on the specific type of s_____.

solvent

``` Types of foam are selected by __________ based on their properties and performance for likely applications and incidents. A. fire house B. jurisdictions C. manufacturer D. none of the above ```

B. jurisdictions

A thick foam may create a ____ resistant blanket over burning liquids.

heat

A thinner foam may spread more r______ over burning liquids.

rapidly

Some foams, INTENDED FOR USE ON POLAR SOLVENTS, may be used on ____________ fuels, but only under the direction of the manufacturer.

hydrocarbon

Because some foams, INTENDED FOR USE ON POLAR SOLVENTS, may be used on hydrocarbon fuels, but only under the direction of the manufacturer, it illustrates the need to I_______ the fuel product before beginning application.

identify

Certain foams produce a vapor film or membrane on the burning liquid surface to aid in ______ suppression.

vapor

``` Medium and high expansion foam may be used in large volumes to _______ surfaces or fill _______ areas. A. flood, confined B. cover, small C. cover, large D. smother, little ```

A. flood, confined

What range of foam (expansion) may be used in large volumes to flood surfaces or fill confined areas? (low, medium, high?)

medium and high expansion

Suppressing (smothering) prevents the release of additional flammable v________ into the atmosphere where they could mix with o_______ to form a flammable mixture, thereby r_______ the possibilities of ignition or reignition.

- vapors - oxygen - reducing

``` What kind of foam is derived from animal protein such as hooves, horns or feather meal? A. fluoroprotein foam B. protein foam C. film forming fluoroprotein foam D. aqueous film forming foam ```

B. protein foam

``` In what type of fam are hooves, horns or feather meal HYDROLYZED in the presence of LIME and converted to a protein hydrolysate that is neutralized? A. fluoroprotein foam B. protein foam C. film forming fluoroprotein foam D. aqueous film forming foam ```

B. protein foam

``` What type of foam has stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors, and antimicrobial agents as well as additives to inhibit freezing contained in its formula? A. fluoroprotein foam B. protein foam C. film forming fluoroprotein foam D. aqueous film forming foam ```

B. protein foam

``` Regular protein foam generally has good ______ stability and burnback _______. A. foam, qualities B. foam, resistance C. heat, resistance D. dry, options ```

C. heat, resistance

With burnback resistance, the foam blanket has the ability to resist _____ flame impingement such as would be evident in a partially extinguished petroleum fire.

direct

``` When applied to a fuel source, protein foams are not as f____ as other low expansion foams. A. flowing B. firey C. favored D. fluid ```

D. fluid

Which degrades faster in storage: protein foam or synthetic foam

protein foam

What type of foam is becoming increasingly rare in the fire service: protein foam or synthetic foam

protein foam

Jurisdictions should monitor its remaining shelf if they continue to maintain this type of foam, due to its increasingly rare use in fire service.

protein foam

``` What type of foam is a combination of protein-based foam and synthetic foam? A. fluoroprotein foam B. protein foam C. film forming fluoroprotein foam D. aqueous film forming foam ```

A. fluoroprotein foam

``` What type of foam contains protein concentrate to which fluorochemical surfactants are added? A. fluoroprotein foam B. protein foam C. film forming fluoroprotein foam D. aqueous film forming foam ```

A. fluoroprotein foam

``` Fluoroprotein foam contains protein concentrate to which fluorochemical surfactants are added. The addition of these chemicals provides it with the ability to ____ more readily than ordinary PROTEIN foams. A. mix B. circulate C. flow D. stick ```

C. flow

Fluoroprotein foam provides lasting v_____ suppression that may be critical during incidents involving un_______ spills. (better than protein foam)

- vapor | - unignited

``` What type of foam continues to be a favored option by some municipal and industrial fire departments? A. fluoroprotein foam B. protein foam C. film forming fluoroprotein foam D. aqueous film forming foam ```

A. fluoroprotein foam

``` With addition of ammonia salts suspended in organic solvents, fluoroprotein foam may be made _______ resistant. A. fire B. alcohol C. flame D. water ```

B. alcohol

With addition of ammonia salts suspended in organic solvents, fluoroprotein foam may be made alcohol resistant. This property will be effective for approximately __ minutes, offering high-water retention and resistance to heat.

``` With addition of ammonia salts suspended in organic solvents, fluoroprotein foam may be made alcohol resistant. This property will be effective for approximately 15 minutes, offering high-water _______ and resistance to ____. A. absorption, flames B. resistance, water C. absorption, air D. retention, heat ```

D. retention, heat

What foam is a mix of fluoroprotein foam and aqueous film forming foam? A. fluoroprotein foam B. protein foam C. film forming fluoroprotein foam (FFFP) D. aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)

C. film forming fluoroprotein foam (FFFP)

What combines the long lasting heat resistance of fluoroprotein foam and the quick knockdown capabilities of aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)? A. fluoroprotein foam B. protein foam C. film forming fluoroprotein foam (FFFP) D. aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)

C. film forming fluoroprotein foam (FFFP)

Is FFFP available in an alcohol resistant formula? YES or NO

YES

What foam is also called A triple F?

aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)

What type of foam is currently the most commonly used SYNTHETIC foam concentrate? A. fluoroprotein foam B. protein foam C. film forming fluoroprotein foam (FFFP) D. aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)

D. aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)

What foam formula consists of fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactants combined with solvents to create a high boiling point? A. fluoroprotein foam B. protein foam C. film forming fluoroprotein foam (FFFP) D. aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)

D. aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)

``` Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) formula consists of fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactants combined with solvents to create a high WHAT? A. boiling point B. dissolving rate C. bubble count D. expansion ```

A. boiling point

``` The ____________ surfactants in AFFF (aqueous film forming foam) reduce the surface tension of the water in the foam solution to a degree that a thin aqueous film is spread across a fuel product as the foam solution is applied. A. bubbles B. hydrocarbon C. fluorochemical D. foam ```

C. fluorochemical

When AFFF or FFFP foam are applied to a fire involving a HYDROCARBON fuel product, several actions will occur: - an a__/vapor excluding film is released ahead of the f___ blanket - a f___ moving blanket of foam spreads across the surface of th fuel surrounding objects and providing in_________ - as the aerated foam blanket drains its water, more film is released giving the foam an ability to recover, or "h___" areas where the foam blanket is disturbed.

- air - foam - fast - insulation - heal

When applying foam, should you be aware of burnback in previously covered areas where contact with hot objects may be present? YES or NO

YES

When applying foam, you should be aware of burnback in previously covered areas where contact with hot objects may be present. This effect may be more apparent in what type of foam? A. fluoroprotein foam B. protein foam C. film forming fluoroprotein foam (FFFP) D. aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)

aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)

