Chapter 11 notes pt. 2 Flashcards
federal prisons are much more likely to hold ______ ______ offenders, a group that includes violators of federal immigration law
public order
federal prisons are much more likely to hold public order offenders, a group that includes violators of ________ _________ law
federal immigration
the management structure of a prison and the police department both share what qualities?
- rely on a hierarchial (top-down) chian of command to increase personal responsiblity
- assign different employees to specific tasks, though prison managers have much more direct control over their subordinates than do police managers
What is a major difference between the management structure of a prison and the police department?
police departments have a continuity of purpose that’s sometimes lacking in prison organizations
police departments have a _______ of _______ that’s sometimes lacking in prison organizations
continuity
purpose
the prison official who is ultimately responsible for the organization and performance of a correctional facility
warden
a warden is also known as ___________
superintendent
_________ _________, make up more than half of a prison’s staff and operate under a militaristic hierarchy
custodial employees
custodial employees, make up more than half of a prison’s staff and operate under a _________ hierarchy
militaristic
Describe the formal prison management system.
A formal system is militaristic, with a hierarchical (top-down) chain of command; the warden (or superintendent) is on top, then deputy wardens, and last, custodial employees.
the process through which prison officials determine which correctional facility is best suited to the individual offender
classification
List and briefly explain the four types of prisons.
- maximum-security prisons.
Are designed mainly with security and surveillance in mind. Such prisons are usually large and consist of cell blocks, each of which is set off by a series of gates and bars. - Medium-security prisons.
Offer considerably more educational and treatment programs and allow more contact between inmates. Such prisons are usually surrounding by high fences rather than by walls. - Minimum-security prisons.
Permit prisoners to have television sets and computers and often allow prisoners to leave the grounds for educational and employment purposes. - Supermaximum-security (supermax) prisons.
Prisoners are confined to one-person cells for up to twenty-two and a half hours per day under constant video camera surveillance
In general prison administrators rely on what three criteria for classification purposes?
- the seriousness of the crime committed
- the risk of future criminal or violent conduct
- the need for treatment and rehabilitation programs
a correctional institution designed and organized to control and discipline dangerous felons, as well as prevent escape
maximum-security prisons
maximum security prisons are designed with full attention to _______ and __________
security
surveillance
about ___ of the prisons in the U.S are classified as maximum security, and these institutions house about ___ of the country’s prisoners
1/4
1/3
the entire operation (of a maximum security prison) is usually surrounded by _______ _____ that stand 20 to 30 feet high and have also been sunk deep into the ground to deter ______ ________
concrete walls
tunnel escapes
cells are located in ____ ______, each of which forms its own security unit, set off by a series of ______ and ____.
cell blocks
gates
bars
in maximum security prisons use _________ ____________ ________ may be used to monitor.
television surveillance cameras
maximum security prisons use constant “_____ ______” ensure that every inmate is where he or she should be
head counts
a correctional facility reserved for those inmates who have extensive records of misconduct in maximum-security prisons
supermax prison
what is the main purpose of supermax prisons?
to strictly control the inmates movement, thereby limiting (or eliminating) situations that could lead to breakdown in discipline
supermax prisons operate in a state of perpetual _________.
lockdown
_________ _______ operate in a state of perpetual lockdown.
supermax prisons
a disciplinary action taken by prison officials in which all inmates are ordered to their quarters and nonessential prison activities are suspended
lockdown
medium-security prisons hold about ___% of the prison population and minimum security prisons hold about ___%
45%
20%
a correctional institution that houses less dangerous inmates and therefore uses less restricted measures to prevent violence and escapes
medium-security prison
medium-security prisons are rarely walled, relying instead on _____ ______
high fences
a correctional institution designed to allow inmates, most of whom pose low-security risks, a great deal of freedom of movement and contact with the outside world
minimum-security prison
a high percentage of criminals in minimum-security prisons are _____ ______ criminals.
white collar
inmates are often transferred to _________-_________ priosons as a reward for good behavior in other facilities
minimum-security
The management of a prison is hierarchial, with the _________ (also known as a superintendent) at the top of the power structure.
warden
_________ is a crucial component of prison management, as it determines the security requirements needed to safely incarcerate each individual offender.
classification
Those offenders who have been convicted of violent crimes and repeat offenders are most likely to be sent to ________-security prisons.
maximum
If a prisoner assaults another inmate or a correctional officer, prison officials may decide to transfer him or her to a _______ prison.
supermax
List the reasons why private prisons can often by run more cheaply than public ones.
- Labor costs are lower because private prison employees are nonunionized and receive lower levels of overtime pay, sick leave, and health care.
- Competitive bidding allows the operations of private prisons to buy goods and services at the lowest possible prices.
- There is less red tape in a private prison facility.
correctional facilities operated by private corporations instead of the government and, therefore, reliant on profits for survival
private prisons
public prisons lack the funds to alleviate _____________
overcrowding
______ _______ lack the funds to alleviate overcrowding
public prisons
the private prison is out of state, which leads to the “___________” of inmates
outsourcing
when it comes to those who are against private prisons, private corrections will “____ _______” to save costs
“cut corners”
those who are against private prisons, some believe it opposses the ___________
constitution
most experts see continued profitablity for private prisons for what two reasons?
- shrinking budgets have forced states to look for less costly alternatives to housing inmates in public prisons
- as the number of federal prisoners increases, the BOP has turned to private prisons to expand its capacity
The incentive for using private prisons is primarily _________.
financial
prison officials also feel pressure to senf inmates to private prisons to alleviate __________ of public correctional facilities.
overcrowding
critics of private prisons claim that as a result of their cost-cutting measures, inmates are denied important ___________ gurantees and thus may be put in physical danger.
security/safety
The industry’s future seems assured, however, largely because of increased demand for prison beds for immigration law violators on th epart of the ___________ governement.
federal
