Chapter 9 Terms: Urinary System Flashcards
-cele
hernia, tumor, swelling
cyst/o
urinary bladder, cyst or sac of fluid
dia-
through, between, apart, complete
-ectasis
stretching, dilation, enlargement
glomerul/o
glomerulus
lith/o
stone, calculus
-lysis
breakdown, seperation, destruction
nephr/o
kidney
-pexy
surgical fixation
pyel/o
renal pelvis, bowl of kidney
-tripsy
to crush
ur/o
urine, urinary tract
ureter/o
ureter
urthr/o
urethra
-uria
urination, urine
ablation
term used to describe some types of treatment of prostate cancer. Treatement involves removal of body part or destruction of its function through surgery, hormones, drugs, heat.
anuria
absence of urine formation by the kidneys. Typically due to kidney failure
benign prostatic hyperplasia
enlargement of the prostate gland that most often occurs in men over age 50. Making urination difficult and cause other urinary tract probelms for men. Hyperplasia (increase in cell number)
chronic kidney disease
progressive loss of renal function over months or years. Can be life threatening from diabetes, hypertension.
cystitis
inflammation with the walls of bladder.
cystocele
prolapsed bladder, hernia of bladder through the vaginal wall. Typical in childbirth/pregnancy
cystolith
stone located within the urinary bladder
cystopexy
surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall.
cystoscopy
visual examination of urinary bladder with the use of specialized endoscope. Used for treatment such as removal of tumors or reduction of an enlarged prostate gland.
dialysis
procedure to remove waste products such as urea, creatinine and excess water from the blood of a patient whose kidney no longer function
diuresis
increased output of urine
edema
excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be symptomatic of nephrotic syndrome and other kidney diseases.
end stage renal disease
ESRD final stage of chronic kidney disease, condition is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are replaced by dialysis and successful transplant.
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine.
epispadias
congenital abnormality of urethral opening. Male- upper surface of penis. Female-near clitoris.
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
most common treatment for kidney stone. High energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel are used to break the stone into fragments to be excreted in the urine.
glomerulonephritis
type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine/
hemodialysis
process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patients blood. Most common type of dialysis.
hydronephrosis
dilation or swelling of one or both kidneys. Condition can be caused by problems associated with backing up of urine due to an obstruction such a nephrolith
hydroureter
distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because ureter is blocked.
hyperproteinuria
presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine
hypoproteinemia
presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood.
hypospadias
congenital abnormality of urethral opening. Male - underside of penis. Female -into vagina.
incontinence
inability to control excretion of urine, feces or both.
interstitial cystitis
chronic inflammation within walls of bladder. Do not respond to traditional treatment like typical cystitis.
intravenous pyelography
radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters. Contrast medium is administered intravenously to clearly define these structures . Diagnosis changes in the urinary tract resulting from nephroliths, infections, enlarged prostate , tumors or trauma.
nephrolith
kidney stone.
nephrolithiasis
presence of stones in the kidney. These stones travel with the flow of urine. Named for the location where they become lodged. .
nephrolysis
surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions
nephrons
microscopic functionaly units of each kidney. Urine is produced through the processes of filtration, absorption, and secretion.
nephropathy
means disease of the kidney.
nephroptosis
also known as floating kidney is the prolapse or dropping down of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands.
nephropyosis
suppuration of the kidney. formation of pus or discharge.
nephrostomy
placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body. Kidney affected by hydronephrosis this allows urine from the kidney to be drained directly through the lower back.
nephrotic syndrome
also known as nephroisis is a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost through the urine. This condition is usually caused by damage to the glomeruli resulting in abnormally low levels of proteins in the blood.
nocturia
frequent and excessive urination during the night.
nocturnal enuresis
urinary incontinence during sleeping. Bed wetting
oliguria
scanty urination. caused by dehydration, renal failure, or Urinary tract obstruction.
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
surgical removal of the neptrolith through a small incision in the back. Small table is temporarily inserted through incision into the kidney. urine removed first and then stone crushed and remove. Used if ESWL not effective.
peritoneal dialysis
lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as a filter to remove waste from the blood. Dialysate flows into peritoneal cavity around the intestine through a catheter implanted in abdominal wall. Left for period of time to absorb waste products and drained through tube.
polycystic dialysis
.
polyuria
excessive urination and is common symptoms of diabetes.
prostatism
disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia .
pyleotomy
surgical incision into the renal pelvis. Performed to correct obstructions such as a stone lodged between renal pelvis and ureter
suprapubic catheterization
placement of a catheter into the bladder through small incision made abdominal wall just above the pubic bone.
uremia
toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood
ureterectasis
distention of a ureter due to hydro ureter or congenital abnormalities
ureterolith
stone located anywhere along the ureter.
ureterorrhagia
bleeding from the urethra
ureterorrhaphy
surgical suturing of the ureter
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
urethroplasty
surgical repair of damage of defect in walls of urethra.
urethrorrhagia
bleeding from the urethra
urethrostenosis
urethral stricture is narrowing of the urethra. Occurs in men and is caused by scarring from infection or injury.
urethrotomy
surgical removal of a ureter
urinary catheterization
cathing. Preformed to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes. to allow urine to drain freely or to place a fluid such a chemo into bladder.
vasicovaginal fistula
abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows constant involuntary flow of urine from bladder into vagina.
voiding cystourethrography
diagnostic procedure in which fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from bladder through the urethra
Wilms tumor
rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in children. High cure rate if treated promptly
diur
increased output of water
hydro
water, sweat
meatus
outside opening
noct
night
olig/o
scanty
-pexy
surgical fixation
poly
many
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ren/o
kidney
-trisy
to crush
ESRD
End stage renal disease
HD
hemodialysis
CAPD
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
CCPD
continuous cycle peritoneal dislysis
ESWL
extra corpreal shock-wave lithotrispy
CRF
chronic renal failure
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
NS
nephrotic sydrome