``` Alcohol resistant AFFF CONCENTRATE is COMMONLY available for us on this fuel? A. hydrocarbons B. paper C. houses D. polar solvents ```

D. polar solvents

``` Based on manufacturers guidelines, alcohol resistant AFFF concentrate is generally used in concentrations of _ to _%. A. 1 to 2 B. 3 to 5 C. 3 to 6 D. 1 to 6 ```

C. 3 to 6

``` Based on manufacturers guidelines, alcohol resistant AFFF can be used on hydrocarbon fuels at _ to _%. A. 1 to 2 B. 3 to 5 C. 3 to 6 D. 1 to 6 ```

D. 1 to 6

What is AR-AFFF?

alcohol resistant aqueous film forming foam

When AR-AFFF (alcohol resistant aqueous film forming) is applied to polar solvents, what is created over the fuel?

membrane

When AR-AFFF (alcohol resistant aqueous film forming) is applied to polar solvents, a membrane is created over the fuel. The membrane separates the w____ in the foam blanket from the effects of the s____t.

- water | - solvent

When AR-AFFF (alcohol resistant aqueous film forming) is applied to polar solvents, a membrane is created over the fuel. The membrane separates the water in the foam blanket from the effects of the solvent. The blanket acts in much the same way as ordinary ____.

AFFF

``` In order to allow the membrane to form, how should alcohol resistant AFFF be applied? A. very quickly B. very slowly C. very gently D. very aggressively ```

C. very gently

``` What type of nozzle should be used with alcohol resistant AFFF that is generally best for preserving the membrane that forms on the surface of fuels? A. regular B. smooth bore C. foam D. aspirating ```

D. aspirating

Is alcohol resistant AFFF be designed for use on polar solvent fuels, but could also be used on hydrocarbons if allowed by the manufacturer? YES or NO

YES

What kind of expansion foam contains a detergent base and low water content? A. fluoroprotein foam B. high expansion foam C. film forming fluoroprotein foam (FFFP) D. aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)

B. high expansion foam

Low water content of high expansion foam provides ____ runoff and m______ water damage.

- less | - minimizes

Common applications of high expansion foam: - concealed space fire such as cellars and coal m_____ or subterranean spaces such as U_____ tunnels and sewers - fixed e________ systems for specific industrial hazards - Class _ fire applications

- mines - utility - extinguishing - A

Equipment that must operate within specific design specifications is needed to achieve and maintain the correct pro______ of foam concentrate and water to produce an e________ finished foam solution

- proportioning | - effective

``` Mechanical malfunction or error in operation of foam proportioning equipment may result in a failure to _______ foam, or a foam that is of poor ______. A. produce, quality B. insert, bubbles C. produce, water content D, none of the above ```

A. produce, quality

``` What principles do foam proportioning devices operate in general? A. venturi effect B. non-pressurized pump C. pressurized proportioning device D. both A and C ```

D. both A and C

2 principles of foam proportioning device: 1. a Venturi effect created by the p_______ of a water stream flowing through a restricted o______ inducts (drafts) foam concentrate into the water s_____.

- pressure - orifice - stream

2 principles of foam proportioning device: 2. a pressurized proportioning device injects f___ concentrate into a water s______ at a SET RATIO and at a h_____ pressure than the water flow.

- foam - stream - higher

``` Low energy foam proportioning systems are commonly found mounted on an _________ or as a _______ appliance. A. apparatus, portable B. firehouse, detachable C. tinder, portable D. aerial, movable ```

A. apparatus, portable

What do low energy foam systems impart pressure on the foam solution with?

main fire pump

Low energy foam systems impart pressure on the foam solution with the main fire pump. It then introduces air into the foam solution when it either reaches the ________ or is discharged from the ________.

- nozzle | - nozzle

``` What are in-line foam eductors, foam nozzle eductors and self educting master stream foam nozzles considered? A. set foam proportioners B. portable foam proportioners C. foam application assistants D. all of the above ```

B. portable foam proportioners

A SIMPLE and COMMON method of foam proportioning involves the use of a _______ foam proportioner.

portable

What type of portable foam proportioner is basic and designed to be attached directly to the pump panel discharge or connected at some point in the hose lay? A. in-line foam eductors B. foam nozzle eductors C. self educting master stream foam nozzles D. all of the above

A. in-line foam eductors

in order for an in-line eductor to function EFFECTIVELY, the driver must follow manufacturers guidelines that specify correct p______ and d_____ between the eductor and the appropriate nozzle.

- pressure | - distance

in order for an in-line eductor to function EFFECTIVELY, the driver must follow manufacturers guidelines that specify correct pressure and distance between the e______ and the appropriate n_____.

- eductor | - nozzle

``` The in-line eductor uses the ______ principle to draft foam concentrate into the water stream. A. pressure B. Venturi C. foam D. equality ```

B. Vanturi

Should the nozzle and the eductor have the same gpm rating in order to operate successfully? YES or NO

YES

When the nozzle flows a higher rate from an eductor, too much concentrate will be used, d_______ resources and creating a foam blanket that is "r_____ than necessary.

- depleating | - richer

When nozzle flows are at a lower rate from an eductor, not enough c________ will be used, resulting in poor q_____ foam.

- concentrate | - quality

A foam nozzle eductor operates under the same principle as an __-line _______.

in, eductor

The foam nozzle eductor is built into the self-educting nozzle rather than attached to the _________. (portable proportioner)

hoseline

WHAT portable eductor (proportioner) is built into the self-educting nozzle rather than attached to the hoseline. A. in-line foam eductors B. foam nozzle eductors C. self educting master stream foam nozzles D. all of the above

B. foam nozzle eductors

At what point does foam concentrate have to be available for use of a portable foam nozzle eductor (proportioner)?

where the nozzle is operated

``` Where the nozzle is operated is the location of where the foam concentrate has to be available for use of a portable foam nozzle eductor (proportioner). This often becomes a LOGISTIC problem when what happens to the line? A. when it is shut down B. when it is sampsoned C. when pressure builds inside it D. when it needs relocated ```

D. when it needs relocated

Where the nozzle is operated is the location of where the foam concentrate has to be available for use of a portable foam nozzle eductor (proportioner). This often becomes a LOGISTIC problem when the line needs relocated. This problem is compounded by the number of g_______ required to ensure un____________ supply.

