7) Basics of Chemistry Flashcards
What has physical properties that we can see, smell, taste, and touch?
Matter
What causes oxidation?
Addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen
What is an Ion?
Atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge
What is an atom with a positive electrical charge?
Cation
What is an ion with a negative charge?
Anion
What does the term miscible mean?
Capable of being mixed
What is united with the aid of an emulsifier to create an emulsion?
Two or more immiscible substances
What is a solution?
Uniform mixture of two or more mutually miscible substances
What is air?
Gaseous mixture that makes up the Earths atmosphere
What is true liquid?
It is matter with fixed volume but no definite shape
What is NOT true of atoms?
All atoms are identical
What is true oxygen?
It is the most abundant element on Earth
What is true water?
It is the most abundant of all substances on Earth
What is true of elements?
Elements are the simplest form of matter
What is light a form of?
Energy
What is true of each of the approximately 90 naturally occurring elements?
Each has its own distinctive physical and chemical properties
What term refers to molecules that contain two or more atoms of the same element?
Element molecules
What businesses primarily use oil-in-water emulations?
Salons and Spas
What is true of moisturizers?
It is oil-in-water emulsion
What is a difference between water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions and oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions?
W/O emulsions are greasier
What are most skin care products?
Emulsions of oil and water
What term means “water-loving”?
Hydrophilic
What term means “oil–loving”?
Lipophilic
How much of the air is made up of nitrogen?
Four-fifths
What is the science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions?
Chemistry
What are two branches of chemistry?
Organic & Inorganic
What element is absent from compounds studied in inorganic chemistry?
Carbon
What is the study of substances that contain carbon?
Organic chemistry
What element is found in all living things, whether they are plants or animals?
Carbon
What is any substance that is dissolved by a solvent to form a solutions?
Solute
What do antioxidants prevent by neutralizing free radicals?
Oxidation
What type of neutralization reaction forms water and salt?
Acid-alkali
What is the natural PH of the skin?
5.5
What terms refers to substances with a pH below 7.0?
Acids
What are substances with a pH above 7.0?
Alkalis
What type of substance has a pH level of 7.0?
Neutral
What are suspensions?
Unstable mixtures of two or more immiscible
What is reduction?
Loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen
What is the term that refers to matter in its three physical forms (liquids, solid, gas)?
State of matter
How much of the Earths surface, approximately, is water?
75%
