Chapter 12 notes pt. 1 Flashcards
an institution, such as prison, that provides all of the necessities for existence to those who live within its boundaries
total institutions
the socialization process through which a new inmate learns the accepted norms and values of the prison culture
prisonization
in studying prisonization, criminologists have focused on what two areas?
- how prisoners change their behavior to adapt to life behind bars
- how life behind bars has changed because of inmate behavior
List several patterns of inmate behavior.
- professional criminals adapt to prison by “doing time”
- some convicts, mostly state-raised youths or those incarcerated in juvenile detention centers, are more comfortable inside prison than outside
- other inmates take advantage of prison resources by “gleaning”, improving themselves for rehabilitation
- “disorganized” criminals exist on the fringes of prison society
an inmate who is “_______ _____” generally does not present the same security risk as one who is “jailing”
doing time
an inmate who is “doing time” generally does not present the same security risk as one who is “_______”
jailing
a prisoner today is much more likely to have been incarceated on a _____ charge or ___________ violation than was the case in the 1980’s.
drug
immigration
_____ ______ is the cause of 9 out of 10 deaths of inmates in state prisons, with______ ________ and ______ accounting for nearly half of these facilites
poor health
heart disease
cancer
nationwide, _____% of jail inmates and ____% of state, prisoners suffer from some form of mental illness.
60%
56%
organized activites for inmates that are designed to improve their physical and mental health, provide them with vocational skills, or simply keep them busy while incarcerated
prison programs
the primary goal of rehabilitation programs, from an administrative standpoint, is to reduce ________
recidivism
prison systems are often forced to limit their___________, ___________, and _________ programs
vocational
educational
treatment
list several reasons for violent behavior.
- it provides a deterent against being victimized, as a reputation for violence may elimated an inmate as a target of assault
- it enhances self-image in an environment that does not respect other attributes, such as intelligence
- in the case of rape, it gives sexual relief
- it serves as a means of acquiring material goods through extortion or outright robbery
a theory that inmate aggression is the result of the frustration inmates feel at being deprived of freedom, consumer goods, sex, and other staples of life outside the institution
deprivation model
the theory that inmate aggression is caused when freedoms and services that the inmate has come to accept as normal are deceased or eliminated
relative deprivation
Explain the concept of prison as a total institution.
Although many people spend time in partial institutions-schools, companies, where they work, and religious organizations-only in prison is every aspect of an inmates life controlled, and that is why prisons are called total institutions. Every detail for every prisoner is fully prescribed and managed.
Indicate some of the reasons for violent behavior in prisons.
- to separate the powerful from the weak and establish a prisoner hierarchy
- to minimize one’s own probability of being a target of assault
- to enhance one’s self-image
- to obtain sexual relief
- to obtain material goods through extortion or robbery
a number of prison experts have noted that collective violence often occurs in response to heightened measures of _______ at corrections facilities
security
a number of prison experts have noted that collective ________ often occurs in response to heightened measures of security at corrections facilities
violence
a group of inmates who band together within the corrections system to engage in social and criminal activities
prison gang
racial and ethnic identification is the primary focus of the ______ _____
prison gang
______ and ______ identification is the primary focus of the prison gang
racial
ethnic
racial and ethnic identification is the primary focus of the ______ _____
prison gang
_____ _________ is often the cause of inmate-on-inmate violence
gang affiliation
Although the stereotypical gang is composed of African-Americans or Hispanics, the majority of large persons have ______, or “______” gangs
white
“Aryan”
Prison culture is different from the cultures of schools or workplaces because prison is a __________ _________ that dominates every aspect of the inmate’s life.
total institution
In recent decades, the prison culture has been affected by the increased average __________ of inmates, which has led to higher __________-_________ costs for corrections systems.
age
health-care
Some researchers rely on the _______ model, which focuses on the stressful and oppressive conditions of incarceration, to explain general prison violence.
deprivation
The concept of _________ ________, based on the gap between an inmate’s expectations and reality, is used to explain the conditions that lead to prison riots.
relative deprivation
