Chapter 9 notes pt. 1 Flashcards
Contrast the four basic philosphical reasons for sentencing criminals.
Under the principle of retriutive justice, the severity of the punishment is in porportion to the severity of the crime. Punishment is an end in itself. In contrast, the deterrence approach seeks to prevent future crimes by setting an example. Such punishment is based on its deterrent value and not necessarily on the severity of the crime. The incapacitation theory of punishment simply argues that a criminal in prison cannot inflict further harm on society. In contrast, the rehabilitation theory believes that criminals can be rehabilitated in the appropriate prison environment.
List the four basic philosphical reasons for sentencing criminals.
- retribution
- deterrence
- incapacitation
- rehabilitation
the philosophy that those whho commit criminal acts should be punished based on the severity of the crime and that no other factors need to be considered
retribution
retribution relies on the principle of _____ _______.
just deserts
a sanctioning philosophy based on the assertion that criminals deserve to be punished for breaking societys’ rules
just deserts
the strategy of preventing crime through the threat of punishment
deterrence
what are the two types of deterrence?
- general deterrence
2. specific deterrence
which type of deterrence, by punishing one person, others will be discouraged from committing a similiar crime
general deterrence
which type of deterrence, assumes that an individual, after being punsihed once for a certain act, will be less likely to repeat that act because she or he doesn’t want to be punished again
specific deterrence
What is the problem with general deterrence?
It assumes a person commits a crime only after a rational decision-making process
What is the problem with specific deterrence?
a relatively small number of habitual offenders are responsible for the majority of certain criminal acts
a strategy for preventing crime by detaining wrongdoers in prison, thereby separating them from the community and reducing criminal opportunities
incapacitation
What are the problems with incapacitation?
- unlike retributiion, it offers no proportionally with regard to a particular crime
- protects society only until the criminal is freed
- may increase the likelihood of crime
the philospohy that soceity is best served when wrongdoers are provided the resources needed to eliminate criminality from their behavioral pattern
rehabilitation
___________ is the most humane goal of punishment
rehabilitation
rehabilitation is the most ________ goal of punishment
humane
after the initial shock of crime, victims are mostly concerned with?
- an opportuntiy to participate in the process
- financial reparations
- an apology
an approach to punsihment designed to repair the harm done to the victim and the community by the offender’s criminal act
restorative justice
monetary compensation for damages doen to the victim by the offender’s criminal act
restitution
the amount of restituition is sometimes determined through ______-________ ___________, a process that involves a face-to-face meeting between the two parties of the crime?
victim-offender mediation
what is victim-offender mediation?
a process that involves a face-to-face meeting between the two parties of the crime
The sating “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” reflects the concept of _________ as a justification for punishment.
retribution
The goal of __________ is to prevent furture crimes by “setting an example,” while ________ purports to prevent crime by keeping offenders behind bars.
deterrence
incapacitation
Models of _________ suggest that criminals can be “treated” and possibly even “cured”.
rehabilitation
