Chapter 9 Part 2

Question 1

Reciprocal liking

Answer 1

when you like someone and that person also likes you.

Question 2

reciprocal liking can come about because of a

Answer 2

self fulfilling prophecy. individuals who thought they were liked behaved in more likeable ways with their partner; they disclosed more about themselves, disagreed less about the topic under discussion, and generally behcaed in a warmer more pleasant manner.

Question 3

reciprocal liking effects can occur only IF:

Answer 3

you like yourself in the first place. people with negative self concepts tend to be skeptical about others actually liking them, and therefore do not necessarily reciprocate liking.

Question 4

determinants of who we come to like

Answer 4

1. propinquity (proximity)
2. similarity
3. reciprocal liking
4. physical attractiveness

Question 5

physical attractiveness is more important than we think

Answer 5

true. even though people list it lower in the “characteristics of a mate” than kindness and honesty for example, more relationships start because we find the other person more attractiven

Question 6

nursing study and attractiveness

Answer 6

neonatal nurses responded more positively to cuter babies and gave them better care. cuter babies gained weight more quickly and were discharged sooner than the less attractive babies.

Question 7

attractiveness and income are __- correlated

Answer 7

positively correlated.

Question 8

beautiful is good hypothesis.

Answer 8

we assume that attractive individuals possess a host of desirable traits. studies have shown that people attribute more positive qualities to physically attractive people than to less attractive people after a mere three minutes of interaction.

the beautiful are thought to be more sociable, extraverted, and popular than the less attractive. they are also seen as more sexual, happier, and assertive.

Question 9

cultural standards of beauty

Answer 9

even though racial and ethnic groups do vary in specific facial features, people from a wide range of cultures agree on what is attractive.

Question 10

Cultural differences in the “beautiful is good” stereotype

Answer 10

collectivist and individualistic cultures both believe in the beautiful is good hypothesis, but the traits they associate with “beautifuL” are traits that are good for the specific cultures.

for collectivist cultures, beauty is associated with empathy and honesty, and for individualistic cultures, beauty is associated with dominance and strength.

Question 11

misattribution of arousal

Answer 11

the process whereby people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do. (ex/ suspension bridge study)

Question 12

4 basic kinds of love

Answer 12

1. passionate/romantic
2. companionate
3. compassionate
4. attachment

Question 13

companionate love

Answer 13

the feelings of intimacy and affection we feel toward someone whose our lives are deeply intertwined.

Question 14

passionate love

Answer 14

feelings of intense longing, accompanied by physiological arousal. great fulfillment and ecstasy, but when things are not good, we feel sadness and despair.

Question 15

two brain regions associated with passionate love

Answer 15

VTA and Caudate nucleus

• these areas were more active in participants who were looking at photographs of their romantic partner rather than an acquaintance.

Question 16

which is the “true” definition of love

Answer 16

it has been seen that companionate (honesty, caring, respect, loyalty) love is more capturing the meaning of love more so than passionate (energy, euphoria, butterflies) love. moreover, participants reported that they relied on the level of companionate love, rather than the level of passionate love, when deciding whether a relationship was progressing or deteriorating.

Question 17

gender and love

Answer 17

• men fall in love more quickly than women and are more likely to endorse romantic beliefs such as “true love lasts forever”

Question 18

T/F: men and women’s views of love are actually more similar than has been thought

Answer 18

true. men rank passionate love higher than women, and women rank companionate love higher than men, but BOTH rank companionate love as the highest

Question 19

T/F in collectivist cultures, romantic love is just as important

Answer 19

false. people in individualistic cultures value passionate love more than people from collectivist cultures. many studies have shown that people from collectivist cultures value companionate love more than people from individualistic cultures.

Question 20

differences in factors of relationship satisfaction in terms of collectivist and individual cultures

Answer 20

in collecivist cultures, family approval and feeling values by one’s partner predicted relationship satisfaction. for people in individualistic cultures, feeling values by one’s partner was a significant predictor of satisfaction, but family approval was not.