Chapter 11 Terms: Eyes and Ears Flashcards
blephar/o
eyelid
-cusis
hearing
irid/o
iris, colored part of eye
kerat/o
horny, hard, cornea
myring/o
tympanic membrane, eardrum
ophthalm/o
eye, vision
-opia
vision condition
opt/o
eye, vision
ot/o
ear, hearing
phak/o
lens of the eye
presby/o
old age
retin/o
retina, net
scler/o
sclera, white of the eye
trop/o
turn, change
tympan/o
tympanic membrane, eardrum
adnexa
accessory or adjoining anatomical parts of an organ.
amblyopia
dimness of vision or partial loss of sight, especially in one eye without detectable disease of the eye.
ametropia
any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina. Astigmatism, hyperopia and myopia are all forms of ametropia.
anisocoria
condition in which the pupils are unequal in size.
astigmatism
is a condition om which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of the cornea.
audiometry
is the use of an audiometer to measure hearing acuity.
cataract
loss of transparency of the lens that causes a progressive loss of visual clarity. Associated with aging either congenital or due to injury.
chalazion
nodule or cyst usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland.
cochlear implant
electronic device that bypasses the damaged portion of the ear and directly stimulates the auditory nerve. The external speech processor captures sounds and converts them into digital signals. Electrodes implanted receive signals and stimulate auditory nerve, brain receives and perceives them as sounds. May take several months to adjust to the differences in speech.
conjunctivitis
pinkeye, inflammation of the conjunctiva that is usually caused by an infection or allergy.
dacryoadenitis
inflammation of the lacrimal gland caused by a bacterial, viral, fungal infection. Signs and symptoms of this condition include sudden severe eye pain, redness, and pressure in the orbit.
diplopia
double vision, perception of two images of a single object. Sometimes a symptom of serious underlying disorder such as MS or brain tumor.
ectropion
eversion (turning outward) of the edge of an eyelid. Exposes the inner surface of the eyelid to irritation and preventing tears from draining properly.
emmetropia
normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina
entropion
is the inversion(turning inward) of the edge of an eyelid. This usually affects the lower eyelid and causes the eyelashes to rub against the cornea.
esotropia
cross-eyes is strabismus characterized by inward deviation of one or both eyes.
exotropia
walleye, strabismus characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other.
fluorescein angiography
radiographic study of the blood vessel in the retina of the eye following the intravenous injection of a fluorescein dye as a contrast medium. Used to determine whether there is proper circulation in the retina vessel.
glaucoma
group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure that causes damage to the retinal nerve fibers and the optic nerve. Increase in pressure is caused by the blockage in the flow of fluid out of the eye. Untreated pressure can cause loss of peripheral vision and eventually blindness.
hemianopia
blindness in one half of the visual field.
hordeolum
nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid caused by obstruction in sebaceous gland. Type of granuloma.
hyperopia
also known as farsightedness, is a defect in which light rays focus beyond the retina. This condition can occur in childhood but usually causes difficulty after age 40.
infectious myringitis
contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on the eardrum. Associated with middle ear infection.
iridectomy
surgical removal of a portion of the tissue of the iris. Most frequently preformed to treat closed angle glaucoma.
iritis
most common form of uveitis. This inflammation of the uvea affects primarily structures in the front of the eye. Sudden onset and may last six to eight weeks.
keratitis
inflammation of the cornea. Condition can be due to many causes including bacterial, viral or fungal infections.
labyrinthectomy
surgical removalof all or a portion of the labyrinth. Performed to relieve uncontrolled vertigo, however it causes complete hearing loss in affected ear.
laser trabeculoplasty
used to treat open angle glaucoma by creating openings in the trabecular meshwork to allow fluid to drain properly.
mastoidectomy
surgical removal of mastoid cells. The procedure is used to treat mastoiditis that cannot be controlled with antibiotics or in preparation for the placement of a cochlear implant.
mydriasis
dilation of the pupil.
myopia
nearsightedness, is a defect in which light rays focus in front of the retina. This condition occurs most commonly around puberty.
myringotomy
small surgical incision in the eardrum to relieve pressure from excess pus or fluid or to create an opening for the placement of ear tubes.
nyctalopia
night blindness, is a condition in which an individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night.
nystagmus
involuntary constant rhythmic movement of the eyeball that can be congenital or caused by a neurological injury or drug use.
ophthalmoscopy
funduscopy is the use of an ophthalmoscope to visually examine the fundus or the eye. This examination includes the retina, optic disk, choroid and blood vessel.
optometrist
holds a doctor of optometry degree and provides primary eye care, including diagnosing eye diseases and conditions and measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses are needed.
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear.
otomycosis
fungal infection of the external auditory canal
otopyorrhea
flow of pus from the ear.
otorrhea
discharge from the ear.
otosclerosis
ankylosis ( fusing together) of the bones of the middle ear, resulting in a conductive hearing loss. Treated with stapedectomy.
papilledema
choked disk, swelling and inflammation of optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through the optic disk. Swelling can be caused by increased ICP or tumor pressing on optic nerve.
periorbital edema
swelling of the tissues surrounding the eye or eyes. Gives bloated appearance and cause eyes to be partially covered by the swollen eyelids.
photophobia
excessive sensitivity to light and can be a result of migraines, excessive wearing of contact lenses, drug use or inflammation.
presbyopia
condition of common changes in the eye that occur with aging. Near vision declines noticeably as the lens becomes less flexible and the muscles of the ciliary body become weaker. Eyes are no longer able to focus the image properly on the retina.
ptosis
drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis.
radial keratotomy
surgical procedure to treat myopia. during the surgery incisions are made in the cornea to cause it to flatten. These incisions allow the sides of the cornea to bulge outward and thereby flatten the central portion of the cornea. This brings the focal point of the eye closer to the retina and improves distance vision.
retinopexy
used to reattach the detached area in the retinal detachment.
scleritis
inflammation of the sclera. Condition is usually associated with infections, chemical injuries or autoimmune diseases.
sensorineural hearing loss
nerve deafness, develops when the
stapedectomy
surgical removal of the top portion of the stapes bone and the insertion of a small prosthetic device known as a piston that conducts sound vibrations to the inner ear.
strabismus
disorder in which the eyes point in different directions or are not aligned correctly because eye muscles are unable to focus together.
tarsorrhaphy
partial or complete suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids to protect the eye when the lids are paralyzed and unable to close normally.
tinnitus
condition of a ringing, buzzing or roaring sound in one or both ears. Often associated with hearing loss and is more likely to occur when there is prolonged exposure to loud noises.
tonometry
measurement of intraocular pressure.
tympanometry
use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear. Used to test for middle ear fluid buildup or eustachian tube obstruction or to evaluate conductive hearing loss.
vertigo
sense of whirling, dizziness and loss of balance that is often combined with nausea and vomiting. Sometimes associated with inner ear problems such as Meniere’s disease.
vitrectomy
removal of the vitreous humor and its replacement with a clear solution. Procedure is sometimes preformed to treat a retinal detachment or when a diabetic retinopathy causes blood to leak and cloud the vitreous humor .
xerophthalmia
dry eye. Drying of eye surfaces, including the conjunctiva because the tear glands do not produce enough tears. Associated with aging but also rheumatoid arthritis or lack of vitamin A.
