ch5 vocab* Flashcards
Alpha waves
brain waves that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep
Delta waves
long, slow waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep
Beta waves
brain waves that indicate a state of being awake and alert
Theta waves
brain waves indicating the early stages of sleep
Electrocardiograph (EKG)
records the contractions of the heart
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time w/ recording electrodes attached to the scalp
Electromyograph (EMG)
records muscular activity and tension
Electrooculography (EOG)
records eye movements
Circadian rhythm
24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species
Amphetamines
drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
Barbiturates
depressant drugs that have a sedative effect
Altered states of consciousness
state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity compared to waking consciousness
Caffeine
mild stimulant found in coffee, tea, and several other plant-based substances
Cannabis
the hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish, and THC are derived
Hallucinogens
diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked most notably by distortions in sensory and perceptual experience
Melatonin
hormone released from the pineal gland that is associated with the sleep-wake cycle
Depressants
drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system
Methadone
narcotic drug derived from opium used to treat heroin addiction
Narcotics (opiates)
drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain
Nicotine
a natural stimulant and the active ingredient in tobacco
Sedatives
sleep-inducing drugs that decrease central nervous system activation and behavioral activity
Psychoactive drugs
chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral function
Stimulants
drugs that tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity
Tolerance
a progressive decrease in person’s responsiveness to a drug-resulted of continued use
Waking consciousness
state which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear, organized-person feels alert
Sleep deprivation
an significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability
Sleep apnea
involves frequent, reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep
Restorative theory
theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage
Sleep
periodic, natural loss of consciousness-as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation
REM rebound
increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on earlier nights
REM paralysis
the inability to move the voluntary muscles during REM
REM sleep behavior disorder
marked by potentially troublesome dream enactments during REM periods
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
a deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high-frequency brain waves, and dreaming
non-REM sleep
consists of sleep stages which are marked by an absence of rapid eye movements, relatively little dreaming, and varied EEG activity
Posthypnotic suggestion
a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized
Night terrors
relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep, without waking fully
Narcolepsy-
a disease marked by sudden and irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods
Nightmares
bad dreams occurring during REM sleep
Microsleeps
brief episodes of sleep lasting only a few seconds
Meditation
a family of practices that train attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control
Manifest content
the plot of a dream at surface level
Latent content
refers to the hidden or disguised meaning of the events in the plot of a dream
Insomnia
chronic problems in getting adequate sleep-result in daytime fatigue/impaired functioning
Hypnosis
a systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility
Hallucinations
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
Biological rhythms
periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning
Consciousness
the awareness of internal and external stimuli
Dissociation
a splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness
Dreams
a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind
Physical dependence
exists when a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness
