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Milady standard Fundamentals Esthetics Exam Review Book > Chapter 10 vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 10 vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Coiled structures attached to hair follicles in the underarm and genital areas that secrete sweat

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2
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

Small involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh when the appendage contracts, sometimes called goosebumps and papillae

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3
Q

Barrier function: Protects the epidermis

A

the corneum and intercellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration

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4
Q

Ceramides

A

Glycolipid materials that are a natural part of the skins intercellular matrix and barrier function

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5
Q

Collagen: Fibrous

A

Connective tissue made from protein; gives skin its firmness.

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6
Q

Corneocytes: Stratum corneum cell

A

These dead protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei.

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7
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Membranes of ridges and grooves that attached to the epidermis; contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to skin and follicles

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8
Q

Dermis

A

Derma, corium, cutis, & true skin; support layer of connective tissue, collagen, and elastin below the epidermis.

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9
Q

Desmosomes

A

Structure of holding cells together; intercellular connections made of proteins

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10
Q

Eccrine glands

A

Sweat glands found all over the body with opening on the skin’s surface through pores; not attached to the hair follicles, secretion do not produce an offensive odor

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11
Q

Elastin: Protein fiber found in the dermis

A

gives its elasticity and firmness

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12
Q

Epidermal growth factor: EFG

A

stimulates cells to reproduce and heal

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13
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer of skin; a thin protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings. 5 layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum

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14
Q

Eumelanin

A

A type of melanin that is dark brown or black. Two types of melanin: eumelanin & pheomelanin

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15
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Cells that stimulates cells, collagen, and amino acids that form proteins

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16
Q

Follicles

A

Hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are tube like opening in the epidermis

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17
Q

Glycation

A

Caused by an elevation in blood sugar, glycation is the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged, non functioning structures, known as Advanced Glycation End products. Glycation alters protein structures and decreases biological activity

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18
Q

Hair papillae

A

Cone shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb. The papillae filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment

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19
Q

Hyaluronic acid

A

Hydrating fluids found in the skin; hydrophilic agent with water binding properties

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20
Q

Hydrolipidic

A

Hydrolipidic film is an oil water balance that protects the skin’s surface

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21
Q

Intercellular matrix

A

Lipid substances between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation

22
Q

Keratin

A

Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair, and nail; provides resiliency and protection

23
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins

24
Q

Langerhans immune cells

A

Guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized forgeign invaders, such as bacteria, and the process these antigens for removal through the lymph system

25
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites. These white blood cells also respond to allergies

26
Q

Lymph vessels: Located in the dermis

A

these supply nourishment within the skin and removes waste product

27
Q

Melanin

A

Tiny grains of pigment that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis. It determines the color of ur hair, ees, skin color and ur protection from the sun

28
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer

29
Q

Melanosomes

A

Pigment carrying granules that produce melanin, a complex protein

30
Q

Papillary layer

A

Top layer of the dermis next to epidermis

31
Q

Pheomelanin

A

A type of melanin with red and yellow color. People with light colored skin mostly produce pheomelanin.

32
Q

Pores

A

Tube like opening for sweat glands on the epidermis

33
Q

Reticular layer

A

Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels etc.

34
Q

Rosacea

A

Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing redness. Some cases, it forms papules and pustules

35
Q

Sebaceous glands: Oil glands

A

protect the surface of the skin. They connect to follicles

36
Q

Sebum

A

Oil that provides protection for the epidermis and lubricates the skin and hair.

37
Q

Stratum corneum: Horny layer

A

outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of corneocytes

38
Q

Stratum germinativum: Basal cell layer

A

active layer of the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis; cell mitosis takes place here that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible of growth

39
Q

Stratum granulosum: Granular layer

A

layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resembles granules; replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum

40
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Clear transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum; thickest on the palms of hands and soles of feet

41
Q

Stratum spinosum: Spiny layer

A

layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum basal layer containing desmosomes, the intercellular connections made of proteins

42
Q

Subcutaneous layer: Hypodermis

A

subcutaneous adipose tissue located beneath the dermis; a protective cushion and energy storage of the body

43
Q

Subcutis tissue: Adipose tissue

A

fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin

44
Q

Sudoriferous glands: Sweat glands

A

secretes perspiration, regulate body temperature and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals

45
Q

T-cells

A

Identify molecules that have foreign and also help regulate immune response

46
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended, blood vessels, commonly called couperose skin

47
Q

Transepidermal water loss: TEWL

A

water loss caused by evaporation on the skin’s surface

48
Q

Tyrosinase

A

The enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produce melanin

49
Q

UVA radiation: Aging rays

A

longer wavelengths ranging between 320-400 nanometers that penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB. UVA contributes up to 85 percent of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation

50
Q

UVB radiation: Burning rays

A

UVB wavelengths ranging from 290-320 nanometers. UVB rays have shorter, burning wavelengths that are stronger and more damaging than UVA. UVB causes : tanning, aging and cancer

Milady standard Fundamentals Esthetics Exam Review Book (43 decks)

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