- gallons | - uninterrupted

Use of what portable proportioner may compromise FF safety. FF cannot quickly move the hoseline and must abandon the supply of concentrate should they need to withdraw rapidly. A. in-line foam eductors B. foam nozzle eductors C. self educting master stream foam nozzles D. all of the above

B. foam nozzle eductors

What protable proportioner uses a modified Venturi design to draw concentrate into its water stream? A. in-line foam eductors B. foam nozzle eductors C. self educting master stream foam nozzles D. all of the above

C. self educting master stream foam nozzles

``` Where is the pickup tube located on the self educting master stream nozzles (in the nozzle?) A. center bore B. along the outside C. at the entrance D. none of the above ```

A. center bore

``` In a self educting master stream nozzle, the design produces an overproportioned solution that is diluted by the ________ plates in the nozzle as the solution is discharged. A. triangle B. metal C. round about D. deflector ```

D. deflector

What portable proportioner is deployed when flows in excess of 350 gpm are required? A. in-line foam eductors B. foam nozzle eductors C. self educting master stream foam nozzles D. all of the above

C. self educting master stream foam nozzles

``` A self educting master stream nozzle is deployed when flows in excess of ____ gpm is required. A. 250 B. 350 C. 200 D. 150 ```

B. 350

``` Some self educting master stream nozzle are capable of delivering __,___ gpm. A. 14,500 B. 13,000 C. 14,000 D. none of the above ```

C. 14,000

What is one major advantage of the self-educting nozzle than most standard foam nozzle eductors? (the p______ drop is much l____)

the pressure drop is much lower

One major advantage of the self-educting nozzle than most standard foam nozzle eductors is that the pressure drop is much lower. What percent is the drop? __% or less

``` One major advantage of the self-educting nozzle than most standard foam nozzle eductors is that the pressure drop is much lower. What percent is the drop? 10% or less. This feature allows the stream to have much greater WHAT? A. reach capabilities B. power C. gpm D. regulated flow ```

A. reach capabilities

``` What is a type of in-line eductor that may be used to supply foam concentrate to a self-educting master stream? A. in-line foam eductors B. foam nozzle in-line eductors C. self educting in-line gauge D. jet ratio controller (JRC) ```

D. jet ratio controller (JRC)

``` How far can a jet ratio controller (JRC) be from the nozzle of a self-educting foam master stream? (supply of foam concentrate) A. 200 B. 3,000 C. 550 D. 620 ```

B. 3,000

What does the jet ratio controller (JRC) fo for the self-educting foam master stream?

supplies foam concentrate

A jet ratio controller (JRC) can be 3,000 feet from the nozzle of a self-educting foam master stream. (supply of foam concentrate). This distance allows firefighters charged with operating the fire p___ and MAINTAINING the foam c________ supply to do so from a considerable distance.

- pump | - concentrate

``` A jet ratio controller (JRC) can be 3,000 feet from the nozzle of a self-educting foam master stream. (supply of foam concentrate). This distance allows firefighters charged with operating the fire pump and MAINTAINING the foam concentrate supply to do so from a considerable distance. (as well as an elevation change of up to __ feet.) A. 20 B. 40 C. 50 D. 100 ```

C. 50

The JRC (jet ratio controller) is supplied by a WHAT from the main fire pump that is supplying other hoselines?

hoseline

``` How much of the total flow in the system does the water flow to a JRC (jet ratio controller) represent? A. 50% B. 2.5% C. 9% D. 30% ```

B. 2.5%

Like a standard in-line eductor, water flowing through a JRC (jet ratio controller) creates a V______ effect that draws foam concentrate into the p____ tube, then into the h_______.

- venturi - pickup - hoseline

``` A JRC (jet ratio controller) proportions foam concentrate at a ___% solution. A. 76.8 B. 69.4 C. 66.5 D. 83.1 ```

C. 66.5

A JRC (jet ratio controller) proportions foam concentrate at a 66.5% solution. The overporportioned solution is then pumped into a self-educating master stream foam nozzle where it is further pro_______ with w_____ supplied by the fire pump, resulting in a discharge solution of three percent.

- proportioned | - water

``` A JRC (jet ratio controller) proportions foam concentrate at a 66.5% solution. The overporportioned solution is then pumped into a self-educating master stream foam nozzle where it is further proportioned with water supplied by the fire pump, resulting in a discharge solution of __ percent. A. 10 B. 50 C. 9 D. 3 ```

D. 3

Does the JRC (jet ratio controller) and the master stream foam nozzle have to be correctly matched in order to achieve the PROPER PROPORTION? YES or NO

YES

_____ proportioning systems are commonly mounted on structural, industrial, wildland, ARFF apparatus and fireboats.

foam

An INSTALLED in-line eductor system operates under the same or different principles as the portable in-line eductor?

same

When operating an installed in-line eductor, foam concentrate may be supplied from a p_____ tube into a drum or p___, OR by using a t____ permanently installed on the apparatus.

- pickup - pail - tank

What is the only difference between an installed in-line eductor and a portable in-line eductor?

installed has a fixed-position mounting

Why is a bypass proportioner sometimes installed on a installed in-line eductor? (what does it reduce across the eductor?)

reduces friction loss across the eductor

A bypass proportioner sometimes installed on a installed in-line eductor to reduce the fricton loss across the eductor. In bypass mode, a v____ directs the water through a s______ chamber of the eductor that contains no orifice or restrictions.

- valve | - second

A bypass proportioner sometimes installed on a installed in-line eductor to reduce the fricton loss across the eductor. In bypass mode, a valve directs the water through a second chamber of the eductor that contains no orifice or restrictions. This mode is used when __ foam is desired, and the discharge function is to supply ____ water.

- no | - plain

A bypass proportioner sometimes installed on a installed in-line eductor to reduce the fricton loss across the eductor. In bypass mode, a valve directs the water through a second chamber of the eductor that contains no orifice or restrictions. This mode is used when no foam is desired, and the discharge function is to supply plain water. When a foam line is required, a v___ is directed to divert water through the e____/orifice chamber.

- valve | - eductor

``` When a foam line is required on an installed in-line eductor system, a valve is directed to divert water through the eductor/orifice chamber. A _______ valve is present at this point to accommodate various foam concentrates. A. metering B. water C. quick turn D. none of the above ```

A. metering

Installed in-line eductors are most commonly used to proportion Class _ foam.

``` What does the metering valve accommodate in a installed in-line eductor system? A. various pressures B. various water supplies C. various foam concentrates D. various nozzles ```

C. various foam concentrates

``` Why are installed in-line foam eductors generally not effective for proportioning the Class A foam operations? A. low concentrations used B. too thin to perform C. too much is needed D. all of the above ```

A. low concentrations used

What are one of the most common types of installed proportioners used in modern apparatus? A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners B. around-the-pump proportioners C. installed in-line eductor proportioners D. variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioners

B. around-the-pump proportioners

What system consists of a small return (bypass) water line connected from the discharge side of the pump back to the intake side of the pump? A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners B. around-the-pump proportioners C. installed in-line eductor proportioners D. variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioners

B. around-the-pump proportioner

An around-the-pump proportioner system consists of a small return (bypass) water line connected from the discharge side of the pump back to the intake side of the pump. An in-____ eductor is installed in this line with a valve controlling the flow of water p_____ through it.

