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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 Terms: Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Terms: Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-cele

A

hernia, tumor, swelling

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2
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder, cyst or sac of fluid

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3
Q

dia-

A

through, between, apart, complete

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4
Q

-ectasis

A

stretching, dilation, enlargement

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5
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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6
Q

lith/o

A

stone, calculus

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7
Q

-lysis

A

breakdown, seperation, destruction

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8
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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9
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

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10
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis, bowl of kidney

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11
Q

-tripsy

A

to crush

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12
Q

ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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13
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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14
Q

urthr/o

A

urethra

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15
Q

-uria

A

urination, urine

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16
Q

ablation

A

term used to describe some types of treatment of prostate cancer. Treatement involves removal of body part or destruction of its function through surgery, hormones, drugs, heat.

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17
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine formation by the kidneys. Typically due to kidney failure

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18
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

enlargement of the prostate gland that most often occurs in men over age 50. Making urination difficult and cause other urinary tract probelms for men. Hyperplasia (increase in cell number)

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19
Q

chronic kidney disease

A

progressive loss of renal function over months or years. Can be life threatening from diabetes, hypertension.

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20
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation with the walls of bladder.

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21
Q

cystocele

A

prolapsed bladder, hernia of bladder through the vaginal wall. Typical in childbirth/pregnancy

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22
Q

cystolith

A

stone located within the urinary bladder

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23
Q

cystopexy

A

surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall.

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24
Q

cystoscopy

A

visual examination of urinary bladder with the use of specialized endoscope. Used for treatment such as removal of tumors or reduction of an enlarged prostate gland.

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25
Q

dialysis

A

procedure to remove waste products such as urea, creatinine and excess water from the blood of a patient whose kidney no longer function

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26
Q

diuresis

A

increased output of urine

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27
Q

edema

A

excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be symptomatic of nephrotic syndrome and other kidney diseases.

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28
Q

end stage renal disease

A

ESRD final stage of chronic kidney disease, condition is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are replaced by dialysis and successful transplant.

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29
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine.

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30
Q

epispadias

A

congenital abnormality of urethral opening. Male- upper surface of penis. Female-near clitoris.

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31
Q

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

A

most common treatment for kidney stone. High energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel are used to break the stone into fragments to be excreted in the urine.

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32
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine/

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33
Q

hemodialysis

A

process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patients blood. Most common type of dialysis.

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34
Q

hydronephrosis

A

dilation or swelling of one or both kidneys. Condition can be caused by problems associated with backing up of urine due to an obstruction such a nephrolith

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35
Q

hydroureter

A

distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because ureter is blocked.

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36
Q

hyperproteinuria

A

presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine

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37
Q

hypoproteinemia

A

presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood.

38
Q

hypospadias

A

congenital abnormality of urethral opening. Male - underside of penis. Female -into vagina.

39
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control excretion of urine, feces or both.

40
Q

interstitial cystitis

A

chronic inflammation within walls of bladder. Do not respond to traditional treatment like typical cystitis.

41
Q

intravenous pyelography

A

radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters. Contrast medium is administered intravenously to clearly define these structures . Diagnosis changes in the urinary tract resulting from nephroliths, infections, enlarged prostate , tumors or trauma.

42
Q

nephrolith

A

kidney stone.

43
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

presence of stones in the kidney. These stones travel with the flow of urine. Named for the location where they become lodged. .

44
Q

nephrolysis

A

surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

45
Q

nephrons

A

microscopic functionaly units of each kidney. Urine is produced through the processes of filtration, absorption, and secretion.

46
Q

nephropathy

A

means disease of the kidney.

47
Q

nephroptosis

A

also known as floating kidney is the prolapse or dropping down of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands.

48
Q

nephropyosis

A

suppuration of the kidney. formation of pus or discharge.

49
Q

nephrostomy

A

placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body. Kidney affected by hydronephrosis this allows urine from the kidney to be drained directly through the lower back.

50
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

also known as nephroisis is a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost through the urine. This condition is usually caused by damage to the glomeruli resulting in abnormally low levels of proteins in the blood.

51
Q

nocturia

A

frequent and excessive urination during the night.

52
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

urinary incontinence during sleeping. Bed wetting

53
Q

oliguria

A

scanty urination. caused by dehydration, renal failure, or Urinary tract obstruction.

54
Q

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

A

surgical removal of the neptrolith through a small incision in the back. Small table is temporarily inserted through incision into the kidney. urine removed first and then stone crushed and remove. Used if ESWL not effective.

55
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as a filter to remove waste from the blood. Dialysate flows into peritoneal cavity around the intestine through a catheter implanted in abdominal wall. Left for period of time to absorb waste products and drained through tube.

56
Q

polycystic dialysis

A

.

57
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination and is common symptoms of diabetes.

58
Q

prostatism

A

disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia .

59
Q

pyleotomy

A

surgical incision into the renal pelvis. Performed to correct obstructions such as a stone lodged between renal pelvis and ureter

60
Q

suprapubic catheterization

A

placement of a catheter into the bladder through small incision made abdominal wall just above the pubic bone.

61
Q

uremia

A

toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood

62
Q

ureterectasis

A

distention of a ureter due to hydro ureter or congenital abnormalities

63
Q

ureterolith

A

stone located anywhere along the ureter.

64
Q

ureterorrhagia

A

bleeding from the urethra

65
Q

ureterorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of the ureter

66
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

67
Q

urethroplasty

A

surgical repair of damage of defect in walls of urethra.

68
Q

urethrorrhagia

A

bleeding from the urethra

69
Q

urethrostenosis

A

urethral stricture is narrowing of the urethra. Occurs in men and is caused by scarring from infection or injury.

70
Q

urethrotomy

A

surgical removal of a ureter

71
Q

urinary catheterization

A

cathing. Preformed to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes. to allow urine to drain freely or to place a fluid such a chemo into bladder.

72
Q

vasicovaginal fistula

A

abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows constant involuntary flow of urine from bladder into vagina.

73
Q

voiding cystourethrography

A

diagnostic procedure in which fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from bladder through the urethra

74
Q

Wilms tumor

A

rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in children. High cure rate if treated promptly

75
Q

diur

A

increased output of water

76
Q

hydro

A

water, sweat

77
Q

meatus

A

outside opening

78
Q

noct

A

night

79
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

80
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

81
Q

poly

A

many

82
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

83
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

84
Q

-trisy

A

to crush

85
Q

ESRD

A

End stage renal disease

86
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

87
Q

CAPD

A

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

88
Q

CCPD

A

continuous cycle peritoneal dislysis

89
Q

ESWL

A

extra corpreal shock-wave lithotrispy

90
Q

CRF

A

chronic renal failure

91
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

92
Q

NS

A

nephrotic sydrome

Medical Terminology (26 decks)

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