Chapter 9 Vocabulary

Question 1

Adenosine triosphate: abbreviated ATP

Answer 1

the substance that provides energy to the cells and converts oxygen to carbon dioxide.

Question 2

Amino acid

Answer 2

organic acids that form the building block of protein.

Question 3

Atherosclerosis

Answer 3

clogging and hardening of the arteries.

Question 4

B Vitamins

Answer 4

these water soluble vitamins interact with other water soluble vitamins and act as coenzymes by facilitating enzymatic reactions.

Question 5

Bioflavonoids

Answer 5

considered an aid to healthy skin and found most abundantly in citrus fruits.

biologically active flavonoids; called vitamin P.

Question 6

Calories

Answer 6

a measure of heat units; measures food energy for the body.

Question 7

Carbohydrates

Answer 7

compounds that break down the basic chemical sugars and supply energy for the body.

Question 8

Cholesterol

Answer 8

a waxy substance found in your body that is needed to produce hormones.

Question 9

Complementary foods

Answer 9

combinations of two incomplete foods; complementary proteins eaten together provide all the essential amino acids and make a complete protein.

Question 10

Disaccharides

Answer 10

sugars made up of two simple sugars such as lactose and sucrose

Question 11

Enzymes

Answer 11

catalysts that break down complex food molecules to utilize extracted energy.

Question 12

Fats: known as lipids

Answer 12

macronutrients used to produce energy in the body; the materials in the sebaceous glands that lubricate the skin.

Question 13

Fortified

Answer 13

a vitamin has been added to a food product

Question 14

Glycosaminoglycans

Answer 14

a water binding substance between the fibers of the dermis.

Question 15

Hypoglycemia

Answer 15

a condition in which blood glucose or blood sugar drops too low;

Question 16

Linoleic acid

Answer 16

essential fatty acid used to make important hormones; part of skins lipid barrier.

omega-6

Question 17

Macronutrients

Answer 17

nutrients that make up the largest part of the nutrition we take in; the three basic food groups; protein, carbohydrates, and fats

Question 18

Micronutrients

Answer 18

vitamins and substances that have no calories or nutritional, yet are essential for body functions.

Question 19

Minerals

Answer 19

inorganic materials required for many reactions of the cells and body.

Question 20

Monosaccharides

Answer 20

carbohydrates made up of one basic sugar unit.

Question 21

Mucopolysacchrides

Answer 21

carbohydrate lipid complexes that are also good water binders.

Question 22

Nonessential amino acids

Answer 22

amino acids that can be synthesized by the body and do not have to be obtained from the diet.

Question 23

Omega - 3 fatty acids

Answer 23

alpha linoleic acid: a type of “good” polyunsaturated fat that may decrease cardiovascular diseases.

Question 24

Osteoporosis

Answer 24

a thinning of bones leaving the fragile and prone to fractures; caused by re-absorption of calcium into the blood.

Question 25

Polysaccharides

Answer 25

carbohydrates that contain three or more simple carbohydrate molecules.

Question 26

Proteins

Answer 26

chains of amino acid molecules used in all cell functions and body growth.

Question 27

Retinoic acid: also known as Retin-A

Answer 27

vitamin A derivative that has demonstrated an ability to alter collagen synthesis and is used to treat acne and visible signs of aging.

Question 28

Tretinoin: transretinoic acid

Answer 28

a derivative of Vitamin A used for collagen synthesis hyperpigmentation and acne

Question 29

Vitamin A: known as retinol

Answer 29

an antioxidant that aids in the functioning and repair of cells.

Question 30

Vitamin C

Answer 30

known as absorbic acid; an antioxidant vitamin needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues; promotes the production of collagen.

Question 31

Vitamin D

Answer 31

fat soluble vitamin sometimes called the sunshine vitamin, because the skin synthesizes vitamin D from cholesterol when exposed to sunlight. Essential for growth development.

Question 32

Vitamin E

Answer 32

known as tocopherol; primarily an antioxidant; helps protect the skin from harmful effects of the suns rays.

Question 33

Vitamin K

Answer 33

vitamin responsible for the synthesis of factors necessary for blood coagulation.