- in-line | - passing

An around-the-pump proportioner system consists of a small return (bypass) water line connected from the discharge side of the pump back to the intake side of the pump. An in-line eductor is installed in this line with a valve controlling the flow of water passing through it. In the ____(open/closed?) position, the valve allows approximately 10 to 40 gpm to flow through the ____(piping/valve?)

- open | - piping

``` An around-the-pump proportioner system consists of a small return (bypass) water line connected from the discharge side of the pump back to the intake side of the pump. An in-line eductor is installed in this line with a valve controlling the flow of water passing through it. In the open position, the valve allows approximately __ to __ gpm to flow through the piping. A. 10 to 50 B. 10 to 30 C. 10 to 40 D. 10 to 20 ```

C. 10 to 40

An in-line eductor is installed in the bypass (return) line of the around-the-pump proportioner with a valve controlling the flow of water passing through it. In the open position, the valve allows approximately 10 to 40 gpm to flow through the piping. This flow passes through WHAT, creating a venturi effect that draws foam from the ONBOARD concentration tank.

eductor

``` An in-line eductor is installed in the bypass (return) line of the around-the-pump proportioner with a valve controlling the flow of water passing through it. In the open position, the valve allows approximately 10 to 40 gpm to flow through the piping. This flow passes through eductor, creating a venturi effect that draws foam from the ONBOARD concentration tank. The foam solution that is created is pumped through the bypass piping to the ____ side of the fire pump where is is pumped to a _____ and into a hoseline. A. discharge, intake B. driver, valve C. intake, discharge D. officer, pipe ```

C. intake, discharge

Around-the-pump proportioners should generally be used at the specific f___ for which they are rated.

flow

What might OLDER around-the-pump proportioners ONLY be operated from?

onboard water tank

Why might OLDER around-the-pump proportioners ONLY be operated from the onboard water tank? (because an INLET water p_____ of greater than 10 psi will not allow foam concentrate to enter the pump i____.

- pressure | - intake

``` OLDER around-the-pump proportioners ONLY be operated from the onboard water tank because an INLET water pressure of greater than __ psi will not allow foam concentrate to enter the pump intake. A. 12 B. 10 C. 19 D. 20 ```

B. 10

What installed proportioning system has the disadvantage of the inablitiy to pump both foam and plain water from the pump at the same time? A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners B. around-the-pump proportioners C. installed in-line eductor proportioners D. variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioners

B. around-the-pump proportioners

On a around-the-pump proportioner, what must a driver do to the bypass valve whenever the line is not flowing in order to prevent excess foam concentrate from being drawn into the eductor?

What apparatus mounted foam proportioning system is used on large mobile apparatus installations, such as ARFF vehicles? A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners B. around-the-pump proportioners C. installed in-line eductor proportioners D. variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioners

A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners

What apparatus mounted foam proportioning system is one of the most accurate methods of foam proportioning? A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners B. around-the-pump proportioners C. installed in-line eductor proportioners D. variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioners

A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners

What apparatus mounted foam proportioning system has the ability to monitor the demand for foam concentrate and adjust the amount of concentrate supplied? A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners B. around-the-pump proportioners C. installed in-line eductor proportioners D. variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioners

A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners

Can a bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners flow water from discharge outlets and foam from other discharge outlets simultaneously? YES or NO

YES

Apparatus with a ______________ feature a foam concentrate line supplied by a SEPERATE foam concentrate PUMP connected to each discharge outlet. A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners B. around-the-pump proportioners C. installed in-line eductor proportioners D. variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioners

A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners

Do bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners features a foam concentrate line supplied by a seperate foam concentrate pump that is CONNECTED TO EACH DISCHARGE OUTLET? YES or NO

YES

On a bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners, the concentrate, drawn from the o_____ tank, is supplied at the s___ pressure as the water supplied by the main fire pump.

- onboard | - same

``` On a bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners, the concentrate, drawn from the onboard tank, is supplied at the same pressure as the water supplied by the main fire pump. The pressures of each is monitored by a _______ pressure control valve that ensures a proper balance. A. air controlled B. electronic C. hydraulic D. all of the above ```

C. hydraulic

``` The WHAT of the foam concentrate line on a bypass-type balanced pressure proportioner is adjustable at the point where it connects to the discharge line? A. opening B. orifice C. lining D. inside ```

B. orifice

``` The orifice of the foam concentrate line on a bypass-type balanced pressure proportioner is adjustable at the point where it connects to the ______ line? A. inlet B. backup C. check D. discharge ```

D. discharge

The orifice of the foam concentrate line on a bypass-type balanced pressure proportioner is adjustable at the point where it connects to the discharge line. The orifice is set to reflect the _____(gpm/percent?) desired for a particular application.

-percent

``` Because the water and foam concentrate are supplied at the same pressure AND the size of the discharges are proportional, the foam is ___________ correctly in a bypass-type balanced pressure proportioner. A. proportioned B. distributed C. discharged D. created ```

A. proportioned

Are bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners limited in their system because the FOAM pump needs a PTO or other means of power? YES or NO

YES

``` What might cause heating, turbulence, or aeration (bubbling) in the onboard storage tank of a bypass-type balanced pressure proportioner? A. turning the pump off B. closing a hoseline C. the bypass of concentrate D. running the pump too long ```

C. the bypass of concentrate

Variable-flow variable-rate direct injection fixed proportioners generally operate off power supplied by the apparatus e______ system.

electrical

Variable-flow variable-rate direct injection fixed proportioners generally operate off power supplied by the apparatus electrical system. ALTHOUGH, some LARGER units may use a combo of e_____ and h_____ power.

- electric | - hydraulic

In what type of apparatus mounted foam proportioner is the foam concentrate ratio controlled by the speed of a POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT foam concentrate pump that injects foam concentrate into the water flow? A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners B. around-the-pump proportioners C. installed in-line eductor proportioners D. variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioners

D. variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioners

``` No flow restricting devices are equipped in the proportioning system of the variable-flow variable-rate direct injection because water flow ______ the foam concentrate injection, enabling ____ flow through the water pump. A. pushes, full B. moves, less C. governs, full D. injects, constant ```

C. governs, full

``` Variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioners proportion foam at rates from __ to __ %. A. 0.1 to 10 B. 0.1 to 3 C. 3 to 10 D. 0.5 to 7 ```

B. 0.1 to 3

Control units feature a display that monitors the current water or foam solution flow rate, the total amount of water or solution flowed as well as the amount of foam concentrate used in real time in which mounted foam proportioning system? A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners B. around-the-pump proportioners C. installed in-line eductor proportioners D. variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioners

D. variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioners

Can you employ ALL Class A foams on a variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioner? YES OR NO

YES

Can you employ ALL Class B foams on a variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioner? YES OR NO

NO, not all but many

``` Due to the viscous (thick) nature of WHAT type of foam concentrate makes it unusable in a variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioners? A. AFFF B. FFFP C. fluoroprotein D. alcohol resistant ```

D. alcohol resistant

The concentrate is supplied from atmospheric pressure foam tanks on the apparatus. What type of apparatus mounted proportioner am I? A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners B. around-the-pump proportioners C. installed in-line eductor proportioners D. variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioners

D. variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioners

Within the design limits of the equipment, variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioners offer the ability to proportion any f___ rate or p_______.

- flow | - pressure

The variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioner system is able to adjust to changes in water flow as nozzles are ___ or ____.

- open | - shut

With the variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioner system, nozzles may be operated either above or below the pump WITHOUT adversely affecting foam proportioning. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

Are variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioner system compatible with high energy foam systems? YES or NO

YES

If foam is flowing to a manifold then to a discharge within a variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioner system, can water be flowed to another discharge connected to that manifold? YES or NO

``` A drawback to the variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioner system is that the foam injection point must be within the piping before any distribution to _________, or mutiple pump discharges. (if foam is being discharged, only foam may be discharged out of other discharges plumbed to that manifold) A. inlets B. hoses C. manifolds D. all of the above ```

C. manifolds

Does a variable-flow variable-rate direct injection proportioner system automatically monitor the operation of the hoselines and maintain a consistent quality of foam solution? YES or NO

YES

What is another name for variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioning systems?

pumped/demand system

What apparatus mounted proportioning system consists of a variable speed mechanism driven electrically or hydraulically, that operates a foam concentrate pump? A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners B. around-the-pump proportioners C. installed in-line eductor proportioners D. variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioners

D. variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioners

``` variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioners consists of a variable speed mechanism driven electrically or hydraulically, that operates a foam concentrate pump. The foam concentration pump supplies a ______-type proportioning device attached to a water line. A. water B. wetting C. electric D. venturi ```

D. venturi

During operation of a variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioner, the foam concentrate pump is m__________ so that its flow is appropriate for the flow of water, producing an effective foam solution.

monitored

``` An advantage to the variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioner is the fact that the flow of ________ matches the pressure demands. A. water B. concentrate C. solution D. pressure ```

B. concentrate

An advantage to the variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioner is the fact that the flow of concentrate matches the pressure demands. There is no re________ of product back to the foam concentrate t___.

- recirculation | - tank

An advantage to the variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioner is the fact that the system is maintained in a ready to pump condition. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

An advantage to the variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioner is the fact that the system is maintained in a ready to pump condition and requires no _______ after use.

flushing

Can water and foam solution be discharged simultaneously from any number of outlets, up to the rated capacity of the pump on a variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioner? YES or NO

YES

Are variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioners used in both fixed and mobile applications? YES or NO

YES

``` Where are ratio controllers installed on a variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioner? A. in the discharges B. in the inlets C. on the control panel D. all the above ```

A. in the discharges

``` Ratio controllers are installed on variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioner in the discharges, reducing the discharge _____, resulting in pressure drops more severe than those of ___________ fire department pumpers. A. area, industrial B. orifice, rural C. area, standard D. clapper, all ```

C. area, standard

What is the simplest method of proportioning foam? (apparatus mounted proportioning) A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners B. batch mixing C. installed in-line eductor proportioners D. variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioners

B. batch mixing

At the time that the foam is needed, the driver pours the approximate amount of foam concentrate required for a given amount of water into the top fill opening of the tank. What am I? (apparatus mounted proportioning)

batch mixing

The s____ of the water tank and the desired proportioning p______ indicates the quantity of concentrate that must be poured into the tank for batch mixing.

- size | - percentage

Generally, batch mixing is only used with Class _ foam and REGULAR _ _ _ _ concentrates (not alcohol resistant.)

- A | - AFFF

Due to Class A foam solution NOT retaining their foaming properties when mixed for more than 24-hours, pre-____ is virtually impossible.

mixing

Due to Class A foam solution NOT retaining their foaming properties when mixed for more than __-hours, pre-mixing is virtually impossible.

Regular _ _ _ _ concentrate mixes readily with water and will stay suspended in the solution for an extended period of time.

AFFF

When batch mixing AFFF concentrate, the driver should slowly c_______ the water in the tank to avoid f________(frothing/freezing?) and continue to do so for a short period of time to ensure mixing is complete.

- circulating | - frothing

``` When refilling a water tank after batch mixing, the foam residue leftover on the interior surface may cause THIS. A. corrosion B. slime C. frothing D. holes ```

C. frothing

Foam solutions from batch mixing act as cleansing agents, removing l_____ from pump seals.

lubricant

Foam solutions from batch mixing act as cleansing agents, removing lubricant from pump seals. To avoid this, drivers should thoroughly f____ out the tank and the p___ to remove foam.

- flush | - pump

``` Foam solutions from batch mixing act as cleansing agents, removing lubricant from pump seals. To avoid this, drivers should thoroughly flush out the tank and the pump to remove foam. Afterward, the driver should check the seals for proper ________. A. lubrication B. bonding C. seal D. none of the above ```

A. lubrication

Foam solutions from batch mixing act as cleansing agents, removing lubricant from pump seals. To avoid this, drivers should thoroughly flush out the tank and the pump to remove foam. Afterward, the driver should check the seals for proper lubrication. Failure to do so may result in difficulty p_____, p___ cavitation as well as inaccurate measurements of some g_____.

