Chapter 11 notes pt. 3 Flashcards
Summarize the distinction between jails and prison , and indicate the importance of jail in the American corrections systsem.
Generally, a prison is for those convicted of felonies who will serve lengthy periods of incarceration, whereas a jail is for those who have been convicted of misdemeanors and will serve less than a year of incarceration.
Jails also hold individuals awaiting trial, juveniles awaiting transfer to juvenile authorities, probation and parole violators, and the mentally ill.
In any given year, approcimately 13 million people are admitted to jails, and therefore jails often provide the best chance fro treatment or counseling that may deter future criminal behavior by these low-level offenders.
a facility, usually operated by the country government, used to hold persons awaiting trial or those who have been found guilty of misdemeanors
jail
jail funding is often a low priority for budget-conscious local governments, leading to severe__________ and other dismal conditions
overcrowding
_____ ______ is often a low priority for budget-conscious local governments, leading to severe overcrowding and other dismal conditions
jail funding
About ___% of jail inmates are white, ___% are African-American, and ___% are hispanic
45%
38%
16%
About 16% of jail inmates are _______, 45% are _____, and 38% are _______-________.
hispanic
white
African-American
The main difference between stae priosn and jail iinmates involves their _______ _______
criminal activity
individuals who cannot post bail after arrest and are therefore forced to spend the time prior to their trial incarcerated in jail
pretrail detainees
the period of time a person denied bail (or unable to pay it) has spent in jail prior to her or his trail
time served
the practice of time served acknowledges two realities of jails.
- terms are too short to bring rehabilitation, so they basically just punish the wrongdoer
- jails are chronically overcrowded, and judges need to clear space for new offenders
_______ ________and those convicted of ____________ make up the majority of the jail population
pretrial detainees
misdemeanors
jail inmates also include:
- probation and parole viiolators
- the mentally ill
- juveniles awaiting transfer to juvenile authorities
- immigration law violators being held for the federal government
Is this prison or jail:
are operated by the federal and state governments
prisons
Is this prison or jail:
are operated by county and city governemtns
jail
Is this prison or jail:
hold inmates who may have lived quite far away before being arrested
prisons
Is this prison or jail:
hold mostly inmates from the local community
jail
Is this prison or jail:
house only those who have been convicted of a crime
prisons
Is this prison or jail:
house those who ae awaiting trial or have recently been arrested, in addition to convicts
jails
Is this prison or jail:
generally hold inmates who have been found guilty of serious crimes and received sentences of longer than one year
prisons
Is this prison or jail:
generally hold inmates who have been found guilty of minor crimes and are serving sentences of less than a year
jails
Is this prison or jail:
often offer a wide variety of rehabilitation and educational programs for long-term prisoners
prisons
Is this prison or jail:
due to smaller budgets, tent to focus only on the necessities of safety, food, and clothing
jails
Explain how jails are administered.
Most jails are operated at the county level by an elected sheriff, although about 20 percent are under the control of municipalities and six states manage jails themselves. Sheriffs appoint jail administrators (deputy sheriffs), as well as deputy jailers.
a jail that’s’ distinguished architecturally by a design that encourages interaction between inmates and jailers and that offers greater opportunties for treatment
new generation jail
the basic structure of the new-generation jail is based on a _______ design
podular
the basic structure of the ___-________ jail is based on a podular design
new generation
in new generation jails, each “_____” contains “_______ _____” for indivual prisoners, and are often situated in a triangle
“pod”
“living units”
in ____ ________ jails, each “pod” contains “living units” for indivual prisoners, and are often situated in a _______
new generation
triangle
a process of prison and jail administrations in which correctional officers are in continuous physical contact with inmates durign the day
direct supervision appraoch
Indicate some of the consequences of our high rates of incarceration.
Some people believe that the reduction in the country’s crime rate is a direct result of increased incarceration rates.
Others beleive that high incarceration rates are having increasingly negative social consequencess, such as financial hardships, reduced supervision and discipline of children, and a general deterioration of the family structure when one parent is in prison.
A significant number of the people in jail are not prisoners, but rather ________ _______ who are unable to post bail and await trail.
pretrail detainees
About 40 percent have been _________ of their current charges, meaning that the jail sentence is punishment for a crime-usually a _________ and not a felony.
convicted
misdemeanor
Most jails are operated on a local level by the county ________.
sheriff
