Chapter 10 vocabulary Flashcards
Apocrine glands
Coiled structures attached to hair follicles in the underarm and genital areas that secrete sweat
Arrector pili muscle
Small involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh when the appendage contracts, sometimes called goosebumps and papillae
Barrier function: Protects the epidermis
the corneum and intercellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration
Ceramides
Glycolipid materials that are a natural part of the skins intercellular matrix and barrier function
Collagen: Fibrous
Connective tissue made from protein; gives skin its firmness.
Corneocytes: Stratum corneum cell
These dead protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei.
Dermal papillae
Membranes of ridges and grooves that attached to the epidermis; contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to skin and follicles
Dermis
Derma, corium, cutis, & true skin; support layer of connective tissue, collagen, and elastin below the epidermis.
Desmosomes
Structure of holding cells together; intercellular connections made of proteins
Eccrine glands
Sweat glands found all over the body with opening on the skin’s surface through pores; not attached to the hair follicles, secretion do not produce an offensive odor
Elastin: Protein fiber found in the dermis
gives its elasticity and firmness
Epidermal growth factor: EFG
stimulates cells to reproduce and heal
Epidermis
Outermost layer of skin; a thin protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings. 5 layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum germinativum
Eumelanin
A type of melanin that is dark brown or black. Two types of melanin: eumelanin & pheomelanin
Fibroblasts
Cells that stimulates cells, collagen, and amino acids that form proteins
Follicles
Hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are tube like opening in the epidermis
Glycation
Caused by an elevation in blood sugar, glycation is the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged, non functioning structures, known as Advanced Glycation End products. Glycation alters protein structures and decreases biological activity
Hair papillae
Cone shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb. The papillae filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment
Hyaluronic acid
Hydrating fluids found in the skin; hydrophilic agent with water binding properties
Hydrolipidic
Hydrolipidic film is an oil water balance that protects the skin’s surface
Intercellular matrix
Lipid substances between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation
Keratin
Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair, and nail; provides resiliency and protection
Keratinocytes
Epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins
Langerhans immune cells
Guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized forgeign invaders, such as bacteria, and the process these antigens for removal through the lymph system
Leukocytes
White blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites. These white blood cells also respond to allergies
Lymph vessels: Located in the dermis
these supply nourishment within the skin and removes waste product
Melanin
Tiny grains of pigment that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis. It determines the color of ur hair, ees, skin color and ur protection from the sun
Melanocytes
Cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer
Melanosomes
Pigment carrying granules that produce melanin, a complex protein
Papillary layer
Top layer of the dermis next to epidermis
Pheomelanin
A type of melanin with red and yellow color. People with light colored skin mostly produce pheomelanin.
Pores
Tube like opening for sweat glands on the epidermis
Reticular layer
Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels etc.
Rosacea
Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing redness. Some cases, it forms papules and pustules
Sebaceous glands: Oil glands
protect the surface of the skin. They connect to follicles
Sebum
Oil that provides protection for the epidermis and lubricates the skin and hair.
Stratum corneum: Horny layer
outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of corneocytes
Stratum germinativum: Basal cell layer
active layer of the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis; cell mitosis takes place here that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible of growth
Stratum granulosum: Granular layer
layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resembles granules; replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Clear transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum; thickest on the palms of hands and soles of feet
Stratum spinosum: Spiny layer
layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum basal layer containing desmosomes, the intercellular connections made of proteins
Subcutaneous layer: Hypodermis
subcutaneous adipose tissue located beneath the dermis; a protective cushion and energy storage of the body
Subcutis tissue: Adipose tissue
fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin
Sudoriferous glands: Sweat glands
secretes perspiration, regulate body temperature and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals
T-cells
Identify molecules that have foreign and also help regulate immune response
Telangiectasia
Capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended, blood vessels, commonly called couperose skin
Transepidermal water loss: TEWL
water loss caused by evaporation on the skin’s surface
Tyrosinase
The enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produce melanin
UVA radiation: Aging rays
longer wavelengths ranging between 320-400 nanometers that penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB. UVA contributes up to 85 percent of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation
UVB radiation: Burning rays
UVB wavelengths ranging from 290-320 nanometers. UVB rays have shorter, burning wavelengths that are stronger and more damaging than UVA. UVB causes : tanning, aging and cancer
