Chapter 2 (quiz 3)

Question 1

What are the six criminal paradigms?

Answer 1

1. Choice
2. Trait
3. Sociological
4. Social Process
5. Social Conflict
6. Life-Course

Question 2

What theories are underneath which paradigms?

Answer 2

1. rational choice theory is under choice paradigm
2. biological and psychological theories are under the trait paradigm
3. social disorganization theory and strain theory are under sociological paradigm
4. learning theory, control theory, and labeling theory are under social process paradigm
5. conflict theory is under social conflict paradigm
6. life course theory is under life course paradigm

Question 3

What are the three victim’s rights laws?

Answer 3

1. restitution-victim receives compensation from the offender
2. participation in the criminal justice system, usually during trail
3. protection from harassment and abuse

Question 4

What can explain the lower crime rates?

Answer 4

1. better policing strategies
2. programs that help offenders
3. higher rates of incarceration

Question 5

__________ disproportionately comprise the criminal justice population.

Answer 5

minorities

Question 6

true or false: females account for the majority of offenders

Answer 6

false; males account for the majority of offenders

Question 7

What is criminology?

Answer 7

the study of crime and the causes of criminal behavior

Question 8

what is an explanation of a given circumstance based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning?

Answer 8

theory

Question 9

_____________ does not equal ___________

Answer 9

correlation

causation

Question 10

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ = association
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ = cause and effect

Answer 10

correlation

causation

Question 11

different biological trait theories have focused on what three things?

Answer 11

1. IQ
2. genetic links
3. biochemistry

Question 12

what’s the difference between general deterence and specific deterrence?

Answer 12

general deterrence, when someone who is considering a crime does not commit the crime because he/she fears legal punishment

specific deterrence, when someone who has been punished in the past for a crime refrains from committing another crime because he/she fears additional punishment

Question 13

what is a key punishment?

Answer 13

a personal experience

Question 14

in order to deter crime, punishments need to be?

Answer 14

1. swift
2. certain
3. severe

Question 15

according to rational choice theory, offenders are __________ individuals and seek to maximize their pleasure and minimize their plan.

Answer 15

rational

Question 16

what type of theory is know as the macro level theory of crime?

Answer 16

social disorganization theory

Question 17

what type of theories are also know as capital theories?

Answer 17

social conflict theories

Question 18

what is general theory of crime/low-self control theory?

Answer 18

crime and other behaviors can be explained by people’s low self-control

Question 19

what causes low self-control?

Answer 19

inadequate child reacting

Question 20

true or false: if someone with low self-control work hard enough they can have the same amount of control as the average person

Answer 20

false; someone with low self-control can gain more control when they mature , but will always have lower self-control then the average person

Question 21

low self control is a ______ predictor of crime

Answer 21

strong

Question 22

List the Part 1 offenses in order (from greatest to least).

Answer 22

murder
rape
robbery 
aggravated assault
burglary
larceny theft 
motor vehicle theft
arson

Question 23

List the Part 2 offenses in order (from greatest to least).

Answer 23

forgery 
embezzlement
prostitution
drug abuse 
violations

Question 24

what crimes aren’t measured well by the police?

Answer 24

rape and other sexual violence
public-order crimes
white collar crimes
domestic violence

Question 25

part ___ offenses only records arrest data.

Answer 25

2

Question 26

what is the hierarchy rule?

Answer 26

in the UCR if multiple crimes are committed in a single incident, only the most serious offense is counted

Question 27

what are the two exceptions to the hierarchy rule?

Answer 27

1. must always report arson

2. if motor vehicle theft and larceny occur in the same crime ,then the motor vehicle theft is reported.

Question 28

there is a movement to convert UCR to ______

Answer 28

NIBRS (nation incident based reporting system)