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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 Terms: Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Terms: Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ambul/o ambulat/o

A

to walk

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2
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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3
Q

concuss/o

A

shaken

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4
Q

contus/o

A

bruise

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5
Q

dendr-

A

branching as in the nervous system

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6
Q

ech/o

A

sound

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7
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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8
Q

-esthesia, -esthesi/o

A

sensation, feeling

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9
Q

glial

A

glue, glia

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10
Q

kelpt/o

A

to steal

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11
Q

mening/o

A

membrance, meninges

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12
Q

myel/o

A

marrow, spinal cord

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13
Q

narc/o

A

numbness, stupor

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14
Q

neu/i, neur/o

A

nerve, nerve tissue

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15
Q

-phobia

A

abnormal fear

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16
Q

psych/o

A

mind

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17
Q

somni/o

A

sleep

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18
Q

caus/o

A

burning, burn

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19
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum, brain

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20
Q

contus/o

A

bruise

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21
Q

-graphy

A

process of producing picture

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22
Q

radicul/o

A

root or nerve root

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23
Q

-tropic

A

having an affinity for

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24
Q

acrophobia

A

excessive fear of heights.

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25
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

AD. Group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language. Leading form of dementia and is marked by progressive deterioration that affects memory and reason.

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26
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

Lou Gehrig’s disease, rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles.

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27
Q

anesthetic

A

medication used to induce anesthesia. Possibly topical, local, regional or general.

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28
Q

anesthetist

A

medical profession who specializes in administering anesthesia but is not a physician.

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29
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

characterized by false perception of body appearance. Leads to an intense fear of gaining weight and inability to maintain a healthy body weight. Voluntary starvation and or excessive exercise cause pt to become very thin.

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30
Q

anxiety disorder

A

mental conditions characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations or fear that is out of proportion to the real danger in a situation.

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31
Q

autism

A

significant delays including speech and language. Lack normal social relationships and very minimal verbal skills.

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32
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

temporary paralysis of the 7th cranial nerve that causes paralysis of the face only on the affected side. Including the inability to close eye, pain, tearing, drooling, and hypersensitivity to sound, impairment of taste.

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33
Q

carotid ultrasonography

A

ultrasound study of carotid artery. Diagnostic test is performed to detect plaque buildup in the artery and to predict or diagnose an ischemic stroke.

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34
Q

causalgia

A

persistent, severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve.

35
Q

cerebral contusion

A

bruising of the brain tissue as a result of head injury that causes the brain to bounce againist the rigid bones of the skull.

36
Q

cerebral palsy

A

condition characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity (continual muscle contractions), speech defects and other neuro deficiencies due to damage of the cerebrum.

37
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

stroke, CVA is damage to the brain that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted because a blood vessel is either blocked or ruptured. Leading cause of long term disability.

38
Q

cervical radiculopathy

A

nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region.

39
Q

claustrophobia

A

abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces.

40
Q

cognition

A

mental activities associated with thinking, learning and memory.

41
Q

coma

A

profound deep state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli and lack of speech.

42
Q

concussion

A

violent shaking up or jarring of the brain. May result in temporary loss of awareness and function.

43
Q

cranial hematoma

A

collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain. Named for their location- epidural, subdural.

44
Q

delirium

A

acute condition of confusion, disorientation disordered thinking and memory, agitation and hallucination. Usually caused by treatable physical condition such as a high fever.

45
Q

delirium tremens

A

disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol.

46
Q

delusion

A

false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence of the contrary. Typically not accepted accepted by individuals culture or religious faith.

47
Q

dementia

A

slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking and judgement. Often accompanied by personality changes.

48
Q

dura mater

A

thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges. Inner surface of the skull is lined with the dura mater.

49
Q

dyslexia

A

learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols correctly.

50
Q

echoencephalopgraphy

A

use of ultrasound imaging to create a detailed visual image of the brain for diagnostic purposes.

51
Q

electroencephalography

A

rocess of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp. produces an EEG.

52
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain can be caused by a viral infection such as rabies.

