Chapter 10 Lecture Part 2 Flashcards
outline the study done by Batson et al 1978that mimicked Darley and Batson sermon study
Batson et al:
- students were told they had to GIVE a lecture (helping vs non helping topic)
- some purposely delayed
- added variable: importance of coming on time. People who were told”this is important to give this talk on time”
- people who were told to BE ON TIME but then were PURPOSELY MADE LATE were LESS LIKELY to help the confederate.
T?F people are more reluctant to help the person if they are dirty, smelling or lacking in personal hygiene
true
T/F people are more reluctant to help if we think they are responsible for their predictament
true.
T/F people are more reluctant to help if the person is unpredictable: unsure now if the person would react
true
T/F people are more reluctant to help if the person is of a different race
true
explain the pillarin bus study and race. Hypothesis and DV and finding?
- conducted on a commuter transportation. Black and white acting students as though they needed help.
- portrayed as being drunk or sick
- BD, BS, WD, WS
- kept track of “what type” of student is helped
- HYPOTHESIS: thought that people would be least likely to help the drunk student or black student
Findings: sick student got help, race doesn’t matter. Any person on their train helped regardless of race. If student was drunk, only members of their own race would help the student.
Bystander seizure experiment
in the video, it was noted that people were more likely to report a seizure if you were alone, and less likely to act if there were multiple people.
T/F the amount of money you have is correlated with happiness, even after basic needs are met
false. anything above basic needs is very weakly correlated.
in developed countries, peoples income has been going up but their happiness level has remained the same.
explain the akin and dunn study about how prosocial behaviour via spending is linked to happiness
- assessed participants happiness in the morning
- gave participants $5 or $20 and then asked to either spend the money on themselves or on someone else
- rated their happiness in the afternoon.
- findings: spending money on others were significantly happier than people who spent money on themselves. Didn’t matter if it was $5 or $20, as long as ti was on someone else.
explain the follow up study done by Aknin and Dunn after the $5 and $20 study was done
addressed the question: if spending money on other people increases your happiness, why do we spend more money on ourselves?
in this follow up study, they described the first experiment (imaging if you were given $5 or $20 and being told to spend it on yourself or someone else)
- asked: in which of these conditions would YOU be happiest?
FINDINGS: people believed that they would be happiest when they spent it on themselves, and if they received $20 instead of $5.
therefore, people don’trealize what makes them happy.
explain the study conducted by Aknin et al (2012) that looked at the positive loop of spending on others.
- asked its to think about a previous purchase they had made, either for someone else or for youself.
- when people remembered, spending money on other people made them happier
- they then gave the participants $5 or $20. and gave them the choice to either treat yourself or someone else
- the happier the people were after the first phase (the one where you hought about helping others), their more likely you were to spend money on someone else. AMOUNT DIDN”T MATTER
- solidifes the notion that if you send on others, you get happy, which causes you to spend more on others.
describe the physiological benefit you get from helping others (WHILLIEAMS ET AL)
- hypothesized that there are health benefits when spending money on other people
- index of health: BP assessment over 6 week period
found: when people spent money on others, their blood pressure actually lowered.
According to AKNIN, when are we happiest after spending?
when we spend money, we are especially happy when we are aware of the positive impact that our money is having on others.
describe the study AKNIN did that looked at prosocial spending and culture
- kiijed at amount of charitable giving their citizens do per country
- also looked at happiness ranking of each country (126 countries)
- positive correlation between level of charitable donations of a country and happiness levels of he coutnry
- most countries gave– maybe this is hardwired in when we are pretty young
Describe the study done by AKNIN 2012 which demonstrated that prosocial giving behaviour happens at a young age.
- gave children bowls of fish crackers
- could geed fish crackers to the puppet who enthusiastically gobbled them up, or could eat it.
- the experimenter finds another cracker to give to the child to give to the puppet
conclusion based on facial expression: children were happier giving away crackers to puppet than when they were initially receiving the crackers. they were happier when they gave crackers from their won bowl, compared to when they were giving crackers from the researchers.
