Chapter 7 Terms: Respiratory System Flashcards
bronch/o
bronchial tube and bronchus
laryng/o
larynx, throat
nas/o
nose
ox/i, ox/o, ox/y
oxygen
pharyng/o
throat, pharynx
phon/o
sound, voice
pleur/o
pleura, side of the body
-pnea
breathing
pneum/o
lung, air
pulm/o
lung
sinus/o
sinus
somn/o
sleep
spir/o
breathe
thorac/o - thorax
chest, pleural cavity
trache/o
windpipe, trachea
alveoli
air sacs, small grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole. Where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
anoxia
absence of oxygen from body’s tissues and organs even though there is an adequate flow of blood.
antitussive
cough medicine, administered to prevent or relieve coughing.
aphonia
loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds.
asbestosis
caused from asbestos in the lungs.
asphyxia
loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function. Caused by choking, suffocation, drowning or inhaling of CO gas.
asthma
chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes. Often triggered by an allergic reaction.
atelectasis
collapsed lung, incomplete expansion of part or all of the lung due to blockage of air passages. Pneumothorax
bradypnea
abnormally slow rate of respirations. RR < 10
bronchondilator
inhaled medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs.
bronchorrhea
excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi.
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi using bronchoscope ( flexible, fiber optic camera passed through nose or mouth )
bronchospasm
contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi tightening and squeezing the airway shut.
Cheyne- stokes respiration
irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration fellowed by slower respirations or apnea. Comatose patients or those near death.
croup
acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of larynx, hoarseness and swelling around vocal cords. Leads to barking cough or stridor.
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by lack of adequate oxygen in blood.
cystic fibrosis
life threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of thick mucus.
diphtheria
acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract. bacteria produces toxins that damage heart muscle and peripheral nerves. Preventable through immunization.
dysphonia
difficulty in speaking which may include any impairment in vocal quality including hoarseness, weakness or cracking of voice.
dyspnea
SOB, difficult or labored breathing. First symptoms of heart failure.
emphysema
progressive long term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking. characterized by decrease in number of alveoli and enlargement of remaining alveoli.
empyema
refers to collection of pus in body cavity.
endotracheal intubation
passage of tube through the mouth and into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway.
epistaxis
nose bleed can be due to dry air, injury, medication to prevent blood clotting or high blood pressure.
hemoptysis
expectoration of blood or blood stained sputum derived from lungs or bronchial tubes as a result of bronchial hemorrhage.
hemothorax
collection of blood in the pleural cavity. Commonly due to chest trauma.
hypercapnia
abnormal buildup of CO2 in the blood.
hyperpnea
Breathing that is deeper and more rapid that normal at rest. Common with exertion.
hypopnea
shallow or slow respiration.
hypoxemia
condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood usually due to repiratory disordres or heart conditions.
hypoxia
condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body’s tissues and organs.
laryngectomy
surgical removal of the larynx.
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx. Commonly used to describe voice loss caused by inflammation.
laryngoscopy
visual examination of larynx and vocal cords using laryngoscope inserted through the mouth.
laryngospasm
sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx. Sometimes associated with GERD.
mediastinum
middle section of the chest cavity located between the lungs. Contains connective tissue, organs including the heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, thymus gland and lymph nodes.
nebulizer
electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through liquid medication into a mist which can be inhaled through mouthpiece or face mask.
otolaryngologist
ENT. Physician who specializes in diseases of the head and neck.
pertussis
whooping cough, contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract. Characterized by recurrent bouts of paroxysmal cough followed by breathlessness and noisy inspiration.
pharyngitis
Sore throat. Inflammation of pharynx.
phlegm
thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining respiratory passages.
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura, membranes that cover the lungs and line the pleural cavity.
pleurodynia
sharp pain that occurs when the inflamed membranes rub against each other with each inhalation.
pneumoconiosis
any fibrosis of the lung tissue caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact.
pneumonectomy
surgical removal of all or part of the lung.
pneumonia
serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids. Commonly caused by an infection and follows an infection
pneumothorax
collection of air in the pleural space resulting in pressure imbalance that causes lung to fully or partially collapse.
polysomnography
sleep study, measures physiological activity during sleep and is often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathin
pulmonologist
is a physician that specializes in the diagnosing and treating diseases of the respiratory system.
pulse oximeter
external monitor places on patients fingertip or earlobe to measure oxygen saturation in the blood.
pyothorax
presence of pus in the pleural cavity.
sinusitis
inflammation of the sinuses.
sleep apnea
potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long enough to cause measurable decreases in blood oxygen saturation levels.
spriometer
recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled and the length of time required from each breath
tachypnea
abnormally rapid rate of respiration. RR > 20
thoracentesis
puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity. Used to removed liquid or air.
thoracotomy
surgical incision into the chest wall to gain access to the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment.
tracheostomy
surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing.
tracheotomy
procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below the blockage.
tuberculosis
infection disease that usually attacks the lungs. Pleurisy and coughing up blood are common symptoms of TB in the lungs.