53
Q

epidural anesthesia

A

regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or scaral region of the spine. Administered during childbirth it numbs the nerves from the uterus and birth passages without stopping labor.

54
Q

epilepsy

A

chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity.

55
Q

factitious disorder

A

condition in which an individual acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick.

56
Q

Guillain- Barre syndrome

A

infectious polyneuritis is an inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that can lead to temporary paralysis. Rare condition is an autoimmune reaction that can occur after certain viral infections of immunization.

57
Q

hallucination

A

sensory perception experienced in the absence of external stimulation.

58
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks, can occur when aneurysm ruptures. Less common and often fatal.

59
Q

hydrocephalus

A

condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain. Condition can occur at birth or develop later in life from obstructions related to meningtitis, brain tumors, and other causes.

60
Q

hyperesthesia

A

condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain or other sensory stimuli.

61
Q

ischemic stroke

A

most common type of stroke occurs when flow of blood to the brain is blocked by narrowing or blockage of carotid artery.

62
Q

lethargy

A

lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness and apathy (indifference and reduced level of activity)

63
Q

meningitis

A

is an inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord. Can be caused by bacterial or viral infection elsewhere in the body. Characterized by intense headache and flu like symptoms. Bacterial is less common but sometimes fatal.

64
Q

meningocele

A

congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column.

65
Q

migraine headache

A

may be preceded by a warning aura. characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head. Migraine headaches primarily affect women and are sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting and sensitivity to light and sound.

66
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of myelin sheath. Scarring the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves and disrupts the transmission of nerve impulses. Pt will have varying degrees of pain plus physical and cognitive problems.

67
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord.

68
Q

myelography

A

radiographic study of the spinal cord after the injection of contrast medium through a lumbar puncture.

69
Q

narcolepsy

A

sleep disorder consisting of sudden and uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day.

70
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical signals that make it possible for messages to be passed across a synapse to receiving receptor.

71
Q

obsessive-complusive disorder

A

characterized by recurrent obsessions- repetitive, intrusive, distressing thoughts or impulses and or compulsions - repeatedly feeling compelled to do things like wash or pray. OCD makes someone feel he or she must do compulsive behaviors to prevent harm or stop obsession.

72
Q

panic attack

A

unexpected sudden experience of fear in the absence of danger, accompanies by physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, SOB, chest tightness, dizziness, sweating. Unneeded activation of body’s fight or flight response.

73
Q

paresthesia

A

refers to burning of prickling sensation that is usually in the hands.

74
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

chronic, degenerative CNS disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and slow or shuffling gait. Inadequate levels of dopamine.

75
Q

peripheral neuropathy

A

disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord. Produces pain, loss of sensation, and inability to control muscles of the arms and legs.

76
Q

PTSD

A

may develop after an event involving actual or threatened death or injury to the individual or someone else during which the person felt intense fear, helplessness or horror. War, natural disaster or other life threatening situations can cause PTSD. Symptoms include emotional numbing, hyperarousal, reliving event, sleep disorder.

77
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

serious and potentially deadly disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion. Sometimes follow a viral illness in which the child was treated with aspirin.

78
Q

schizophrenia

A

psychotic disorder usually characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions and hallucination accompanied in varying degrees by other emotional, behavioral or intellectual disturbances.

79
Q

sciatica

A

inflammation of the sciatic nerve resulting in pain burning and tingling along the course of the affected nerve through the thigh leg and sometimes into the foot.

80
Q

seizure

A

sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or acts for a short time.

81
Q

shaken baby syndrome

A

describes the results of a child being violently shaken by someone. Can cause brain injury, blindness, fractures, seizures, paralysis, death.

82
Q

syncope

A

fainting, brief loss of consciousness caused by decreased blood to the brain

83
Q

trigeminal neuralgia

A

characterized by severe, lightning like pain due to inflammation of the 5th cranial nerve. Sudden, intense, brief attacks of sharp pain affect the cheek, lips, and gums only on one side of the face.

Medical Terminology (26 decks)

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