- priming - pump - gauges

``` Conduct flushing operations in accordance with WHAT supplied by the foam manufacturer. A. guidelines B. SDS C. manual D. all of the above ```

B. SDS

Batch mixing is used only if no other pro______ method is available. (must shut down to refill, hard to maintain correct ratios when refilling, entire tank is converted to foam)

proportioning

What kind of foam systems differ from other methods in that they introduce compressed air into the foam solution prior to discharging into the hose? A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners B. high energy foam generating system (CAFS) C. installed in-line eductor proportioners D. variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioners

B. high energy foam generating system (CAFS)

The WHAT created by the foam solution and air flowing through the piping and/or hoseline creates finished foam in a high energy foam generating system (CAFS)? (think shaking on an airplane!)

turbulance

``` The compressed air not only ______ the foam, but allows the stream of a high energy foam generating system (CAFS) to be _______ at greater distances than an ordinary foam or water stream. A. form, discharged B. pushes, generated C. compresses, discharge D. shakes, blown ```

A. form, discharge

``` In the mid-____, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management conducted research that resulted in the development of the type of HIGH energy Class A foam system that is now in common use on both wildland and structural fire apparatus across the US. A. 1960s B. 1970s C. 1980s D. 1990s ```

C. 1980s

``` In the mid-1980s, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management conducted research that resulted in the development of the type of HIGH energy Class _ foam system that is now in common use on both wildland and structural fire apparatus across the US. A. B B. F C. D D. A ```

D. A

What foam system features a compressed air foam system (CAFS) with a rotary air compressor and a standard centrifugal fire pump? A. bypass-type balanced pressure proportioners B. high energy foam generating system (CAFS) C. installed in-line eductor proportioners D. variable-flow demand-type balanced pressure proportioners

B. high energy foam generating system (CAFS)

High energy foam generating system (CAFS) features a compressed air foam system with a rotary air compressor and a standard centrifugal fire pump. A direct i________ foam proportioning system is attached to the d_______ side of the pump.

- injection | - discharge

High energy foam generating system (CAFS) features a compressed air foam system with a rotary air compressor and a standard centrifugal fire pump. A direct injection foam proportioning system is attached to the discharge side of the pump. Once the foam concentrate is mixed with w____ to form a foam solution, c_______ air is added to the mix before being discharged from the apparatus to the hoseline.

- water | - compressed

Tactical advantages of compressed air foam (high energy system) (CAFs): (5) - reach of the fire _____ is considerably longer than those of low energy - produce small uniform air ______ that are very durable - adheres to a fuel surface and resists ____ longer than low energy - _______ weigh less than when filled with plain water or low energy foam solutions - safer fire attack that allows an effective reach from _______ distances.

- stream - bubbles - heat - hoselines - greater

Limiting factors of CAFs (compressed air foam, high energy systems: (4) - _______ the purchase price and maintenance costs of new appratus - if foam solution is not supplied in sufficient quantities, ____ reaction may be erratic - if a hose burst, ________ air will intensify the reaction of the hoseline - __________ training for operation and conducting fire attack operations

- increases - hose - compressed - additional

Do most apparatus that use CAFs (compressed air foam, high energy systems) also flow plain water? YES or NO

YES

On the CAFs (compressed air foam, high energy systems), they are designed to flow foam only through pre_______ discharges, while other discharges are provided to flow ______ water.

- selected | - plain

``` CAFs (compressed air foam, high energy systems) apparatus use a centrifugal pump with an __________ discharge side proprotioning system. A. quick release B. automatic C. larger D. 2 inch ```

B. automatic

CAFs (compressed air foam, high energy systems) apparatus use a centrifugal pump with an automatic discharge side proprotioning system. Due to ___(low/high?) eduction rates, a variable flow rate sensing proportioner is required to supply the fire stream at the rate of 0.1 to 1.0%.

low

``` CAFs (compressed air foam, high energy systems) apparatus use a centrifugal pump with an automatic discharge side proprotioning system. Due to low eduction rates, a variable flow rate sensing proportioner is required to supply the fire stream at the rate of __ to __%. A. 0.1 to 1.0 B. 0.5 to 1.0 C. 0.3 to 0.7 D. 0.2 to 0.7 ```

A. 0.1 to 1.0

``` Generally, _ cubic feet per minute of airflow per gallon per minute of foam solution on a CAFs (compressed air foam, high energy systems) produces a fry foam of up to 100 gpm of foam solution. A. 7 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2 ```

D. 2

``` Generally, 2 cubic feet per minute of airflow per gallon per minute of foam solution on a CAFs (compressed air foam, high energy systems) produces a fry foam of up to ___ gpm of foam solution. A. 500 B. 600 C. 100 D. 50 ```

C. 100

``` Generally, 2 cubic feet per minute of airflow per gallon per minute of foam solution on a CAFs (compressed air foam, high energy systems) produces a fry foam of up to 100 gpm of foam solution. This creates a substantial amount of foam at a __:__ expansion ratio. A. 10:1 B. 15:1 C. 30:1 D. 1:1 ```

A. 10:1

``` Most wildland and structural operations conduct with CAFs (compressed air foam, high energy systems) use an airflow rate of ___ to __ ft³ of foam solution. A. 0.1 to 1.0 B. 0.5 to 1.0 C. 0.3 to 0.7 D. 0.2 to 0.7 ```

B. 0.5 to 1.0

Most wildland and structural operations conduct with CAFs (compressed air foam, high energy systems) use an airflow rate of 0.5 to 1.0 ft³ of foam solution. This allows adequate d_____ of solution from the blanket to wet the fuel and prevent re-i______ as well as controlling any smoldering from beneath the foam blanket.

- drainage | - ignition

With CAFs (compressed air foam, high energy systems), to protect the attack team when using Class A foam, nozzle flow rates should be the same or different than those for plain water?

same

``` when using this type of foam system, the aeration and discharge functions are completed by the aerating foam nozzle. (portable foam application devices) A. high energy B. medium energy C. low energy D. none of the above ```

C. low energy

Low expansion foams may be delivered by h_____ or m____ stream appliances. (portable foam application devices)

- handlines | - master

Can you use standard nozzles for application of ALL types of low expansion foam? YES or NO (portable foam application devices)

NO, only some

``` In order to achieve the most EFFICIENT application of low expansion foam, it is best to use a nozzles specifically WHAT to deliver the foam product in use. (portable foam application devices) A. designed B. favored C. easily found D. none of the above ```

A. designed

``` Foam nozzle eductors and SOME self -educting master stream foam NOZZLES may also be considered a WHAT foam nozzle? A. standard B. high expansion C. portable D. retractable ```

C. portable

The most common handline nozzles used for THIS application are smooth bore, fog and air-aspirating.

fog

``` What kind of foam can a smooth bore nozzle apply form a CAF? A. Class B B. Class R C. high expansion D. Class A ```

D. Class A

A smooth bore nozzle can only apply Class A foam using a CAF. This nozzle, using the CAF, provides an e______ stream with excellent reach _________

- effective | - capabilities

When using a smooth bore nozzle and a CAF, can the orifice be larger than ½ the hoseline? (like the rule for standard operations?) YES or NO

YES

To apply a low expansion, short duration foam blanket, you could use a fixed flow, selective flow or automatic WHAT nozzle.

fog

``` Fixed flow, selective flow or automatic fog nozzles break foam solution into WHAT while using agitation of water droplets moving through air to achieve the foaming action. A. streams B. parts C. droplets D. high expansion foam ```

C. droplets

Fog nozzles are effective in agitating water droplets and achieving a foaming action. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

``` Expansion ratios for most fog nozzles are in the _:1 up to _:1 range. A. 2, 4 B. 3, 6 C. 1, 2 D. 5, 6 ```

A. 2, 4

What kinds of foams do fog nozzles have the most effect while using? (2)

AFFF and Class A foam

Can you use alcohol resistant AFFF on hydrocarbon fires using a fog nozzle? YES OR NO

YES

Insufficient aspiration is created when using fluoroprotein foams and this nozzle.

fog

You should not use this nozzle for putting out polar solvants.

fog

Many manufacturers have designed foam a_____ attachments that may be added to the end of fog nozzles to i_______ aspiration of the foam solution.

- aeration | - increase

Air-aspirating foam nozzles induct air into the foam solution by a v_______ action.

venturi

``` What nozzle is the only nozzle that should be used with protein and fluoroprotein concentrates? A. high expansion B. air-aspirating foam nozzles C. master stream foam nozzles D. all of the above ```

B. air-aspirating foam nozzles

``` Air-aspirating foam nozzles can be used with Class A foam in what type of fire fighting applications? A. structure B. exposure protection C. wildland D. none of the above ```

C. wildland

Using an air-aspirating foam nozzles, since most of the stream's energy is used to introduce air, it is not able to reach as far as a s______ fog nozzle.

standard

``` What fog nozzle provides maximum expansion of protein and fluoroprotein concentrates? A. high expansion B. air-aspirating foam nozzles C. master stream foam nozzles D. all of the above ```

B. air-aspirating foam nozzles

``` What kind of fog nozzle might you use on large-scale flammable and combustible liquid fires? A. high expansion B. air-aspirating foam nozzles C. master stream foam nozzles D. all of the above ```

C. master stream foam nozzle

Like handlines, fixed flow OR automatic f___ master stream appliances may be used to deliver foam.

fog

Industrial foam pumpers and ARFF apparatus are often equipped with ae______ foam master stream nozzles.

aerating

AIR-ASPIRATING nozzles on master streams induct air into the foam for maximum expansion of foam. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

There are two basic types of medium and high-expansion foam generators: 1. w____ aspirating 2. mechanical b______

- water | - blower

``` What high expansion foam generator uses a fan to inject air into the foam solution as it passes through the unit? A. water aspirating B. fog nozzle C. mechanical blower D. centrifugal ```

C. mechanical blower

Water aspirating foam generators and mechanical blowers both produce foam that has a high WHAT content.

air

``` What is the air content for medium expansion foam? A. 10:1 to 20:1 B. 200:1 to 1000:1 C. 5:1 to 10:1 D. 20:1 to 200:1 ```

D. 20:1 to 200:1

``` What is the air content for HIGH expansion foam? A. 10:1 to 20:1 B. 200:1 to 1000:1 C. 5:1 to 10:1 D. 20:1 to 200:1 ```

B. 200:1 to 1000:1

Water aspirating devices for medium and high-expansion foam are similar to otherfoam producing nozzles except that they are considerably L______ and L_______.

larger and longer

Why is the back portion of a water aspirating device open?

airflow

Do water aspirating devices typically generate a lower or higher air volume foam product than a mechanical blower?

lower

``` What kind of spray is the foam solution first pumped through the nozzle of a aspirating device, mixing with air to foam a moderate expansion. A. fine spray B. large blast C. trickle D. all of the above ```

A. fine spray

A fine spray of foam solution is first pumped through the nozzle of a aspirating device, mixing with air to foam a moderate expansion. What does the end of the nozzle feature (1 or a series of) that break the foam and mix it with additional air?

screen/s

``` Mechanical blowers look very similar to an ordinary ______ ejector. A. water B. smoke C. air D. ice ```

B. smoke

The operating principles of the mechanical blower are the same as water aspirating devices, except the air is forced through the foam solution with WHAT instead of being pulled by water movement.

a fan

``` What high-expansion generating device produces foam containing a very high air content that is well suited for incidents requiring TOTAL FLOODING? A. water aspirating B. fog nozzle C. mechanical blower D. centrifugal ```

C. mechanical blower

Mechanical blowers are limited to medium expansion foam operations. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - only high expansion

What is a basic method of achieving foam delivery when placing a foam line into operation? A. using a fog master stream B. using handlines with air aspirating nozzles C. using a portable foam generator D. using in-line proportioner

D. using in-line proportioner

Causes for poor quality foam or lack of foam: | 1. No pickup of foam concentrate due to the in______ match of eductor and nozzle flow.

incorrect

Causes for poor quality foam or lack of foam: | 2.__ leaks at fitting may cause a loss of suction

air

Causes for poor quality foam or lack of foam: | 3. clogged pro__________ equipment

proportioning

Causes for poor quality foam or lack of foam: 4. p________ closed nozzle will result in a flow rate that will not allow the creation of the v_______ effect capable of picking up foam concentrate.

