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Psychology > chapter 9 vocab > Flashcards

chapter 9 vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

achievement motivation

A

need to master difficult challenges to outperform others and to meet high standards of excellence

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2
Q

affective forecasting

A

efforts to predict one’s emotional reactions to future goals

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3
Q

anorexia

A

eating disorder in which a person (young female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet still feelings fat, continues to starve

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4
Q

approach-approach conflict

A

conflict situation in which a choice must be made between 2 attractive goals

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5
Q

approach-avoidance conflict

A

conflict situation in which a choice must be made about whether to pursue a single goal that has both attractive and unattractive aspects

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6
Q

arousal theory

A

theory stating that individuals are motivated to perform behaviors in order to maintain an optimal arousal level (moderate)

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7
Q

avoidance-avoidance conflict

A

conflict situation in which a choice must be made between 2 unattractive goals

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8
Q

bulimia

A

eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating (high calorie) following by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, excessive exercise

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9
Q

cannon-bard theory of emotion

A

an emotion-arousing simultaneously triggers 1) physiological response and 2) the subjective experience of emotion

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10
Q

catharsis

A

emotional release, “releasing” aggressive energy (through action/fantasy) relieves aggressive urges

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11
Q

coronary heart disease

A

clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; leading cause of death in North America

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12
Q

display rules

A

cultural norms that regulate the appropriate expressions of emotions

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13
Q

drive

A

internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce the tensions

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14
Q

drive reduction theory

A

idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

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15
Q

emotion

A

a subjective conscious experience accompanied by bodily arousal and characteristic overt expression

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16
Q

estrogens

A

sex hormones, like estradril, secreted in greater amounts by female then by males and contributing to female sex characteristics

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17
Q

facial feedback effect

A

the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger/happy intensifies those feelings

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17
Q

extrinsic motivators

A

motivation driven by external reward/punishment

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18
Q

glucose

A

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues

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19
Q

health psychology

A

branch of psychology that investigates the psychological factors related to wellness and illness

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19
Q

feel good do good phenomenon

A

people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

19
Q

general adaptation syndrome

A

selye’s model of the body’s stress response, consisting of three stages, alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

20
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency to maintain a balanced/constant internal state, regulation of any aspect of body chemistry

20
Q

incentives

A

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

21
Q

intrinsic motivators

A

motivation to complete a behavior because it is internally satisfying to the person

21
Q

instincts

A

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

22
Q

lymphocyte

A

2 types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system

22
Q

james-lang theory of emotion

A

our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological response to emotion-arousing stimuli

23
Q

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs, then psychological needs become active

23
Q

motivation

A

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

24
Q

need

A

internal desire or deficiency that can motivate behavior

25
Q

obesity

A

condition of being overweight

26
Q

opponent-process theory of motivation

A

one emotions elicits a feeling of the opposite emotion

27
Q

lymphocyte

A

2 white blood cells that is part of the immune system

27
Q

parent investemnt

A

what each sex invests-terms of energy, time, survival risk and forgone opportunities to produce and nurture offspring

27
Q

primary drives

A

innate needs that are found in all humans and animals, vital to survival

27
Q

polygraph

A

device that records autonomic fluctuations while a subject is questioned, in an effort to determine whether the subject is telling the truth

28
Q

psychoneuroimmunology

A

the study of how psychological, neural and endocrine process together affect the immune system and resulting health

28
Q

refractory period

A

resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

29
Q

secondary drives

A

determined by social factors, money, pride, hunger, social approval

29
Q

self actualization

A

concept regarding the process by which an individual reaches his/her full potential

29
Q

psycho-physiological illness

A

literally “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, hypertensions and some headaches

30
Q

set point

A

the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set, when body falls below this weight, increase in hunger and lower metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight

30
Q

sexual dysfunction

A

problems with sexual arousal and/ or psychological changes, may cause emotional distress

31
Q

sexual orientation

A

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either own’s sex (homosexual) or the other sex (heterosexual)

31
Q

sexual response cycle

A

the 4 stages of sexual responding by masters and johnson–excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

31
Q

subjective well-being

A

self-perceived happiness/satisfaction with life

32
Q

stress

A

process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors that we appraise as threatening challenging

33
Q

two factor theory

A

schachter-singer, to experience emotion one must be 1) physically aroused and 2) cognitively label the arousal

33
Q

testosterone

A

most important of the male sex hormones, stimulates the growth of male sex organs in the fetus and development of male sex characteristics during puberty

33
Q

yerkes-dodson law

A

optimal level of arousal for peak performances, higher arousal=simple task, moderate arousal=complex tasks

Psychology (20 decks)

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