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Psychology > chapter 14 vocab > Flashcards

chapter 14 vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

acrophobia

A

excessive, irrational fear of heights, avoidance of elevations/marked distress when unable to avoid high places

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2
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of going out to public places

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3
Q

ADHD

A

a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

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3
Q

anhedonia

A

diminished ability to experience pleasure

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4
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

eating disorder, intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body images, refusal to maintain normal weight, dangerous measures to lose weight

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4
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, maybe aggressive and ruthless

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5
Q

anxiety

A

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety/maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

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6
Q

bipolar disorder (manic depressive)

A

mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopeless and lethargy of depression and overexcited state of mania

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6
Q

avoidant personality disorder

A

low self-esteem, fear of rejection and fear of judgment

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6
Q

autism

A

childhood psychological disorder, profound impairment of social interaction and severely restricted interests and activities, apparent by age 3

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7
Q

competency

A

a defendant’s capacity to stand trial, called fitness in some states, the ability to exert control over one’s life

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8
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

disorder marked by instability in social relationships, self-image, and emotional function

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8
Q

bulimia

A

eating disorder, engaging in out-of-control overeating, unhealthy compensatory efforts, self-induced vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxative

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9
Q

conversion disorder

A

rare somatoform disorder, person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found

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10
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs, often of persecution/grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

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10
Q

dissociative disorders

A

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (disassociated) from previous memories, thoughts, feelings

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11
Q

delusions of grandeur

A

fixed, false beliefs that oneself is superior

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12
Q

delusions of persecution

A

when a person believes everyone is trying to hurt (persecute) him/her

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13
Q

diagnosis

A

distinguishing one illness from another

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14
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

rare dissociative disorder, person exhibits 2 or more distinct and alternating personalities, formerly called multiple personality disorder

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15
Q

DSM 5

A

APA’s diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorders, widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

15
Q

etiology

A

apparent causation and developmental history of an illness

16
Q

fugue

A

dissociative disorder, one separates from previous memories, suddenly finding themselves with no recollection of previous experiences, feelings, people in their lives

17
Q

histrionic personality disorder

A

strong need for attention from others, manifests in dramatic, exaggerated, potentially overly flirtatious actions and behaviors

17
Q

insane

A

legal status indicating that a person can’t be held responsible for his/her actions because of mental illness

17
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

anxiety disorder, a person is continually tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

18
Q

hallucinations

A

sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus or gross distortion of perceptual input

19
Q

hypochondriasis

A

a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

20
Q

mood/affective disorder

A

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

20
Q

narcissistic personality disorder

A

grandiose sense of self-importance, a sense of entitlement and and excessive need for attention and admiration

21
Q

involuntary commitment

A

when people are hospitalized in psychiatric facilities against their will

21
Q

major depressive disorder

A

mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, 2 or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness

22
Q

ocd

A

anxiety disorder, unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions) persistent interfere with everyday living and causing the person distress

22
Q

mania

A

mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

22
Q

medical model

A

concept that diseases in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, cured through treatment in a hospital

23
Q

panic disorder

A

anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes, long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, frightening sensations

24
Q

personality disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

24
Q

paranoid personality disorder

A

constantly suspicious of others with a near inability to trust due to constant fear

25
Q

phobia

A

anxiety disorder marked by persistent irrational fear and avoidance of certain objects, activities, situations

26
Q

post-traumatic growth

A

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises

27
Q

ptsd

A

anxiety disorder, haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic event

28
Q

psychological disorder

A

deviant distressful and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, behaviors

29
Q

psychosis

A

withdrawal from reality marked by hallucinations and delusions, disturbed thoughts, emotions, personality disorganization

30
Q

prognosis

A

a forecast about the probable course of an illness

31
Q

rumination

A

repetitive thinking/dwelling on negative feelings and distress and their causes and consequences

31
Q

schizophrenia

A

group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, inappropriate emotions and actions

32
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

involves the extreme and irrational fear of being embarrassed, judged, scrutinized by others in social situations

33
Q

social phobia

A

intense fear of experiencing humiliation in social situtions

34
Q

somatoform disorders

A

psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

35
Q

specific phobia

A

persistent and irrational fear of an object/situation that presents no realistic danger

Psychology (20 decks)

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