- partially | - venturi

Causes for poor quality foam or lack of foam: | 5. too ____ of an attack line on the discharge side of the eductor

long

Causes for poor quality foam or lack of foam: | 6. kinked ____

hose

Causes for poor quality foam or lack of foam: | 7. nozzles placed too far a___ the eductor, resulting in excessive elevation pressure

above

Causes for poor quality foam or lack of foam: 8. Different manufacturers foam concentrates should ___ be mixed together as they may be ch________ incompatible. (except mil-spec)

- NOT | - chemically

Causes for poor quality foam or lack of foam: | 9. ineffective foam or no foam might be produced if you mix different C_____ of foam.

classes

Working guidelines for operation use of foam and foam equipment can be provided by using the combo of department policies and WHIS recommendations?

manufacturers

What are direct-application method, roll-on method, bank-down method and rain-down method describing?

foam application techniques

Many storage or I_______ facilities feature fixed discharge methods for foam application.

industrial

What class of foam would you use the direct application method of foam?

class A

``` What type of foam application technique consists of applying finished foam directly onto the burning material (CLASS A foam)? A. direct-application method B. roll-on method C. bank-down method D. rain-down method ```

A. direct-application method

``` What method of foam application techniques would use the same procedure as direct attack using plain water, yet is usually more effective due to Class A foam's enhanced extinguishing capabilities? A. direct-application method B. roll-on method C. bank-down method D. rain-down method ```

A. direct-application method

What class of foam would you use for the roll-on method?

Class B

``` What type of foam application technique consists of directing a foam fire stream on the ground near the front edge of a burning liquid spill. The foam will then roll across the surface of the fuel (using Class B foam)? A. direct-application method B. roll-on method C. bank-down method D. rain-down method ```

B. roll-on method

Application using the roll-on method should continue until it spreads across the e_____ surface of the fuel and fire is completely e_________ OR the v____ are suppressed.

- entire - extinguished - vapors

``` To insure the entire surface of the spill is adequately covered, FF may have to do WHAT to the stream? A. close it partially B. set it on the ground C. re-position D. close it completely ```

C. re-position

``` What type of foam application technique is effective for use only on a pool of liquid fuel on the open ground? A. direct-application method B. roll-on method C. bank-down method D. rain-down method ```

B. roll-on method

What class of foam would you use for the bank-down method?

Class B

``` What type of foam application technique would be used when a vertical surface is near or within a pool of ignitable liquid? A. direct-application method B. roll-on method C. bank-down method D. rain-down method ```

C. bank-down method

``` What type of foam application technique would you direct foam onto the vertical surface and allow it to run down and spread across the pooled fuel product? A. direct-application method B. roll-on method C. bank-down method D. rain-down method ```

C. bank-down method

``` When the elevation of a fuel is above grade, what type of foam application technique would you use? A. direct-application method B. roll-on method C. bank-down method D. rain-down method ```

D. rain-down method

``` What is the most common method of applying foam for aboveground storage tank fires? A. direct-application method B. roll-on method C. bank-down method D. rain-down method ```

D. rain-down method

What class of foam would you use for the rain-down method?

Class B

When using the rain-down method of foam application, Class B foam fire streams are directed into the ___ above the fire, allowing the foam to gently ____ down on the surface of the fuel.

- air | - rain

What must the firefighters operating attack lines using the rain-down method do after they position in reach of a fuel fire, with the stream raining down? Until completely WHAT?

- sweep back and forth across the surface | - covered and extinguished

The severity of impact of finished foam after application on the environment is based on the _______ and type of Class _ or _ solution.

- concentrate | - A or B

``` What is determined by the rate at which natural bacteria can degrade foam? A. bio-degradability B. expansion rates C. Class type D. all of the above ```

A. bio-degradability

The process of decomposition results in the consumption of o_______.

oxygen

When foam solutions make its way to natural water sources, the reduction of oxygen may result in the destruction of v______ and aq_____ life.

- vegetation | - aquatic

Studies by the U.S. Forest Service have shown that the release of Class _ foam into bodies of water can be lethal to fish.

Environmental impact of Class A foams can be found in what NFPA standard?

NFPA 1150, Standard on Foam Chemicals for Fire in Class A fuels

Environmental impact of Class A foams can be found in: A. NFPA 1150, Standard on Foam Chemicals for Fire in Class A fuels B. IFSTA C. manufacturers safety data sheets D. both A and C

D. both A and C NFPA 1150, Standard on Foam Chemicals for Fire in Class A fuels and manufacturers safety data sheets

``` What are gelling agents, fire blocking gels and aqueous fire fighting gels? A. environmental agents B. durable agents C. fast acting agents D. all of the above ```

B. durable agents

``` Other additives that are currently available for use as extinguishing as well as pre-treatment of structures threatened by fire spread are.... A. environmental agents B. durable agents C. fast acting agents D. all of the above ```

B. durable agents

``` What product retains their fire retarding properties longer than Class A foam? A. environmental agents B. durable agents C. fast acting agents D. all of the above ```

B. durable agents

Do you use durable agents in the same manner as Class A foam? YES or NO

YES

Are durable agents and Class A foams structurally and chemically quite the same? YES or NO

NO, quite different

Chemically, what is a water absorbent polymer opposed to hydrocarbon based surfactants like Class A foam?

durable agents

When mixed with water, durable agents form small bubbles filled with WHAT?

water

Are durable agents nontoxic and biodegradable and pose no adverse environmental impact? YES or NO

YES

``` Surfaces coated with durable agents become WHAT? A. sticky B. gravely C. very dry D. slippery ```

D. slippery

What is considerably more expensive? Class A foam or durable agents

durable agents

Durable agents can be siphoned from a container with an e______ or batch m____ in a tank.

- eductor | - mixed

_______ agents re applied for extinguishment, fire line construction or structure protection through any STANDARD handline nozzle or master stream device.

durable

Can you use durable agents through standard handline nozzles and master stream devices? YES or NO

YES

Can durable agents be air dropped via tanker or helicopter? YES or NO

YES

``` As an extinguishing agent, durable agents have a standard application ratio of 1:___. A. 50 B. 100 C. 25 D. 150 ```

B. 100 (once percent solution in water)

``` When used on a fire line, durable agents have a standard application ratio of __ to __ percent. A. 1½ to 3 B. 3 to 5 C. 1 to 3 D. 1½ to 2 ```

D. 1½ to 2 (1½:100 to 2:100)

``` When used on a structure fire, durable agents have a standard application ratio of __ to __ percent. A. 1½ to 3 B. 3 to 5 C. 2 to 3 D. 1½ to 2 ```

C. 2 to 3 (2:100 to 3:100)

Durable agents will adhere to vertical structural surfaces for up to __ hours.

``` What can you do to durable agents by using a fine water mist that will extend its protection to several days? A. rehydrate B. reapply C. spray off D. none of the above ```

A. rehydrate

ho must establish, maintain, troubleshoot and restore the foam system to a proper state of readiness?

driver/operator

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Chapter 14 - Foam Equipment and Systems Flashcards

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM