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Psychology > chapter 5 vocab > Flashcards

chapter 5 vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Alpha waves

A

relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

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2
Q

Altered states of consciousness

A

normal, waking awareness, daydreaming, sleeping, meditating, drug-induced hallucinations

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2
Q

Amphetamines

A

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

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3
Q

Barbiturates

A

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

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4
Q

Beta waves

A

associated with normal waking consciousness and a heightened state of alertness, logic and critical reasoning

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4
Q

Biological rhythms

A

periodic fluctuations in physiological functions

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5
Q

Caffeine

A

temporarily excite neural activity and arouse body functions, a stimulant

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6
Q

Cannabis

A

hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish and THC are derived

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7
Q

Consciousness

A

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

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7
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

the biological clock, regulates bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle, temperature and wakefulness

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8
Q

Delta waves

A

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

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9
Q

Depressants

A

drugs that reduce activity and slow down body functions, alcohol, opiates

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9
Q

Dream

A

sequence of images, emotions and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind

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9
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

a device that monitors electrical activity in the brain, recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp

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9
Q

Dissociation

A

a split in consciousness, allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

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10
Q

Electrocardiograph (EKG)

A

records the contractions of the heart, a physiological recording device

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11
Q

Electromyograph (EMG)

A

records muscular activity and tension

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11
Q

Electrooculograph (EOG)

A

records eye movements

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12
Q

Hallucinations

A

false sensory experiences, seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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13
Q

Hallucinogens

A

powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, distortions in sensory and perceptual experience

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14
Q

Hypnosis

A

a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, behaviors will spontaneously occur

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15
Q

Insomnia

A

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

16
Q

Latent content

A

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream, distinct from its manifest content

17
Q

Manifest content

A

according to Freud, the remembered storyline of a dream, literally subject matter

18
Q

Meditation

A

trains attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control

19
Q

Melatonin

A

a hormone produced by the pineal gland that produces sleepiness

20
Q

Microsleeps

A

episodes of sleep lasting less than 30 seconds

21
Q

Methadone

A

drug that works to relieve pain, helps people become less addicted to other drugs

22
Q

Narcolepsy

A

a sleep disorder, uncontrollable sleep attacks, may lapse directly into REM sleep, brain disease

23
Q

Narcotics (opiates)

A

drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain, depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

24
Q

Nicotine

A

a stimulant, withdrawal symptoms including irritability, anxiety, found in tobacco

25
Q

Night terrors

A

sleep disorder, by high arousal and a appearance of being terrified, occur during stage 3 of sleep, not nightmares

26
Q

Nightmares

A

anxiety arousing dreams that lead to awakening

27
Q

non-REM sleep

A

consists of stages 1-3, marked by absence of REM, little dreaming, varied EEG activity

28
Q

Physical dependence

A

a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal, symptoms when the drug is discontinued

29
Q

Posthypnotic suggestion

A

made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject leaves, used to help client control undesired symptoms

30
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral functioning

31
Q

REM sleep

A

rapid eye movement, recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams occurs, muscles are relaxed, but other body symptoms are active

32
Q

REM sleep behavior disorder

A

RBD, marked by potentially troublesome dream enactments during REM periods

33
Q

REM paralysis

A

refers to the phenomenon while muscle atonia of REM, leading to intense fear, patient lies awake without ability to use their body

34
Q

REM rebound

A

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

35
Q

Restorative theory

A

theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body, serves to replenish chemicals

36
Q

Sedatives

A

sleep-inducing drugs, decreases central nervous system activation and behavioral activity

37
Q

Sleep

A

periodic, natural loss of consciousness

38
Q

Sleep apnea

A

sleep disorder, can’t breath for temporary period during sleep, repeated momentary awakenings

39
Q

Sleep deprivation

A

lack of sleep, suppress immune cells that fight off viral infections and cancer, irritability, slowed performances

40
Q

Sleep walking (somnambulism)

A

when a person arises and wanders about while remaining asleep

41
Q

Social-cognitive explanation

A

theory that maintains personality both shapes and is shaped by environment

42
Q

Stimulants

A

drugs that tend to increase central nervous system and behavioral activity

43
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A

a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls the circadian rhythm

44
Q

Theta waves

A

usually connected to emotions, memories, and other activities in the limbic system, stage 1 sleep

45
Q

Tolerance

A

a progressive decrease in a person’s responsiveness to a drug, resulting from continued use

46
Q

Waking consciousness

A

state while awake and reasonably alert, includes thoughts, feelings, perceptions, tuned in to the external environment

Psychology (20 decks)

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