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Medical Terminology > Chapter 7 Terms: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Terms: Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchial tube and bronchus

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2
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx, throat

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3
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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4
Q

ox/i, ox/o, ox/y

A

oxygen

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5
Q

pharyng/o

A

throat, pharynx

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6
Q

phon/o

A

sound, voice

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7
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura, side of the body

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8
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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9
Q

pneum/o

A

lung, air

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10
Q

pulm/o

A

lung

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11
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus

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12
Q

somn/o

A

sleep

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13
Q

spir/o

A

breathe

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14
Q

thorac/o - thorax

A

chest, pleural cavity

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15
Q

trache/o

A

windpipe, trachea

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16
Q

alveoli

A

air sacs, small grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole. Where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.

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17
Q

anoxia

A

absence of oxygen from body’s tissues and organs even though there is an adequate flow of blood.

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18
Q

antitussive

A

cough medicine, administered to prevent or relieve coughing.

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19
Q

aphonia

A

loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds.

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20
Q

asbestosis

A

caused from asbestos in the lungs.

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21
Q

asphyxia

A

loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function. Caused by choking, suffocation, drowning or inhaling of CO gas.

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22
Q

asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes. Often triggered by an allergic reaction.

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23
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed lung, incomplete expansion of part or all of the lung due to blockage of air passages. Pneumothorax

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24
Q

bradypnea

A

abnormally slow rate of respirations. RR < 10

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25
Q

bronchondilator

A

inhaled medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs.

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26
Q

bronchorrhea

A

excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi.

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27
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the bronchi using bronchoscope ( flexible, fiber optic camera passed through nose or mouth )

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28
Q

bronchospasm

A

contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi tightening and squeezing the airway shut.

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29
Q

Cheyne- stokes respiration

A

irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration fellowed by slower respirations or apnea. Comatose patients or those near death.

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30
Q

croup

A

acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of larynx, hoarseness and swelling around vocal cords. Leads to barking cough or stridor.

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31
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by lack of adequate oxygen in blood.

32
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

life threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of thick mucus.

33
Q

diphtheria

A

acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract. bacteria produces toxins that damage heart muscle and peripheral nerves. Preventable through immunization.

34
Q

dysphonia

A

difficulty in speaking which may include any impairment in vocal quality including hoarseness, weakness or cracking of voice.

35
Q

dyspnea

A

SOB, difficult or labored breathing. First symptoms of heart failure.

36
Q

emphysema

A

progressive long term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking. characterized by decrease in number of alveoli and enlargement of remaining alveoli.

37
Q

empyema

A

refers to collection of pus in body cavity.

38
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

passage of tube through the mouth and into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway.

39
Q

epistaxis

A

nose bleed can be due to dry air, injury, medication to prevent blood clotting or high blood pressure.

40
Q

hemoptysis

A

expectoration of blood or blood stained sputum derived from lungs or bronchial tubes as a result of bronchial hemorrhage.

41
Q

hemothorax

A

collection of blood in the pleural cavity. Commonly due to chest trauma.

42
Q

hypercapnia

A

abnormal buildup of CO2 in the blood.

43
Q

hyperpnea

A

Breathing that is deeper and more rapid that normal at rest. Common with exertion.

44
Q

hypopnea

A

shallow or slow respiration.

45
Q

hypoxemia

A

condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood usually due to repiratory disordres or heart conditions.

46
Q

hypoxia

A

condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body’s tissues and organs.

47
Q

laryngectomy

A

surgical removal of the larynx.

48
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx. Commonly used to describe voice loss caused by inflammation.

49
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of larynx and vocal cords using laryngoscope inserted through the mouth.

50
Q

laryngospasm

A

sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx. Sometimes associated with GERD.

51
Q

mediastinum

A

middle section of the chest cavity located between the lungs. Contains connective tissue, organs including the heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, thymus gland and lymph nodes.

52
Q

nebulizer

A

electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through liquid medication into a mist which can be inhaled through mouthpiece or face mask.

53
Q

otolaryngologist

A

ENT. Physician who specializes in diseases of the head and neck.

54
Q

pertussis

A

whooping cough, contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract. Characterized by recurrent bouts of paroxysmal cough followed by breathlessness and noisy inspiration.

55
Q

pharyngitis

A

Sore throat. Inflammation of pharynx.

56
Q

phlegm

A

thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining respiratory passages.

57
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura, membranes that cover the lungs and line the pleural cavity.

58
Q

pleurodynia

A

sharp pain that occurs when the inflamed membranes rub against each other with each inhalation.

59
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

any fibrosis of the lung tissue caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact.

60
Q

pneumonectomy

A

surgical removal of all or part of the lung.

61
Q

pneumonia

A

serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids. Commonly caused by an infection and follows an infection

62
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air in the pleural space resulting in pressure imbalance that causes lung to fully or partially collapse.

63
Q

polysomnography

A

sleep study, measures physiological activity during sleep and is often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathin

64
Q

pulmonologist

A

is a physician that specializes in the diagnosing and treating diseases of the respiratory system.

65
Q

pulse oximeter

A

external monitor places on patients fingertip or earlobe to measure oxygen saturation in the blood.

66
Q

pyothorax

A

presence of pus in the pleural cavity.

67
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinuses.

68
Q

sleep apnea

A

potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long enough to cause measurable decreases in blood oxygen saturation levels.

69
Q

spriometer

A

recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled and the length of time required from each breath

70
Q

tachypnea

A

abnormally rapid rate of respiration. RR > 20

71
Q

thoracentesis

A

puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity. Used to removed liquid or air.

72
Q

thoracotomy

A

surgical incision into the chest wall to gain access to the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment.

73
Q

tracheostomy

A

surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing.

74
Q

tracheotomy

A

procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below the blockage.

75
Q

tuberculosis

A

infection disease that usually attacks the lungs. Pleurisy and coughing up blood are common symptoms of TB in the lungs.

Medical Terminology (26 decks)

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