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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 Terms: Immune and Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Terms: Immune and Lymphatic System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anti-

A

against

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2
Q

carcin/o

A

cancerous

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3
Q

immun/o

A

immune, protection, safe

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4
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph, lymphatic tissue

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5
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node or gland

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6
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

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7
Q

neo-

A

new, strange

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8
Q

-oma

A

tumor, neoplasm

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9
Q

onc/o

A

tumor

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10
Q

phag/o

A

to eat or swallow

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11
Q

-plasm

A

formative material of cells

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12
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh, connective tissue

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13
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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14
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

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15
Q

tox/o

A

poison, poisonous

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16
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

AIDS, most advanced and fatal stage of HIV infection.

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17
Q

allergen

A

substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual

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18
Q

anaphylaxis

A

systemic reaction, severe response in which symptoms develop quickly can be deadly without swift medical assistance.

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19
Q

antibodies

A

disease fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen.

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20
Q

antibiotics

A

medication capable of inhibiting or slowing growth or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms. NOT VIRUSES.

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21
Q

antifungal

A

agent that destroys or inhibits growth of fungal infection.

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22
Q

antigen

A

any substance that the body regards as being foreign. This includes viruses, bacteria, toxins and transplanted tissue.

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23
Q

antibody - antigen reaction

A

also known as immune reaction, reaction labels potentially dangerous antigen so it can be recognized and destroyed by other cells in immune response.

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24
Q

autoimmune disorder

A

large group of diseases characterized by condition in which immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues, mistaking healthy tissue and cells for antigens.

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25
Q

bacilli

A

rod shaped, spore forming bacteria

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26
Q

bacteria

A

one celled microscopic organisms. Most are not harmful to humans

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27
Q

benign

A

non life threatening, but can cause damage as it grows and place pressure on nearby structures.

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28
Q

candidiasis

A

.

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29
Q

carcinoma

A

malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue ( protective covering for all the internal and external surfaces of the body ) Tend to infiltrate and produceG metastases.

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30
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded surrounding tissue.

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31
Q

complement system

A

group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form. When needed these cells complement the ability of antibodies to ward off pathogens by combining with them to dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria.

32
Q

cytokines

A

group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by Tcells. Intercellular signals to begin the immune response.

33
Q

cytomegalovirus

A

found in most body fluids. present typically as a silent infection - no signs or symptoms of infection. Can cause infection in individuals with weakened immune system, or when transmitted from mother to child.

34
Q

cytotoxic drug

A

medication that kills or damages cells. Used as immunosuppressants or as antineoplastics ( neoplast : tumor )

35
Q

ductal carcinoma in situ

A

DICS, breast cancer at its earliest stages before cancer has broken through wall of milk duct. 100% curable.

36
Q

hemolytic

A

function of spleen in destroying worn out RBC and releasing hemoglobin for reuse.

37
Q

herpes zoster

A

shingles. Acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow inflamed nerve route. Inflammation occurs when dormant chickenpox virus is reactivated.
Vaccine available.

38
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

cancer of immune system distinguished by presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as reed-sternberg cells. Spread of cells compromises ability to fight infection.

39
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

HIV. Blood borne infection in which virus damages or kills Tcells. This causes progressive failure of immune system leaving it at risk for opportunistic infections.

40
Q

immunoglobulins

A

bind with specific antigens, secreted by plasma cells known as antibodies.

41
Q

immunosuppressant

A

substance that prevents or reduces body’s normal immune response. Used as rejection of donor tissue to depress autoimmune disorder.

42
Q

immunotherapy

A

biological therapy is a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response. stimulate- cancer
repress- allergic response

43
Q

infectious mononucleosis

A

Mono caused by Epstein-barr virus. Fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes. Swelling of spleen or liver involvement can develop.

44
Q

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

A

starts in the milk duct and invades the fatty breast tissue outside the duct. Most common form.

45
Q

interferons

A

produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells. Activate the immune system, fight viruses by slowing multiplication and signal other cells to increase defenses.

46
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

disease process affecting lymph node/s

47
Q

lymphangioma

A

benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of lymphatic system.

48
Q

lymphedema h

A

swelling of tissues due to abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within tissue.

49
Q

lymphocytes

A

leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells. Work together with the body’s organ to defend against antigens.

50
Q

lymphoma

A

general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues.

51
Q

lymphoscintigraphy

A

diagnostic test preformed to detect damage or malformations of lymphatic vessels. Radioactive substance injected into lymph ducts and movement followed.

52
Q

macrophage

A

type of leukocytes that surround and kill invading cells. Remove dead cells and stimulate action of other immune cells.

53
Q

malaria

A

parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes that is transferred to human with bite.

54
Q

malignant

A

becoming progressively worse or life threatening.

55
Q

mammography

A

radiographic examination of the breasts to detect presence of tumors or precancerous cells.

56
Q

metastasis

A

process by which cancer spreads to new site. Term can also be used to describe tumor itself.

57
Q

metastasize

A

means to spread from one place to another. often through circulatory or lymphatic system.

58
Q

myoma

A

benign tumor made up of muscle tissue.

59
Q

myosarcoma

A

malignant tumor from muscle tissue.

60
Q

non-Hodgkins lymphoma

A

more common. all other lymphomas other that Hodgkins. some slow and some fast in progression.

61
Q

opportunistic infection

A

is caused by pathogen that does not normally produce illness in healthy humans. However when host is weakened able to cause infection.

62
Q

osteosarcoma

A

hard tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of long bone, pelvis or knee.

63
Q

parasite

A

plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at expense of that organism.

64
Q

rabies

A

acute viral infection transmitted to humans from bite or saliva of infected animal. Once symptoms develop rabies is nearly always fatal.

65
Q

rickettsia

A

small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas and ticks, mites. Rocky mountain spotted fever.

66
Q

rubella

A

german measles, or three day measles. viral infection with low grade fever, inflamed eyes and pink rash. Serious during pregnancy causes defects.

67
Q

sarcoma

A

malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues. Hard, soft, and liquid connective tissues.

68
Q

spirochetes

A

long, slender, spiral shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement.

69
Q

splenomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of spleen. from bleeding, infectious, abnormal function

70
Q

staphylococci

A

bacteria that form clusters/groups. typically harmless and reside on skin and mucous membranes .

71
Q

streptococci

A

bacteria that form chain. cause strep, meningitis and nec fas.

72
Q

systemic reaction

A

reaction that affects number of organs and tissues. Affects body as a whole.

73
Q

teletherapy

A

provide therapy through internet.

74
Q

toxoplasmosis

A

parasite commonly transmitted from pets to humans through feces. Risk to pregnant mothers

75
Q

varicella

A

chickenpox. highly contagious. Fever and rash with fluid filled blisters that form crusts.

Medical Terminology (26 decks)

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