Chapter 11 notes pt. 3

Question 1

Summarize the distinction between jails and prison , and indicate the importance of jail in the American corrections systsem.

Answer 1

Generally, a prison is for those convicted of felonies who will serve lengthy periods of incarceration, whereas a jail is for those who have been convicted of misdemeanors and will serve less than a year of incarceration.
Jails also hold individuals awaiting trial, juveniles awaiting transfer to juvenile authorities, probation and parole violators, and the mentally ill.
In any given year, approcimately 13 million people are admitted to jails, and therefore jails often provide the best chance fro treatment or counseling that may deter future criminal behavior by these low-level offenders.

Question 2

a facility, usually operated by the country government, used to hold persons awaiting trial or those who have been found guilty of misdemeanors

Answer 2

jail

Question 3

jail funding is often a low priority for budget-conscious local governments, leading to severe__________ and other dismal conditions

Answer 3

overcrowding

Question 4

_____ ______ is often a low priority for budget-conscious local governments, leading to severe overcrowding and other dismal conditions

Answer 4

jail funding

Question 5

About ___% of jail inmates are white, ___% are African-American, and ___% are hispanic

Answer 5

45%
38%
16%

Question 6

About 16% of jail inmates are _______, 45% are _____, and 38% are _______-________.

Answer 6

hispanic
white
African-American

Question 7

The main difference between stae priosn and jail iinmates involves their _______ _______

Answer 7

criminal activity

Question 8

individuals who cannot post bail after arrest and are therefore forced to spend the time prior to their trial incarcerated in jail

Answer 8

pretrail detainees

Question 9

the period of time a person denied bail (or unable to pay it) has spent in jail prior to her or his trail

Answer 9

time served

Question 10

the practice of time served acknowledges two realities of jails.

Answer 10

1. terms are too short to bring rehabilitation, so they basically just punish the wrongdoer
2. jails are chronically overcrowded, and judges need to clear space for new offenders

Question 11

_______ ________and those convicted of ____________ make up the majority of the jail population

Answer 11

pretrial detainees

misdemeanors

Question 12

jail inmates also include:

Answer 12

1. probation and parole viiolators
2. the mentally ill
3. juveniles awaiting transfer to juvenile authorities
4. immigration law violators being held for the federal government

Question 13

Is this prison or jail:

are operated by the federal and state governments

Answer 13

prisons

Question 14

Is this prison or jail:

are operated by county and city governemtns

Answer 14

jail

Question 15

Is this prison or jail:

hold inmates who may have lived quite far away before being arrested

Answer 15

prisons

Question 16

Is this prison or jail:

hold mostly inmates from the local community

Answer 16

jail

Question 17

Is this prison or jail:

house only those who have been convicted of a crime

Answer 17

prisons

Question 18

Is this prison or jail:

house those who ae awaiting trial or have recently been arrested, in addition to convicts

Answer 18

jails

Question 19

Is this prison or jail:

generally hold inmates who have been found guilty of serious crimes and received sentences of longer than one year

Answer 19

prisons

Question 20

Is this prison or jail:

generally hold inmates who have been found guilty of minor crimes and are serving sentences of less than a year

Answer 20

jails

Question 21

Is this prison or jail:

often offer a wide variety of rehabilitation and educational programs for long-term prisoners

Answer 21

prisons

Question 22

Is this prison or jail:

due to smaller budgets, tent to focus only on the necessities of safety, food, and clothing

Answer 22

jails

Question 23

Explain how jails are administered.

Answer 23

Most jails are operated at the county level by an elected sheriff, although about 20 percent are under the control of municipalities and six states manage jails themselves. Sheriffs appoint jail administrators (deputy sheriffs), as well as deputy jailers.

Question 24

a jail that’s’ distinguished architecturally by a design that encourages interaction between inmates and jailers and that offers greater opportunties for treatment

Answer 24

new generation jail

Question 25

the basic structure of the new-generation jail is based on a _______ design

Answer 25

podular

Question 26

the basic structure of the ___-________ jail is based on a podular design

Answer 26

new generation

Question 27

in new generation jails, each “_____” contains “_______ _____” for indivual prisoners, and are often situated in a triangle

Answer 27

“pod”

“living units”

Question 28

in ____ ________ jails, each “pod” contains “living units” for indivual prisoners, and are often situated in a _______

Answer 28

new generation

triangle

Question 29

a process of prison and jail administrations in which correctional officers are in continuous physical contact with inmates durign the day

Answer 29

direct supervision appraoch

Question 30

Indicate some of the consequences of our high rates of incarceration.

Answer 30

Some people believe that the reduction in the country’s crime rate is a direct result of increased incarceration rates.

Others beleive that high incarceration rates are having increasingly negative social consequencess, such as financial hardships, reduced supervision and discipline of children, and a general deterioration of the family structure when one parent is in prison.

Question 31

A significant number of the people in jail are not prisoners, but rather ________ _______ who are unable to post bail and await trail.

Answer 31

pretrail detainees

Question 32

About 40 percent have been _________ of their current charges, meaning that the jail sentence is punishment for a crime-usually a _________ and not a felony.

Answer 32

convicted

misdemeanor

Question 33

Most jails are operated on a local level by the county ________.

Answer 33

sheriff