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chapter 5 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha waves

A

relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

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2
Q

Altered states of consciousness

A

normal, waking awareness, daydreaming, sleeping, meditating, drug-induced hallucinations

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2
Q

Amphetamines

A

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

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3
Q

Barbiturates

A

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

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4
Q

Beta waves

A

associated with normal waking consciousness and a heightened state of alertness, logic and critical reasoning

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4
Q

Biological rhythms

A

periodic fluctuations in physiological functions

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5
Q

Caffeine

A

temporarily excite neural activity and arouse body functions, a stimulant

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6
Q

Cannabis

A

hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish and THC are derived

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7
Q

Consciousness

A

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

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7
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

the biological clock, regulates bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle, temperature and wakefulness

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8
Q

Delta waves

A

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

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9
Q

Depressants

A

drugs that reduce activity and slow down body functions, alcohol, opiates

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9
Q

Dream

A

sequence of images, emotions and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind

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9
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

a device that monitors electrical activity in the brain, recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp

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9
Q

Dissociation

A

a split in consciousness, allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

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10
Q

Electrocardiograph (EKG)

A

records the contractions of the heart, a physiological recording device

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11
Q

Electromyograph (EMG)

A

records muscular activity and tension

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11
Q

Electrooculograph (EOG)

A

records eye movements

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12
Q

Hallucinations

A

false sensory experiences, seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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13
Q

Hallucinogens

A

powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, distortions in sensory and perceptual experience

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14
Q

Hypnosis

A

a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, behaviors will spontaneously occur

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15
Q

Insomnia

A

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

16
Q

Latent content

A

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream, distinct from its manifest content

17
Q

Manifest content

A

according to Freud, the remembered storyline of a dream, literally subject matter

18
Meditation
trains attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control
19
Melatonin
a hormone produced by the pineal gland that produces sleepiness
20
Microsleeps
episodes of sleep lasting less than 30 seconds
21
Methadone
drug that works to relieve pain, helps people become less addicted to other drugs
22
Narcolepsy
a sleep disorder, uncontrollable sleep attacks, may lapse directly into REM sleep, brain disease
23
Narcotics (opiates)
drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain, depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
24
Nicotine
a stimulant, withdrawal symptoms including irritability, anxiety, found in tobacco
25
Night terrors
sleep disorder, by high arousal and a appearance of being terrified, occur during stage 3 of sleep, not nightmares
26
Nightmares
anxiety arousing dreams that lead to awakening
27
non-REM sleep
consists of stages 1-3, marked by absence of REM, little dreaming, varied EEG activity
28
Physical dependence
a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal, symptoms when the drug is discontinued
29
Posthypnotic suggestion
made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject leaves, used to help client control undesired symptoms
30
Psychoactive drugs
chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral functioning
31
REM sleep
rapid eye movement, recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams occurs, muscles are relaxed, but other body symptoms are active
32
REM sleep behavior disorder
RBD, marked by potentially troublesome dream enactments during REM periods
33
REM paralysis
refers to the phenomenon while muscle atonia of REM, leading to intense fear, patient lies awake without ability to use their body
34
REM rebound
the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
35
Restorative theory
theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body, serves to replenish chemicals
36
Sedatives
sleep-inducing drugs, decreases central nervous system activation and behavioral activity
37
Sleep
periodic, natural loss of consciousness
38
Sleep apnea
sleep disorder, can’t breath for temporary period during sleep, repeated momentary awakenings
39
Sleep deprivation
lack of sleep, suppress immune cells that fight off viral infections and cancer, irritability, slowed performances
40
Sleep walking (somnambulism)
when a person arises and wanders about while remaining asleep
41
Social-cognitive explanation
theory that maintains personality both shapes and is shaped by environment
42
Stimulants
drugs that tend to increase central nervous system and behavioral activity
43
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls the circadian rhythm
44
Theta waves
usually connected to emotions, memories, and other activities in the limbic system, stage 1 sleep
45
Tolerance
a progressive decrease in a person’s responsiveness to a drug, resulting from continued use
46
Waking consciousness
state while awake and reasonably alert, includes thoughts, feelings, perceptions, tuned in to the external environment

Psychology (20 decks)

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