chapter 12 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

aggression

A

any behavior that intended to hurt someone, either physically or verbally

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2
Q

altruism

A

selfless concern for the well-being of others

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3
Q

attitude

A

positive/negative evaluations of objects of thought

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4
Q

attribution theory

A

people attempt to understand events and actions by attributing intentions, beliefs, feelings to the events, place causation into 2 categories: internal/dispositional and external/situational factors

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5
Q

bystander effect

A

paradoxical social phenomenon in which people are less likely to provide needed help when they’re in groups than when they’re alone

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6
Q

central route persuasion

A

careful and thoughtful consideration of the true merits of an argument, requires person to actively process the info, most effective when audience is motivated and able to think critically about the content

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7
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

psychological state that exists when related attitudes/beliefs contradict one another

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8
Q

collectivism

A

putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one’s identity in terms of the groups one belongs to

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9
Q

compassionate love

A

warm, trusting, tolerant affection for another whose life is deeply intertwined with one’s own

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10
Q

conflict

A

a state that occurs when 2 or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression

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11
Q

conformity

A

tendency for people to yield to real or imagined social pressure

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12
Q

culture

A

widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions and other products of a community that are socially transmitted across generations

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13
Q

deindividuation

A

psychological phenomenon that occurs when people are part of a group, losing sense of self, conforms to group norm

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14
Q

discrimination

A

behaving differently, usually unfairly toward the members of a group

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15
Q

individualism

A

putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group membership

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15
Q

equity

A

people are happier in relationships where there’s give and take by both people

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16
Q

explicit attitudes

A

attitudes that people hold consciously and can readily describe

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17
Q

foot-in-the-door

A

getting people to agree to a small request to increase the chances that they will agree to a larger request later

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18
Q

frustration-aggression hypothesis (principal)

A

aggression is always caused by frustration

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19
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

observers’ bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining others’ behavior

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19
Q

group polarization

A

phenomenon when group discussion strengthens a group’s dominant pov and produces a shift toward a more extreme decision in that direction

20
Q

groupthink

A

process in which members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision

21
Q

implicit attitude

A

convert attitudes that are expressed in subtle automatic response that people have little conscious control over

22
Q

informational social influence

A

effect that often contributes to conformity in which people look to others for guidance about how to behave in ambiguous situations

22
Milgram experiment
subjects giving an electric shock (thinking) to another subject because authority figure demanded it
23
ingroup
the group that people belong to and identify with
24
ingroup bias
tendency to favor our own group, individuals in the same group as ourselves
24
just-world phenomenon (bias)
people get what they deserve and deserve what they get, belief
25
mere exposure effect
the finding that repeated exposures to a stimulus promotes greater liking of the stimulus
26
normative social influence
an effect that promotes conformity to social norms for fear of negative social consequences
27
norms
accepted standards of behavior for any given group
28
other race effect
tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races
29
outgroup
a group that one doesn't belong to or identiy with
30
passionate love
complete absorption in another includes tender sexual feelings, agony, and ecstasy of intense emotion
31
personal perception
the process of forming impressions of others
31
peripheral route persuasion
relies on superficial cues or associations rather than the strength of the argument itself
32
prejudice
a negative attitude held toward members of a group
33
receiver
in persuasion, the person to whom an attitude-change message is sent from a source
34
reciprocity norm
rule that people should pay back in kind what they receive from others
35
role
function assumed or part played by person/thing in a particular situation
35
self-disclosure
reveals intimate aspects of oneself to others
36
scapegoat theory
maintains that our prejudices dictate who we blame when we're angry, blaming someone=outlet for anger
37
self-fulfilling prophecy
when a person unknowingly causes a prediction to come true, because they expect it
38
self-serving bias
tendency to attribute one's success to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors
39
social exchange theory
social relationships = exchange in which a participant tries to maximize benefits and minimize costs
40
social faciliation
phenomenon where the presence of other people can enhance an individual's performance on a task
41
social loafing
reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared to when they work by themselves
42
social psychology
branch of psychology, individuals' thoughts, feelings, behaviors are influenced by others
43
social responsibility norm
person should help others when they're in need, doesn't contain an expectation of reward/reciprocity
44
source
in persuasion, the person who sends a message intended to produce attitude change to a receiver
45
stereotype
widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group
46
Zimbardo's experiemnt
stanford prison experiment, focus on power of roles, rules