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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 Terms: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Terms: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

angi/o

A

vessel, usually blood

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2
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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3
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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4
Q

ather/o

A

plaque, fatty substance

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5
Q

brady

A

slow

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6
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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7
Q

coron/o

A

crown, coronary

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8
Q

-erythr/o

A

red

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9
Q

hem/o, hemat/o, -emia

A

blood

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10
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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11
Q

phleb/o

A

vessel, vein

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12
Q

tachy

A

fast

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13
Q

thrombo

A

clot or lump

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14
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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15
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

blocks the action of enzyme that causes blood vessels to contract. Used to treat hypertension.

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16
Q

anemia

A

lower than normal levels of RBCs causing fatigue and SOB Severity is determined based on hemoglobin levels. Less oxygen means less energy.

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17
Q

aneurysm

A

localized weak spot or balloon like enlargement of the wall of an artery.

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18
Q

angina

A

condition that occurs due to inadequate blood flow (ischemia) to myocardium resulting in severe chest pain. May progress into MI.

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19
Q

angioplasty

A

technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel.

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20
Q

anticoagulant

A

slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming.

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21
Q

aplastic anemia

A

characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.

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22
Q

arrhythemia

A

loss of normal heart rhythm. Usually due to abnormality with electrical conduction.

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23
Q

atherectomy

A

surgical removal or plaque buildup from the interior of an artery.

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24
Q

atheroma

A

deposit of plaque, typically with atherosclerosis

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25
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening and narrowing of arteries caused by buildup of cholesterol on interior walls

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26
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

most common type of tachycardia. Atrial contractions are twitchy causing quivering of the atria.

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27
Q

automated external defibrillator

A

samples electrical rhythms and delivers shock is necessary. designed for use by nonprofessionals when defibrillation is required.

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28
Q

beta-blocker

A

reduces workload of the heart by slowing the heart rate. Prescribed to lower BP, relieve angina or treat heart failure.

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29
Q

blood dyscrasia

A

Pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood.

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30
Q

bradycardia

A

abnormally slow resting heart rate. HR < 60. Occurs when passage of electricity from top to bottom is obstructed.

31
Q

cardiac arrest

A

event when heart abruptly stops beating or develops arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping effectively.

32
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

diagnostic and treatment procedure in which catheter is passed into vein or artery and guided into heart.

33
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

term to describe all diseases of the heart muscle

34
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain. Performed to reduce the risk of stroke.

35
Q

cholesterol

A

fatty substance in the blood. Aids in production of cell membranes, hormones, and vitamin D. From diet or created from liver. High levels can cause heart disease.

36
Q

chronic venous insufficiency

A

condition when venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves. Primarily affects feet/ankles leading to discoloration.

37
Q

coronary artery disease

A

narrowing or hardening of coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to heart. This leads to MI - death. Most common type of heart disease.

38
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

damage to heart muscle caused by thrombus blocking coronary artery.

39
Q

defibrillation

A

or cardioversion. Use of electrical chock to restore normal heart rhythm.

40
Q

diuretic

A

stimulates the kidneys to increase secretion of urine to rid body of sodium and water. Used to treat hypertension and heart failure to reduce the amount of fluid circulating in the blood.

41
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of electrical activity of the myocardium.

42
Q

embolism

A

sudden blockage of blood vessel. Often named by its cause or location.

43
Q

embolus

A

Foreign object such as blood clot, air/gas, tissue or tumor that is circulating in blood.

44
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.

45
Q

erythrocytes

A

RBC. Mature red blood cells produced by red bone marrow. Primary role is oxygen transport.

46
Q

hemoglobin

A

oxygen carrying blood protein pigment of RBC.

47
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

inadequate number of RBC due to premature destruction by the spleen.

48
Q

hemostasis

A

stopping of blood flow

49
Q

leukemia

A

cancer characterized by progressive increase of abnormal leukocytes. Types are named based on how quickly they progress and type of white blood cells involved.

50
Q

leukocytes

A

WBC, blood cells involved in defending the body against infection.

51
Q

leukopenia

A

decrease in number of disease fighting white blood cells in blood. Increases risk of infection.

52
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

blood disorder characterized by anemia in which RBCs are larger than normal. Usually results from B12 of folic acid deficiency.

53
Q

myelodysplastic syndrome

A

cancer in which there is insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of bone marrow.

54
Q

myocardial infarction

A

Heart attack. Occlusion of coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup.

55
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up.

56
Q

pericardium

A

Pericardial sac. Double walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.

57
Q

pernicious anemia

A

lack of protein intrinsic factor that helps body absord B12 from GI tract. B12 is necessary for production of RBC

58
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein.

59
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress. Symptoms are due to constricted circulation.

60
Q

sepsis

A

Infection that results from bacteria entering bloodstream. Can cause damage to many organ systems due to inflammatory factors being released into the bloodstream.

61
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

genetic disorder resulting in abnormal hemoglobin resulting in sickle shape that interferes with normal blood flow damaging body systems.

62
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormally rapid resting heart rate. HR > 100bpm

63
Q

temporal arteritis

A

inflammation of blood vessels around the scalp that typically causes headaches, visual impairments or jaw pain.

64
Q

thallium stress test

A

used to evaluate how well blood flows through coronary arteries during exercises. Performed by injecting thallium into bloodstream and shows decreased blood flow to part of the heart.

65
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

condition where there are abnormally small number of platelets circulating. Blood is unable to clot effectively.

66
Q

thrombolytic

A

clot busting drug.

67
Q

thrombosis

A

abnormal condition of having a thrombus.

68
Q

thrombotic occlusion

A

Blocking of artery by thrombus.

69
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot attached to interior wall of artery or vein.

70
Q

transfusion reaction

A

potentially fatal complication of blood transfusion in which severe immune response occurs due to mismatched blood.

71
Q

valvulitis

A

inflammation of a heart valve.

72
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen veins that usually occur in superficial veins of legs. Occurs when valves malfunction and blood pools causing them to enlarge.

73
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

Vfib. Rapid, irregular, useless contractions of ventricles. Cause of many cardiac deaths.

74
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

Vtach. Very rapid heartbeat begins within the ventricles. Heart is unable to adequately pump blood throughout the body.

Medical Terminology (26 decks)

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