Chapter 8 Terms: Digestive System Flashcards
aerophagia
excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking and is a common cause of gas in the stomach.
anastomosis
surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures.
antiematic
medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting.
aphthous ulcers
canker sores, gray-white pits with red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth. Associated with stress, food or fever.
ascites
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity. condition is usually the result of severe liver disease creating pressure on liver’s blood vessels.
bariatrics
branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases.
borborygmus
rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine.
cachexia
condition of physical wasting away due to loss of weight and muscle mass. Pt unable to absorb enough nutrients
celiac disease
hereditary autoimmune disorder characterized by the severe reaction to food containing gluten.
cheilosis
disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at corner of the mouth.
cholangiography
radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of contrast medium. Used to identify obstructions in the liver or bile ducts
cholangitis
acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant, fever, jaundice.
cholecysitis
inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile
choledocholithotomy
is an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of a gallstone.
cholelithiasis
presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
cirrhosis
chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring.
colonoscopy
direct visual examination of the inner surface of entire colon.
colostomy
surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between colon and body surface. Segment below the ostomy is usually removed and fecal matter flows into disposable bag.
Crohn’s disease
chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract. Most common in ileum
dental prophylaxis
professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus.
diveritculitis
inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon. Symptoms include sudden pain, cramping and nausea.
diverticulosis
chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon. No symptoms, from low fiber diet.
dyspepsia
indigestion, pain or discomfort in digestion.
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
enema
placement of solution into the rectum and colon to empty lower intestine through bowel activity.
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substance contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens
eructation
act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
esophageal varices
enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus. Severe bleeding occurs if these veins rupture.
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of upper GI tract.
gastroduodenostomy
is the establishment of an anastomosis between upper portion of stomach and duodenum . Performed to treat stomach cancer.
gastroesophageal reflux disease
GERD, upward flow of acid from stomach into esophagus.
gastrostomy tube
surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach. Permanently placed to provide nutrition
hematemesis
vomiting of blood, often resembles coffee grounds.
Hemoccult test
fecal occult blood test used to test for blood in stool.
hepatitis
inflammation of liver usually caused by viral infection. Viral hepatitis is leading cause of liver cancer and liver cancer.
herpes labialis
cold sores, blister like sores on lips or face. caused by HSV1
hiatal hernia
anatomical abnormality where part of stomach protrudes into chest through opening in diaphragm
hyperemesis
extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration
ileus
partial of complete blockage of the small or large intestine.
inguinal hernia
protrusion of small loop of bowel through a weak place in lower abdominal wall.
jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes and eyes. Caused by high bilirubin.
leukoplakia
abnormal white, usually benign lesion that develops on tongue or inside cheek from chronic irritation.
melena
passage of black tarry foul smelling stools. Indicates upper GI bleed.
morbid obesity
condition of weighing two times or more than the ideal weight or having BMI value greater than 40.
nasogastic intubation
placement of feeding tube through nose into stomach, temporary placement.
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat in the body, usually 20-30% over standards
palatoplasty
surgical repair of a cleft palate, or cleft lip.
peptic ulcers
sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system
peristalsis
series of wave like contractions of smooth muscle in single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system
polyp
mushroom like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane.
proctologist
physician who specializes in disorders of the color, rectum, anus.
regurgitation
return of swallowed food into the mouth
salmonellosis
transmitted by feces either through direct contact with animals or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meats and eggs.
sigmoidoscopy
endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon and descending colon.
stomatitis
inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth.
trismus
restriction to the opening of the mouth cause by trauma, surgery or radiation. Impairs speaking, swallowing, and ability to chew.
ulcerative colitis
chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers.
volvulus
twisting of the intestine on itself causing an obstruction
xerostomia
dry mouth, lack of saliva due to diminished secretions by salivary glands.
