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Psychology > ch2 vocab* > Flashcards

ch2 vocab* Flashcards

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1
Q

Hindsight bias

A

also known as the “I knew it all along” phenomenon

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2
Q

Hypothesis

A

testable prediction

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3
Q

Replication

A

duplication of a research study, usually with different participants

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3
Q

Operational definition

A

statement of the exact procedures used in a research study

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4
Q

Survey

A

self-reported measures of attitudes or behaviors

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4
Q

naturalistic observation

A

observing behavior without controlling or manipulating the situation

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5
Q

Random sample

A

each member of a population has an equal chance of inclusion

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6
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

statistical relationship between 2 variables

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7
Q

Scatter Plot

A

graph cluster of dots

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8
Q

illusory correlation

A

relationship perceived, but none exists

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9
Q

Experiment

A

manipulation of factors to observe their effect on behavior

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10
Q

Experimental group

A

group exposed to independent variable

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11
Q

Random assignment

A

assigning subjects to experimental or control groups by chance

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12
Q

Double blind procedure

A

neither researchers or subjects aware of presence of treatment

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13
Q

Placebo effect

A

inert substance or condition

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14
Q

confounding variable

A

random assignment helps to control for these

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14
Q

standard deviation

A

how much scores vary around the mean score

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15
Q

Validity

A

does a test measure what it’s supposed to

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16
Q

Skewed distribution

A

representation of scores that lacks symmetry

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16
Q

Mean

A

arithmetic average

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17
Q

Statistical significance

A

how likely a result occurred by chance

18
Q

Normal curve

A

a bell-shaped distribution of data

19
Q

Culture

A

a group’s shared values, traditions, attitudes

20
Q

Informed consent

A

an ethical principle dealing with choosing to participate in a study

21
Q

Case study

A

an in-depth investigation of an individual subject

21
Q

Debriefing

A

explanation of a study following its conclusion

21
Q

Controls

A

factors in an experiment that do not vary

22
Q

dependent variable

A

variable that may change in response to manipulations

22
Q

Applied research

A

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

22
Q

Correlation

A

how well either factor predicts the other

23
Q

Low variability

A

all scores are close together

23
Q

Frequency distribution

A

an orderly arrangement of scores indicating frequency of each score

23
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

if people know they are being observed they don’t act naturally

24
Q

Representative sample

A

sample matches the demographics of the population

24
Q

Median

A

the middle score in a distribution

25
Q

High variability

A

scores are spread out

25
Q

Single blind study

A

subjects do not know if they are in the experimental group or control group

26
Q

Theory

A

an explanation using an integrated set of principles

27
Q

Scientific method

A

systematic observation, measurement, and experiment

27
Q

Outliers

A

extreme scores

27
Q

Population

A

whole group

28
Q

Experimenter bias

A

when the researcher interferes with true results of a study

29
Q

Mode

A

most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution

29
Q

independent variable

A

the thing that the researcher manipulates of changes in a study

30
Q

Histogram

A

bars touch and display numbers

30
Q

descriptive statistics

A

statistics that are used to organize and summarize data

31
Q

Critical thinking

A

thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions

31
Q

Control group

A

subjects in a study who do no receive the special treatment

32
Q

Confidentiality

A

experimenter must not reveal information about participants

33
Q

Basic research

A

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Psychology (20 decks)

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