Chapter 9 Vocabulary Flashcards
Adenosine triosphate: abbreviated ATP
the substance that provides energy to the cells and converts oxygen to carbon dioxide.
Amino acid
organic acids that form the building block of protein.
Atherosclerosis
clogging and hardening of the arteries.
B Vitamins
these water soluble vitamins interact with other water soluble vitamins and act as coenzymes by facilitating enzymatic reactions.
Bioflavonoids
considered an aid to healthy skin and found most abundantly in citrus fruits.
biologically active flavonoids; called vitamin P.
Calories
a measure of heat units; measures food energy for the body.
Carbohydrates
compounds that break down the basic chemical sugars and supply energy for the body.
Cholesterol
a waxy substance found in your body that is needed to produce hormones.
Complementary foods
combinations of two incomplete foods; complementary proteins eaten together provide all the essential amino acids and make a complete protein.
Disaccharides
sugars made up of two simple sugars such as lactose and sucrose
Enzymes
catalysts that break down complex food molecules to utilize extracted energy.
Fats: known as lipids
macronutrients used to produce energy in the body; the materials in the sebaceous glands that lubricate the skin.
Fortified
a vitamin has been added to a food product
Glycosaminoglycans
a water binding substance between the fibers of the dermis.
Hypoglycemia
a condition in which blood glucose or blood sugar drops too low;
Linoleic acid
essential fatty acid used to make important hormones; part of skins lipid barrier.
omega-6
Macronutrients
nutrients that make up the largest part of the nutrition we take in; the three basic food groups; protein, carbohydrates, and fats
Micronutrients
vitamins and substances that have no calories or nutritional, yet are essential for body functions.
Minerals
inorganic materials required for many reactions of the cells and body.
Monosaccharides
carbohydrates made up of one basic sugar unit.
Mucopolysacchrides
carbohydrate lipid complexes that are also good water binders.
Nonessential amino acids
amino acids that can be synthesized by the body and do not have to be obtained from the diet.
Omega - 3 fatty acids
alpha linoleic acid: a type of “good” polyunsaturated fat that may decrease cardiovascular diseases.
Osteoporosis
a thinning of bones leaving the fragile and prone to fractures; caused by re-absorption of calcium into the blood.
Polysaccharides
carbohydrates that contain three or more simple carbohydrate molecules.
Proteins
chains of amino acid molecules used in all cell functions and body growth.
Retinoic acid: also known as Retin-A
vitamin A derivative that has demonstrated an ability to alter collagen synthesis and is used to treat acne and visible signs of aging.
Tretinoin: transretinoic acid
a derivative of Vitamin A used for collagen synthesis hyperpigmentation and acne
Vitamin A: known as retinol
an antioxidant that aids in the functioning and repair of cells.
Vitamin C
known as absorbic acid; an antioxidant vitamin needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues; promotes the production of collagen.
Vitamin D
fat soluble vitamin sometimes called the sunshine vitamin, because the skin synthesizes vitamin D from cholesterol when exposed to sunlight. Essential for growth development.
Vitamin E
known as tocopherol; primarily an antioxidant; helps protect the skin from harmful effects of the suns rays.
Vitamin K
vitamin responsible for the synthesis of factors necessary for blood coagulation.
