chapter 5 vocab Flashcards
Alpha waves
relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
Altered states of consciousness
normal, waking awareness, daydreaming, sleeping, meditating, drug-induced hallucinations
Amphetamines
drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
Barbiturates
drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment
Beta waves
associated with normal waking consciousness and a heightened state of alertness, logic and critical reasoning
Biological rhythms
periodic fluctuations in physiological functions
Caffeine
temporarily excite neural activity and arouse body functions, a stimulant
Cannabis
hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish and THC are derived
Consciousness
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
Circadian rhythm
the biological clock, regulates bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle, temperature and wakefulness
Delta waves
the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
Depressants
drugs that reduce activity and slow down body functions, alcohol, opiates
Dream
sequence of images, emotions and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
a device that monitors electrical activity in the brain, recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp
Dissociation
a split in consciousness, allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
Electrocardiograph (EKG)
records the contractions of the heart, a physiological recording device
Electromyograph (EMG)
records muscular activity and tension
Electrooculograph (EOG)
records eye movements
Hallucinations
false sensory experiences, seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
Hallucinogens
powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, distortions in sensory and perceptual experience
Hypnosis
a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, behaviors will spontaneously occur
Insomnia
recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
Latent content
according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream, distinct from its manifest content
Manifest content
according to Freud, the remembered storyline of a dream, literally subject matter
Meditation
trains attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control
Melatonin
a hormone produced by the pineal gland that produces sleepiness
Microsleeps
episodes of sleep lasting less than 30 seconds
Methadone
drug that works to relieve pain, helps people become less addicted to other drugs
Narcolepsy
a sleep disorder, uncontrollable sleep attacks, may lapse directly into REM sleep, brain disease
Narcotics (opiates)
drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain, depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
Nicotine
a stimulant, withdrawal symptoms including irritability, anxiety, found in tobacco
Night terrors
sleep disorder, by high arousal and a appearance of being terrified, occur during stage 3 of sleep, not nightmares
Nightmares
anxiety arousing dreams that lead to awakening
non-REM sleep
consists of stages 1-3, marked by absence of REM, little dreaming, varied EEG activity
Physical dependence
a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal, symptoms when the drug is discontinued
Posthypnotic suggestion
made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject leaves, used to help client control undesired symptoms
Psychoactive drugs
chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral functioning
REM sleep
rapid eye movement, recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams occurs, muscles are relaxed, but other body symptoms are active
REM sleep behavior disorder
RBD, marked by potentially troublesome dream enactments during REM periods
REM paralysis
refers to the phenomenon while muscle atonia of REM, leading to intense fear, patient lies awake without ability to use their body
REM rebound
the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
Restorative theory
theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body, serves to replenish chemicals
Sedatives
sleep-inducing drugs, decreases central nervous system activation and behavioral activity
Sleep
periodic, natural loss of consciousness
Sleep apnea
sleep disorder, can’t breath for temporary period during sleep, repeated momentary awakenings
Sleep deprivation
lack of sleep, suppress immune cells that fight off viral infections and cancer, irritability, slowed performances
Sleep walking (somnambulism)
when a person arises and wanders about while remaining asleep
Social-cognitive explanation
theory that maintains personality both shapes and is shaped by environment
Stimulants
drugs that tend to increase central nervous system and behavioral activity
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls the circadian rhythm
Theta waves
usually connected to emotions, memories, and other activities in the limbic system, stage 1 sleep
Tolerance
a progressive decrease in a person’s responsiveness to a drug, resulting from continued use
Waking consciousness
state while awake and reasonably alert, includes thoughts, feelings, perceptions, tuned in to the external environment
