Chapter 5 notes pt. 2

Question 1

_______ officers make up the backbone of a police department.

Answer 1

patrol

Question 2

one of their primary functions is to _______ crime by maintaining a visible _______ in the community.

Answer 2

deter

presence

Question 3

in the past two decades, _________ or the science of crime investigation, has been revolutionized by the technique of _________ _________, in which crime lab use samples of a person’s genetic material to match suspects to crimes.

Answer 3

forensics

DNA fingerprinting

Question 4

________, in contrast, investigate crimes that have already occurred.

Answer 4

detectives

Question 5

Without exception, modern police departments practice ________-driven policing, in which officers responds to calls for________, such as 911 phone calls after a crime has occurred.

Answer 5

incident

service

Question 6

Along the same lines, most patrol officers work ______ patrols, in which they cover designated areas and react to the incidents they encounter.

Answer 6

general

Question 7

________ patrols, which often focus on “hot spots” of crime, and ________ arrest policies, which target a particular type of criminal behavior, have both been shown to be very effective.

Answer 7

directed

proactive

Question 8

Like any organization, a police department has a _________ that determines the values of its employees.

Answer 8

subculture

Question 9

In law enforcement, these values are shaped by the _________ dangers, such as assault, and mental dangers such as high levels of _________, that officers face every day..

Answer 9

physical

stress

Question 10

Laws regulating police use of force rely on two concepts: _________ force, which is the amount of force that a rational would consider necessary in a given situation, and _________ force, which is a level of force that will place the subject in grave bodily danger.

Answer 10

reasonable

deadly

Question 11

Misconduct such as accepting bribes or shaking down citizens is known as _________, and such behavior is investigated by ________ ________ units within police departments.

Answer 11

corruption

internal affairs

Question 12

In matters of ethics, a police officer is often guided by his or her sense of ________, or the obligation to act in a certain manner, and feelings of ________ toward fellow officers.

Answer 12

duty

loyalty

Question 13

Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.

Answer 13

Law enforcement agents gather trace evidence such as blood, semen skin, or hair from the crime scene. Because these items are rich in DNA, which provides a unique genetic blueprint for every living organism, crime labs can create a DNA profile of known criminals stored in databases. If the profiles match then law enforcement agents have found a strong suspect for the crime.

Question 14

What are the three traditional forms of police corruption?

Answer 14

1. bribery
2. shakedowns
3. mooching

Question 15

Explain what an ethical dilema is ?

Answer 15

an ethical dilema is a situation in which police officers:

• do not know the right course of action
• have difficulty doing what they consider to be right
• find the wrong choice very tempting

Question 16

What are the four types of ethical dilemmas?

Answer 16

1. discretion
2. duty
3. honesty
4. loyalty