Chapter 2 Quiz: Health and Disease

Question 1

autopsy

Answer 1

postmortem examination

Question 2

abdominal cavity

Answer 2

contains organs of the digestive system

Question 3

genetic mutation

Answer 3

change of DNA sequence due to radiation or environmental pollution

Question 4

umbilicus

Answer 4

belly button or navel

Question 5

somatic cell mutation

Answer 5

change within the cells of the body. Can affect the individual but cannot be transmitted to the next generation

Question 6

dominant gene

Answer 6

inherited from either parent, freckles are dominant gene

Question 7

caudal

Answer 7

lower part of the body

Question 8

urinary system

Answer 8

filters blood to remove waste while maintaining the electrolyte and fluid balance within the body

Question 9

sagittal place

Answer 9

vertical place that divides the body into unequal left and right portions

Question 10

gland

Answer 10

group of specialized epithelial cells that can produce secretions

Question 11

lateral

Answer 11

means toward the side

Question 12

posterior

Answer 12

means situated in the back. opposite of anterior

Question 13

physiology

Answer 13

study of the functions of the body

Question 14

right and left hypochondriac regions

Answer 14

body region covered by the lower ribs

Question 15

endocrine gland

Answer 15

produce hormones, do not have ducts. Hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream and transported to organs and various structures throughout the body

Question 16

transverse plane

Answer 16

divides the body into superior and inferior portions

Question 17

cytology

Answer 17

study of the formation, structure and function of cells

Question 18

DNA

Answer 18

packaged into a chromosome as two spiraling strands that twist together to form double helix. Located on pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell. DNA contains thousands of genes that provide information for various traits, physical appearance.

Question 19

adenectomy

Answer 19

surgical removal of a gland

Question 20

astresia

Answer 20

term used to describe the congenital absence of a normal body opening or tubular opening

Question 21

chromosome

Answer 21

genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell. chromosomes are made up of DNA. Packaging genetic information into chromosomes helps to keep genetic information organized and compact. Contains nearly 100,000 genes.

Question 22

anatomic position

Answer 22

standing straight so body is erect, arms at side with palms facing forward

Question 23

anaplasia

Answer 23

change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other. abnormal cell development is characteristic of tumor formation in cancers

Question 24

aplasia

Answer 24

defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

Question 25

dysplasia

Answer 25

abnormal tissue development or growth of cells, tissues or organs

Question 26

hyperplasia

Answer 26

enlargement due to an increase in the number of cells

Question 27

hypoplasia

Answer 27

incomplete development of an organ or tissue due to the deficiency in the number of cells

Question 28

adenoma

Answer 28

benign tumor formed from glandular tissue

Question 29

gamete

Answer 29

sex cell. each containing 23 single chromosomes. When combined they form 46 single chromosomes for all somatic cells

Question 30

distal v. proxomial

Answer 30

distal is further from the body midline. Proximal is nearest to the midline

Question 31

hypertrophy?

Answer 31

abnormal increase in the volume of tissue or organ caused by the formation and growth of new normal cells.

Question 32

anomaly

Answer 32

deviation from what is regarded as normal

Question 33

nosocomial infection

Answer 33

infection acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

Question 34

hypertrophy

Answer 34

enlargement is due to an increase in the size of the cells