Chapter 10 notes pt. 2

Question 1

a criminal sanction in which a convict is allowed to remain in the community rather than be imprisoned

Answer 1

probation

Question 2

_________ is the most common form of punishment in the U.S.

Answer 2

probation

Question 3

a judicially imposed condition in which an offender is sentenced after being convicted of a crime, but it’s not required to begin saving the sentence immediately

Answer 3

suspended sentence

Question 4

Judges can also combine probation with incarceration. Such sentencing arrangements include the following:

Answer 4

1. Split sentencing
2. Shock Incarceration
3. Intermittent incarceraton

Question 5

a sentence that consits of incarceration in a prison or jail, followed by a probationary period in th ecommunity

Answer 5

split sentencing

Question 6

split sentencing is also known as ______ __________

Answer 6

shock probation

Question 7

shock probation is also known as ________ __________

Answer 7

split sentencing

Question 8

the offender spends a certain amount of time each week, usually during the weekend, in a jail, workhouse, or other government institution

Answer 8

intermittent incarceration

Question 9

Explain several alternative sentencing arrangements that combine probation with incarceration.

Answer 9

With a suspended sentence, a convicted offender is not required to serve the sentence, but the judge has the option of reinstating the sentence if the person reoffends. In addition, there are three other general types of sentencing arrangments:

 (a) split sentence probation, in which the judge specifies a certain time in jail or prison followed by a certain time on probation 
 (b) shock incarceration, in which a judge sentences an offender to be incarcerated but allows that person to petition the court to be released on probation 
 (c) intermittent incarceration, in which an offender spends a certain amount of time each week in jail or in a halfway house or another government institution.

Question 10

What are the conditions under which an offender is most likely to be denied probation?

Answer 10

1. are convicted on multiple charges
2. were on probation or parole at the time of the arrest
3. have two or more prior convictions
4. are addicted to narcotics
5. seriously injured the victim of the crime
6. used a weapon during the commission of the crime

Question 11

What are the two principles of probation?

Answer 11

1. the conditions must be realted to the dual purposes of probation
2. the conditions must not violate the U.S. Constitution, as probationers are generally entitled to the same constitutional rights as other prisoners

Question 12

What are the dual purposes of probation?

Answer 12

1. the rehabiliation of the probationer

2. the protection of the community

Question 13

What three conditions are placed on a probationer?

Answer 13

1. standard conditions
2. punitive conditions
3. treatment conditions `

Question 14

Is this a standard, punitive, or treatment condition:

which are imposed on all probation officer

Answer 14

standard conditions

Question 15

Is this a standard, punitive, or treatment condition:

which usually reflect the seriousness of the offense and are intended to increase the punishment of the offender

Answer 15

punitive conditions

Question 16

Is this a standard, punitive, or treatment condition:

which are imposed to reverse patterns of self-destructive behavior

Answer 16

treatment conditions

Question 17

Reporting regularly to the probation officer; notifying the agency of any change of address; not leaving the jurisdiction without permission; and remaining employed

These are examples of standard, punitive, or treatment conditons?

Answer 17

standard conditions

Question 18

Fines; community service; restitution; drug testing; and home confinement

These are examples of standard, punitive, or treatment conditions?

Answer 18

punitive conditions

Question 19

in larger jurisdictions, the trend has been toward separating the responsibilites with ___________ ________, handlind the presentence investigation and _____ ________, concentrating on supervision

Answer 19

investigating officers

line officers

Question 20

supervisory policies vary and are often a reflection of whether the authority to administer probation services is _______________ (under local, judicial control) or _____________ (under state, administrative control)

Answer 20

decentralized

centralized

Question 21

the power designated to an agent of the law over a person who has broken the law

Answer 21

authority

Question 22

even the most balanced, “firm but fair” approach to probation can be defeated by the problem of excessive __________

Answer 22

caseloads

Question 23

the number of individual probationers or paroles under the supervision of a probation or parole officer

Answer 23

caseloads

Question 24

the ideal caseload size is very difficult to determine because different __________ require different _______ ___ __________

Answer 24

offenders

levels of supervision

Question 25

an action taken by a probationer that, although not criminal, breaks the terms of probation as designated by the court

Answer 25

technical violation

Question 26

What are the three stages of probation revocations?

Answer 26

1. preliminary hearing
2. revocation hearing
3. revocation sentencing

Question 27

Offenders sentenced to probation serve their sentence in the _________ under the supervision of a __________ _______.

Answer 27

community

probation officer

Question 28

If a probationer commits a __________ __________ by failing to follow the ________ of his or her probation, it may be revoked.

Answer 28

technical violation

conditions

Question 29

If revocation occurs, the offender will be sent to _________.

Answer 29

prison/jail

Question 30

Explain the three stages of probation revocation.

Answer 30

1. preliminary hearing, usually before a judge, during which the facts of the probation violation are presented
2. revocation hearing, during which the probation agency presents its claims of violation and the probationer has an opportunity to refute them
3. revocation sentencing, during which a judge decides what to do with the probationer convicted of violating the terms of probation