Chapter 11 notes pt. 2

Question 1

federal prisons are much more likely to hold ______ ______ offenders, a group that includes violators of federal immigration law

Answer 1

public order

Question 2

federal prisons are much more likely to hold public order offenders, a group that includes violators of ________ _________ law

Answer 2

federal immigration

Question 3

the management structure of a prison and the police department both share what qualities?

Answer 3

1. rely on a hierarchial (top-down) chian of command to increase personal responsiblity
2. assign different employees to specific tasks, though prison managers have much more direct control over their subordinates than do police managers

Question 4

What is a major difference between the management structure of a prison and the police department?

Answer 4

police departments have a continuity of purpose that’s sometimes lacking in prison organizations

Question 5

police departments have a _______ of _______ that’s sometimes lacking in prison organizations

Answer 5

continuity

purpose

Question 6

the prison official who is ultimately responsible for the organization and performance of a correctional facility

Answer 6

warden

Question 7

a warden is also known as ___________

Answer 7

superintendent

Question 8

_________ _________, make up more than half of a prison’s staff and operate under a militaristic hierarchy

Answer 8

custodial employees

Question 9

custodial employees, make up more than half of a prison’s staff and operate under a _________ hierarchy

Answer 9

militaristic

Question 10

Describe the formal prison management system.

Answer 10

A formal system is militaristic, with a hierarchical (top-down) chain of command; the warden (or superintendent) is on top, then deputy wardens, and last, custodial employees.

Question 11

the process through which prison officials determine which correctional facility is best suited to the individual offender

Answer 11

classification

Question 12

List and briefly explain the four types of prisons.

Answer 12

1. maximum-security prisons.
   Are designed mainly with security and surveillance in mind. Such prisons are usually large and consist of cell blocks, each of which is set off by a series of gates and bars.
2. Medium-security prisons.
   Offer considerably more educational and treatment programs and allow more contact between inmates. Such prisons are usually surrounding by high fences rather than by walls.
3. Minimum-security prisons.
   Permit prisoners to have television sets and computers and often allow prisoners to leave the grounds for educational and employment purposes.
4. Supermaximum-security (supermax) prisons.
   Prisoners are confined to one-person cells for up to twenty-two and a half hours per day under constant video camera surveillance

Question 13

In general prison administrators rely on what three criteria for classification purposes?

Answer 13

1. the seriousness of the crime committed
2. the risk of future criminal or violent conduct
3. the need for treatment and rehabilitation programs

Question 14

a correctional institution designed and organized to control and discipline dangerous felons, as well as prevent escape

Answer 14

maximum-security prisons

Question 15

maximum security prisons are designed with full attention to _______ and __________

Answer 15

security

surveillance

Question 16

about ___ of the prisons in the U.S are classified as maximum security, and these institutions house about ___ of the country’s prisoners

Answer 16

1/4

1/3

Question 17

the entire operation (of a maximum security prison) is usually surrounded by _______ _____ that stand 20 to 30 feet high and have also been sunk deep into the ground to deter ______ ________

Answer 17

concrete walls

tunnel escapes

Question 18

cells are located in ____ ______, each of which forms its own security unit, set off by a series of ______ and ____.

Answer 18

cell blocks
gates
bars

Question 19

in maximum security prisons use _________ ____________ ________ may be used to monitor.

Answer 19

television surveillance cameras

Question 20

maximum security prisons use constant “_____ ______” ensure that every inmate is where he or she should be

Answer 20

head counts

Question 21

a correctional facility reserved for those inmates who have extensive records of misconduct in maximum-security prisons

Answer 21

supermax prison

Question 22

what is the main purpose of supermax prisons?

Answer 22

to strictly control the inmates movement, thereby limiting (or eliminating) situations that could lead to breakdown in discipline

Question 23

supermax prisons operate in a state of perpetual _________.

Answer 23

lockdown

Question 24

_________ _______ operate in a state of perpetual lockdown.

Answer 24

supermax prisons

Question 25

a disciplinary action taken by prison officials in which all inmates are ordered to their quarters and nonessential prison activities are suspended

Answer 25

lockdown

Question 26

medium-security prisons hold about ___% of the prison population and minimum security prisons hold about ___%

Answer 26

45%

20%

Question 27

a correctional institution that houses less dangerous inmates and therefore uses less restricted measures to prevent violence and escapes

Answer 27

medium-security prison

Question 28

medium-security prisons are rarely walled, relying instead on _____ ______

Answer 28

high fences

Question 29

a correctional institution designed to allow inmates, most of whom pose low-security risks, a great deal of freedom of movement and contact with the outside world

Answer 29

minimum-security prison

Question 30

a high percentage of criminals in minimum-security prisons are _____ ______ criminals.

Answer 30

white collar

Question 31

inmates are often transferred to _________-_________ priosons as a reward for good behavior in other facilities

Answer 31

minimum-security

Question 32

The management of a prison is hierarchial, with the _________ (also known as a superintendent) at the top of the power structure.

Answer 32

warden

Question 33

_________ is a crucial component of prison management, as it determines the security requirements needed to safely incarcerate each individual offender.

Answer 33

classification

Question 34

Those offenders who have been convicted of violent crimes and repeat offenders are most likely to be sent to ________-security prisons.

Answer 34

maximum

Question 35

If a prisoner assaults another inmate or a correctional officer, prison officials may decide to transfer him or her to a _______ prison.

Answer 35

supermax

Question 36

List the reasons why private prisons can often by run more cheaply than public ones.

Answer 36

1. Labor costs are lower because private prison employees are nonunionized and receive lower levels of overtime pay, sick leave, and health care.
2. Competitive bidding allows the operations of private prisons to buy goods and services at the lowest possible prices.
3. There is less red tape in a private prison facility.

Question 37

correctional facilities operated by private corporations instead of the government and, therefore, reliant on profits for survival

Answer 37

private prisons

Question 38

public prisons lack the funds to alleviate _____________

Answer 38

overcrowding

Question 39

______ _______ lack the funds to alleviate overcrowding

Answer 39

public prisons

Question 40

the private prison is out of state, which leads to the “___________” of inmates

Answer 40

outsourcing

Question 41

when it comes to those who are against private prisons, private corrections will “____ _______” to save costs

Answer 41

“cut corners”

Question 42

those who are against private prisons, some believe it opposses the ___________

Answer 42

constitution

Question 43

most experts see continued profitablity for private prisons for what two reasons?

Answer 43

1. shrinking budgets have forced states to look for less costly alternatives to housing inmates in public prisons
2. as the number of federal prisoners increases, the BOP has turned to private prisons to expand its capacity

Question 44

The incentive for using private prisons is primarily _________.

Answer 44

financial

Question 45

prison officials also feel pressure to senf inmates to private prisons to alleviate __________ of public correctional facilities.

Answer 45

overcrowding

Question 46

critics of private prisons claim that as a result of their cost-cutting measures, inmates are denied important ___________ gurantees and thus may be put in physical danger.

Answer 46

security/safety

Question 47

The industry’s future seems assured, however, largely because of increased demand for prison beds for immigration law violators on th epart of the ___________ governement.

Answer 47

federal