Chapter 9 Part 1

Question 1

According to Art Aron, the central human motivation is “self expansion,” which is:

Answer 1

the desire to overlap or blend with another person, so that you have access to the person’s knowledge, insights, and experiences and thus broaden and deepen your own experiences in life.

Question 2

propinquity effect

Answer 2

the finding that the more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends.

Question 3

propinquity effect works on a ___ level

Answer 3

micro level. (the relationship between individual proximity and attraction)

Question 4

research done at MIT about propinquity effect

Answer 4

researchers tracked friendship formation among the couples in the apartment buildings. researchers asked the residents to name their three closest friends in the housing project. 65% of the residents mentioned people who lived in the same building, even though other buildings were not far away.

even more so, 41% of next door neighbours indicated that they were friends, compared to 22% of those two lived two doors apart and only 10 % of those who ived on opposite ends of the hall.

Question 5

attraction and propinquity rely not only on actual distance, but also on the more psychological ____ distance

Answer 5

functional distance: aspects of architectural design that determine which people you cross paths with most often.

Question 6

propinquity works because of familiarity, or the ___ ____ effect

Answer 6

mere exposure effect

Question 7

mere exposure effect on attraction and propinquity

Answer 7

the more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more apt we are to like it. We associate positive things that are familiar. We see certain people a lot, and the more familiar they become, the more friendship blooms.

Question 8

classroom study about mere exposure effect

Answer 8

confederates were planted in a classroom with women students. they never interacted or talked to each other, but the confederates were present for a different amount of time (ex/ 1-20 classes)

at the end of the semester, the students in the class were shown slides of the women ,whom they rated on several measures of liking and attraction. it turns out that there MERE EXPOSURE had a definite effect on liking, even though the students never actually interacted with the confederates.

Question 9

T/F People report being more comfortable revealing their “true” self over the Internet compared with a face to face interaction

Answer 9

true. a stud found that participants reported more liking for an Internet partner than a partner they met in person, even when, unbeknownst to them, it was actually the same person

Question 10

social compensation hypothesis

Answer 10

the notion that online friendships are more likely to be formed by lonely, introverted people who may lack the social skills required to form relationships in person.

Question 11

rich get richer hypothesis

Answer 11

the notion that people who are extroverted and have good social skills use the internet as another way of acquiring even more friends

Question 12

according to a study, the ____ ___ hypothesis is supported among socially anxious boys, and the ___ ___ ___ hypothesis is supported among girls.

Answer 12

the SOCIAL COMPENSAITON hypothesis is supported among socially anxious boys, and the RICH GET RICHER hypothesis is supported among girls.

Question 13

T/F: relationships can fully blossom in completeness fully online

Answer 13

false. in studies done, online interaction and similar interested fostered a friendship, but most friendships or relationships did not continue or blossom into something more unless modes of communication were sought out in addition to online platforms – FACE TO FACE interaction is necessary at some point

Question 14

T/F people report opening up more and being more satisfied with their offline rather than their online friendships

Answer 14

true.

Question 15

disillusionment can set in when:

Answer 15

the person you meed doesn’t live up to the image presented online.

Question 16

similarity

Answer 16

attraction to people who are like us.

Question 17

complementarity

Answer 17

attraction to people who are opposite of us

Question 18

evidence shows that ___, not ____ draws people together

Answer 18

similarity, not complementarity, draws people together.

Question 19

similarity is important for ___ and ___, but not so much for ____.

Answer 19

important for attitudes and values, but not so much for personality.

Question 20

similarity effects seem to be strongest in ___ cultures.

Answer 20

similarity effects seem to be strongest in INDIVIDUALISTIC cultures.

Question 21

Why is similarity so important in attraction? (three reasons)

Answer 21

1. we tend to think that people who are similar to us will be inclined to like us
2. people who are similar to us provide us with important social validation for our beliefs and characteristics.
3. rewards of interaction. if a person feels the same way as we do on important issues, we assume it would be enjoyable to spend time with him or her.

Question 22

similarity can lead to attraction, but can attraction lead to similarity ?

Answer 22

yes. it has been shown that the more attracted we are to someone, the more similar we assume that person is to us. it has been shown that we overestimate the degree of similarity between themselves and their partner.

this finding holds true for all types of relationships: friendships, same sex relationships, and heterosexual relationships.

Question 23

similarity can lead to attraction, but can attraction lead to similarity ?

Answer 23

yes. it has been shown that the more attracted we are to someone, the more similar we assume that person is to us. it has been shown that we overestimate the degree of similarity between themselves and their partner.

this finding holds true for all types of relationships: friendships, same sex relationships, and heterosexual relationships.

Question 24

Perceived vs actual similarity

Answer 24

people who are friends/attracted to each other think they are more similar than they actually are. findings have shown that perceived similarity predicted liking and attraction better than actual similarity did.

thus, FEELING similar to another is so important that we will create beliefs about the similarity between ourselves and intimate others, believing that similiarites exist even when they don’t.