Chapter 12 notes pt. 2

Question 1

List the 6 general job categories among correctional officers.

Answer 1

1. block officers
2. work detail supervisors
3. industrial shop and school officers
4. yard officers
5. tower guards
6. administrative building assignments

Question 2

Describe the job of Block Officers.

Answer 2

1. supervise cell blocks
2. generally responsible for the well being of inmates
3. somewhat like a camp counselor

Question 3

Describe the job of Work Detail Supervisors.

Answer 3

They oversee small groups of inmates as they perform their tasks

Question 4

Describe the job of Industrial Shop and School Officers.

Answer 4

1. perform maintenance and security functions in workshop and educational programs
2. primarily responsible for making sure that inmates are on time and don’t care cause disturbances

Question 5

Describe the job of Yard Officers.

Answer 5

work the prison yard

Question 6

Describe the job of Tower Guards.

Answer 6

1. spend entire shifts in towers

2. only communicate with cellphones and/or walkie-talkies

Question 7

Describe the job of Administrative Building Assignments.

Answer 7

1. transfers paperwork
2. security at prison gates
3. act as liasons for civilians
4. oversee visitation procedures

Question 8

For a minor violation, the inmate may be “let off easy” with a _______ _______.

Answer 8

verbal warning

Question 9

For a serious infractions will result in a “______”, or a report forwarded to the institution’s _________ __________.

Answer 9

ticket

disciplinary committee

Question 10

the isolation of an inmate in a seperate cell, either as punishment or to remove the inmate from the general prison population for security reasons

Answer 10

solitary confinement

Question 11

prisons officials use ________ __________ as a form of preventititve detention for inmates.

Answer 11

solitary confinement

Question 12

prisons officials use solitary confinement as a form of ________ __________ for inmates.

Answer 12

preventitive detention

Question 13

What did the Supreme Court rule after the Hudson vs. McMillan case?

Answer 13

Minor injuries suffered by a convict at the hands of a correctional officer following an argument did violate the inmate’s rights, because there was no security concern at the time of the incident.

Question 14

What did the Supreme Court rule after the Whitley vs. Allers case?

Answer 14

The use of force by prison officials violates an inmate’s 8th Amendment protections only if the force amounts to “the unecessary and wanton infliction of pain”

Question 15

true or false: female correctional officers have proved just as effective as their male counterparts in maintaining discipline in men’s prisons.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

the general attitude of the law toward inmates is summed up by the ___ _________ to the U.S. Constitution

Answer 16

13th Amendment

Question 17

the unwritten judicial policy that favors noninterference by the courts in the administration of prisons and jails

Answer 17

“hands-off” doctrine

Question 18

the standard for violation of an inmate’s 8th Amendment rights, requiring that prison officials be aware of harmful conditions in a correctional institution and fail to take steps remedy those conditions

Answer 18

“deliberate indifference”

Question 19

Describe the hands-off doctrine of prisoner law and indicate two standards used to determine if prisoners’ rights have been violated.

Answer 19

The hands-off doctrine assumes that the care of prisoners should be left to prison officials and that it is not the place of judges to intervene. Nonetheless, the Supreme Court has created two standards to be used by the courts in determining whether a prisoner’s 8th Amendment protections against cruel and unusual punsihment have been violated.
Under the “deliberate indifference” standard, prisoners must show that prison officials were aware of harmful conditions at the facility but failed to remedy them.
Under the “identifiable human needs” standard, prisoners must show that they were denied a basic need such as food, warmth, or exercise.

Question 20

In its Wilson vs. Seiter decision, the Supreme Court created the “_________ ______ _____”.

Answer 20

identifiable human needs

Question 21

the basic human necessities that correctional facilities are required by the Constitution to provide to inmates

Answer 21

“identifiable human needs”

Question 22

the 1st Amendment reads, in part, that the federal government “shall make no law respecting an establishment of _______, or ___________ the free exercise thereof; or abriding the freedom of _______.”

Answer 22

religion
prohibiting
speech

Question 23

When wil judges limit some of the protections, from the 1st amendment?

Answer 23

when an obvious security interest is at stake

Question 24

Correctional officers known as ________ _________ are responsible for the daily well-being of the inmates in their cells.

Answer 24

block officers

Question 25

Perhaps the most stressful and important aspect of a correctional officer’s job is enforcing ________ among the inmates.

Answer 25

discipline

Question 26

To do so, the officers may use force whan a __________ security interest is being served.

Answer 26

legitimate

Question 27

Courts will not, however, accept any force that is “_________ and sadistic”.

Answer 27

malicious

Question 28

To prove that prison officials violated the _____ Amendment’s prohibtions against cruel and unusual punishment, the inmate must first show that the officials acted with “__________ indifference” in taking or not taking an action.

Answer 28

8th

deliberate

Question 29

female inmates are typically ____ income and __________, and have a history of ____________.

Answer 29

low
undereducated
unemployment

Question 30

like male inmates, female prisoners are disproportionately _________-_________, although the percentage of white female inmates has increased over the past two decades.

Answer 30

African-American

Question 31

like male inmates, female prisoners are disproportionately African-American, although the percentage of _____ female inmates has increased over the past two decades.

Answer 31

white

Question 32

female offenders are mostly incarcerated for nonviolent _____ or _________ crime

Answer 32

drug

property

Question 33

the single factor that most distinguishes female prisoners from their male counter-parts is a histoy of ________ or ________ abuse

Answer 33

physical

sexually

Question 34

an estimated ___ out of 10 female prisoners have at least one minor child

Answer 34

7

Question 35

which six states offer facilities where inmates and their infant children can live together and for how long?

Answer 35

California, Indiana, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, and Washington

Once the child is 18 months

Question 36

male prison society operates primarily on the basis of ______

Answer 36

power

Question 37

women prisoners prefer to re-create their outside identities by forming social networks that resemble the __________ _______ structure

Answer 37

traditional family

Question 38

The majority of female inmates are members of ________ groups who have been arrested for nonviolent _________ or propety crimes.

Answer 38

minority

drug

Question 39

On admission to a correctional facility, women report much higher levels of physical and sexual ________ than their male counterparts, and female inmates often suffer from depression because they are separated from their ________.

Answer 39

abuse

children