Chapter 2 (quiz 3) Flashcards
What are the six criminal paradigms?
- Choice
- Trait
- Sociological
- Social Process
- Social Conflict
- Life-Course
What theories are underneath which paradigms?
- rational choice theory is under choice paradigm
- biological and psychological theories are under the trait paradigm
- social disorganization theory and strain theory are under sociological paradigm
- learning theory, control theory, and labeling theory are under social process paradigm
- conflict theory is under social conflict paradigm
- life course theory is under life course paradigm
What are the three victim’s rights laws?
- restitution-victim receives compensation from the offender
- participation in the criminal justice system, usually during trail
- protection from harassment and abuse
What can explain the lower crime rates?
- better policing strategies
- programs that help offenders
- higher rates of incarceration
__________ disproportionately comprise the criminal justice population.
minorities
true or false: females account for the majority of offenders
false; males account for the majority of offenders
What is criminology?
the study of crime and the causes of criminal behavior
what is an explanation of a given circumstance based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning?
theory
_____________ does not equal ___________
correlation
causation
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ = association \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ = cause and effect
correlation
causation
different biological trait theories have focused on what three things?
- IQ
- genetic links
- biochemistry
what’s the difference between general deterence and specific deterrence?
general deterrence, when someone who is considering a crime does not commit the crime because he/she fears legal punishment
specific deterrence, when someone who has been punished in the past for a crime refrains from committing another crime because he/she fears additional punishment
what is a key punishment?
a personal experience
in order to deter crime, punishments need to be?
- swift
- certain
- severe
according to rational choice theory, offenders are __________ individuals and seek to maximize their pleasure and minimize their plan.
rational
what type of theory is know as the macro level theory of crime?
social disorganization theory
what type of theories are also know as capital theories?
social conflict theories
what is general theory of crime/low-self control theory?
crime and other behaviors can be explained by people’s low self-control
what causes low self-control?
inadequate child reacting
true or false: if someone with low self-control work hard enough they can have the same amount of control as the average person
false; someone with low self-control can gain more control when they mature , but will always have lower self-control then the average person
low self control is a ______ predictor of crime
strong
List the Part 1 offenses in order (from greatest to least).
murder rape robbery aggravated assault burglary larceny theft motor vehicle theft arson
List the Part 2 offenses in order (from greatest to least).
forgery embezzlement prostitution drug abuse violations
what crimes aren’t measured well by the police?
rape and other sexual violence
public-order crimes
white collar crimes
domestic violence
part ___ offenses only records arrest data.
2
what is the hierarchy rule?
in the UCR if multiple crimes are committed in a single incident, only the most serious offense is counted
what are the two exceptions to the hierarchy rule?
- must always report arson
2. if motor vehicle theft and larceny occur in the same crime ,then the motor vehicle theft is reported.
there is a movement to convert UCR to ______
NIBRS (nation incident based reporting system)
