chapter 15 vocab Flashcards
Active or reflective listening-
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, clarifies, feature of Roger’s client-centered therapy
Antianxiety drugs-
medications that reduce tensions, apprehension and nervousness
Antidepressant drugs-
medications that gradually elevate mood and bring people out of a depression
Antipsychotic drugs-
medications usually reduce psychotic symptoms, hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, delusions
Aversive conditioning-
type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (nausea) with an unwanted behavior (alcohol)
Behavior modification (applied behavior analysis)-
systematic approach to changing behavior through the application of the principles of conditioning
Behavior therapies-
therapy that applies principles of conditioning to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
Biomedical therapy-
prescribed medications/medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system
Client-centered therapy-
humanistic therapy, Rogers, therapists use techniques, active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic to facilitate clients’ growth
Clinical psychologists-
psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems
Counseling psychologists-
speciality within professional psychology that maintains a focus on facilitating personal and interpersonal functioning across the lifespan
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-
popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
Cognitive therapy-
teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting, based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and emotional reactions
Countering conditioning-
behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new response to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors, exposure therapies and aversive conditioning
Couples (marital) therapy-
treatment of both partners in a committed, intimate relationship in which main focus is on relationship issues
Deinstitutionalization-
transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care
eclectic approach-
approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-
biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain on and anesthetized patient
Evidence-based practice-
clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences
Existential therapies-
form of counseling that helps people overcome limiting beliefs surrounding fears related to identity, death, meaning
Exposure therapy-
behavioral techniques, systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination/actuality) to things they fear and avoid
eye-movement desensitization reprocessing-
psychotherapy in which the patient recalls a traumatic event while undergoing bilateral stimulation, moving your eyes in a specific way
Family therapy (counseling)-
therapy that treats the family as a system, views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members
Flooding-
behavioral therapy technique where in the patient learns to associate feelings of relaxation with fear-indulging stimulus
group therapy
simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group
humanistic therapy
focuses on boosting patient’s self-fulfillment via growth in self-awareness and self-acceptance
insight therapies
variety of therapists that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses
interpretation
psychoanalysis, analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances and other significant behaviors/events in order to promote insight
lobotomy
now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional/violent patients, cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain
latent content
Freud, hidden/disguised meaning of the events in a dream
manifest content
freud, plot of the dream at the surface level
mental hospital
medical institution specializing in providing inpatient care for psychological disorders
psychiatrist
physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
psychoanalysis
freud’s therapeutic technique, patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, transferences, released previously repressed feelings, allow patients to gain self-insight
psychoanalysts
help patients determine their unconscious bias/understanding and how they affect their current lives
psychdynamic therapy
therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, seek to enhance self-insight
psychopharmacology
study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
psychotherapy
treatment involving psychological techniques; interactions between trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties/achieve personal growth
psychosurgery
surgery that removes/destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate/suppress brain activity
resilience
personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity even trauma
resistance
psychoanalysis, blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
social skills training
behavior therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasize shaping, modeling, and behavioral rehearsal
systemic desensitization
type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually anxiety-triggering stimuli
unconditional positive regard
caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness/acceptance
token economy
operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort exhibiting a desired behavior, later exchange tokens for privilege/treats
tardive dyskinesia
involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic
transference
psychoanalysis, patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (love/hatred for a parent)
virtual reality exposure
anxiety treatment, progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, airplanes, spiders, public speaking
