chapter 15 vocab

Question 1

Active or reflective listening-

Answer 1

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, clarifies, feature of Roger’s client-centered therapy

Question 2

Antianxiety drugs-

Answer 2

medications that reduce tensions, apprehension and nervousness

Question 3

Antidepressant drugs-

Answer 3

medications that gradually elevate mood and bring people out of a depression

Question 4

Antipsychotic drugs-

Answer 4

medications usually reduce psychotic symptoms, hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, delusions

Question 5

Aversive conditioning-

Answer 5

type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (nausea) with an unwanted behavior (alcohol)

Question 6

Behavior modification (applied behavior analysis)-

Answer 6

systematic approach to changing behavior through the application of the principles of conditioning

Question 7

Behavior therapies-

Answer 7

therapy that applies principles of conditioning to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Question 8

Biomedical therapy-

Answer 8

prescribed medications/medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system

Question 9

Client-centered therapy-

Answer 9

humanistic therapy, Rogers, therapists use techniques, active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic to facilitate clients’ growth

Question 10

Clinical psychologists-

Answer 10

psychologists who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems

Question 11

Counseling psychologists-

Answer 11

speciality within professional psychology that maintains a focus on facilitating personal and interpersonal functioning across the lifespan

Question 12

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-

Answer 12

popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

Question 13

Cognitive therapy-

Answer 13

teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting, based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and emotional reactions

Question 14

Countering conditioning-

Answer 14

behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new response to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors, exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

Question 15

Couples (marital) therapy-

Answer 15

treatment of both partners in a committed, intimate relationship in which main focus is on relationship issues

Question 16

Deinstitutionalization-

Answer 16

transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care

Question 17

eclectic approach-

Answer 17

approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

Question 18

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-

Answer 18

biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain on and anesthetized patient

Question 19

Evidence-based practice-

Answer 19

clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

Question 20

Existential therapies-

Answer 20

form of counseling that helps people overcome limiting beliefs surrounding fears related to identity, death, meaning

Question 21

Exposure therapy-

Answer 21

behavioral techniques, systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination/actuality) to things they fear and avoid

Question 22

eye-movement desensitization reprocessing-

Answer 22

psychotherapy in which the patient recalls a traumatic event while undergoing bilateral stimulation, moving your eyes in a specific way

Question 23

Family therapy (counseling)-

Answer 23

therapy that treats the family as a system, views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

Question 24

Flooding-

Answer 24

behavioral therapy technique where in the patient learns to associate feelings of relaxation with fear-indulging stimulus

Question 25

group therapy

Answer 25

simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group

Question 26

humanistic therapy

Answer 26

focuses on boosting patient’s self-fulfillment via growth in self-awareness and self-acceptance

Question 27

insight therapies

Answer 27

variety of therapists that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Question 28

interpretation

Answer 28

psychoanalysis, analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances and other significant behaviors/events in order to promote insight

Question 29

lobotomy

Answer 29

now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional/violent patients, cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

Question 30

latent content

Answer 30

Freud, hidden/disguised meaning of the events in a dream

Question 31

manifest content

Answer 31

freud, plot of the dream at the surface level

Question 32

mental hospital

Answer 32

medical institution specializing in providing inpatient care for psychological disorders

Question 33

psychiatrist

Answer 33

physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

Question 34

psychoanalysis

Answer 34

freud’s therapeutic technique, patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, transferences, released previously repressed feelings, allow patients to gain self-insight

Question 35

psychoanalysts

Answer 35

help patients determine their unconscious bias/understanding and how they affect their current lives

Question 36

psychdynamic therapy

Answer 36

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, seek to enhance self-insight

Question 37

psychopharmacology

Answer 37

study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

Question 38

psychotherapy

Answer 38

treatment involving psychological techniques; interactions between trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties/achieve personal growth

Question 38

psychosurgery

Answer 38

surgery that removes/destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

Question 39

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 39

application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate/suppress brain activity

Question 40

resilience

Answer 40

personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity even trauma

Question 41

resistance

Answer 41

psychoanalysis, blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

Question 42

social skills training

Answer 42

behavior therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasize shaping, modeling, and behavioral rehearsal

Question 43

systemic desensitization

Answer 43

type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually anxiety-triggering stimuli

Question 44

unconditional positive regard

Answer 44

caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness/acceptance

Question 44

token economy

Answer 44

operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort exhibiting a desired behavior, later exchange tokens for privilege/treats

Question 44

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 44

involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic

Question 44

transference

Answer 44

psychoanalysis, patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (love/hatred for a parent)

Question 45

virtual reality exposure

Answer 45

anxiety treatment, progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, airplanes, spiders, public speaking