chapter 9 vocab Flashcards
achievement motivation
need to master difficult challenges to outperform others and to meet high standards of excellence
affective forecasting
efforts to predict one’s emotional reactions to future goals
anorexia
eating disorder in which a person (young female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet still feelings fat, continues to starve
approach-approach conflict
conflict situation in which a choice must be made between 2 attractive goals
approach-avoidance conflict
conflict situation in which a choice must be made about whether to pursue a single goal that has both attractive and unattractive aspects
arousal theory
theory stating that individuals are motivated to perform behaviors in order to maintain an optimal arousal level (moderate)
avoidance-avoidance conflict
conflict situation in which a choice must be made between 2 unattractive goals
bulimia
eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating (high calorie) following by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, excessive exercise
cannon-bard theory of emotion
an emotion-arousing simultaneously triggers 1) physiological response and 2) the subjective experience of emotion
catharsis
emotional release, “releasing” aggressive energy (through action/fantasy) relieves aggressive urges
coronary heart disease
clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; leading cause of death in North America
display rules
cultural norms that regulate the appropriate expressions of emotions
drive
internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities that should reduce the tensions
drive reduction theory
idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
emotion
a subjective conscious experience accompanied by bodily arousal and characteristic overt expression
estrogens
sex hormones, like estradril, secreted in greater amounts by female then by males and contributing to female sex characteristics
facial feedback effect
the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger/happy intensifies those feelings
extrinsic motivators
motivation driven by external reward/punishment
glucose
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues
health psychology
branch of psychology that investigates the psychological factors related to wellness and illness
feel good do good phenomenon
people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood
general adaptation syndrome
selye’s model of the body’s stress response, consisting of three stages, alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
homeostasis
tendency to maintain a balanced/constant internal state, regulation of any aspect of body chemistry
incentives
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
