chapter 14 vocab Flashcards
acrophobia
excessive, irrational fear of heights, avoidance of elevations/marked distress when unable to avoid high places
agoraphobia
fear of going out to public places
ADHD
a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity
anhedonia
diminished ability to experience pleasure
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder, intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body images, refusal to maintain normal weight, dangerous measures to lose weight
antisocial personality disorder
personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, maybe aggressive and ruthless
anxiety
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety/maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
bipolar disorder (manic depressive)
mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopeless and lethargy of depression and overexcited state of mania
avoidant personality disorder
low self-esteem, fear of rejection and fear of judgment
autism
childhood psychological disorder, profound impairment of social interaction and severely restricted interests and activities, apparent by age 3
competency
a defendant’s capacity to stand trial, called fitness in some states, the ability to exert control over one’s life
borderline personality disorder
disorder marked by instability in social relationships, self-image, and emotional function
bulimia
eating disorder, engaging in out-of-control overeating, unhealthy compensatory efforts, self-induced vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxative
conversion disorder
rare somatoform disorder, person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found
delusions
false beliefs, often of persecution/grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders
dissociative disorders
disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (disassociated) from previous memories, thoughts, feelings
delusions of grandeur
fixed, false beliefs that oneself is superior
delusions of persecution
when a person believes everyone is trying to hurt (persecute) him/her
diagnosis
distinguishing one illness from another
dissociative identity disorder
rare dissociative disorder, person exhibits 2 or more distinct and alternating personalities, formerly called multiple personality disorder
DSM 5
APA’s diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorders, widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
etiology
apparent causation and developmental history of an illness
fugue
dissociative disorder, one separates from previous memories, suddenly finding themselves with no recollection of previous experiences, feelings, people in their lives
histrionic personality disorder
strong need for attention from others, manifests in dramatic, exaggerated, potentially overly flirtatious actions and behaviors
insane
legal status indicating that a person can’t be held responsible for his/her actions because of mental illness
generalized anxiety disorder
anxiety disorder, a person is continually tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
hallucinations
sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of a real, external stimulus or gross distortion of perceptual input
hypochondriasis
a somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
mood/affective disorder
psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes
narcissistic personality disorder
grandiose sense of self-importance, a sense of entitlement and and excessive need for attention and admiration
involuntary commitment
when people are hospitalized in psychiatric facilities against their will
major depressive disorder
mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, 2 or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness
ocd
anxiety disorder, unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions) persistent interfere with everyday living and causing the person distress
mania
mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
medical model
concept that diseases in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, cured through treatment in a hospital
panic disorder
anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes, long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, frightening sensations
personality disorders
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
paranoid personality disorder
constantly suspicious of others with a near inability to trust due to constant fear
phobia
anxiety disorder marked by persistent irrational fear and avoidance of certain objects, activities, situations
post-traumatic growth
positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises
ptsd
anxiety disorder, haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic event
psychological disorder
deviant distressful and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, behaviors
psychosis
withdrawal from reality marked by hallucinations and delusions, disturbed thoughts, emotions, personality disorganization
prognosis
a forecast about the probable course of an illness
rumination
repetitive thinking/dwelling on negative feelings and distress and their causes and consequences
schizophrenia
group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, inappropriate emotions and actions
social anxiety disorder
involves the extreme and irrational fear of being embarrassed, judged, scrutinized by others in social situations
social phobia
intense fear of experiencing humiliation in social situtions
somatoform disorders
psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause
specific phobia
persistent and irrational fear of an object/situation that presents no realistic danger
