Chapter 9- Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Question 1

The series of Maslow, Gordon Allport, Carl Rogers, Rollo May and others are sometimes thought of as the _____ _____. The first force was psychoanalysis, the second was behaviorism.

Answer 1

Third force

Question 2

Maslow married his first:

Answer 2

Cousin

Question 3

Maslow’s theory rests on five basic assumptions about motivation:

Answer 3

1) it is a holistic approach to motivation, the whole person, not any single part or function, is motivated
2) motivation is complex, and may be unconscious
3) people are continually motivated by one need or another
4) people in different cultures are motivated by the same basic needs
5) needs can be arranged in a hierarchy

Question 4

This concept assumes that lower level needs must be satisfied or at least relatively satisfied before higher-level needs become motivators

Answer 4

Hierarchy of needs

Question 5

The five needs composing Maslow’s hierarchy of needs have a striving or motivational character, they are called:

Answer 5

Conative needs

Question 6

Lower level needs, according to Maslow, have _______ over higher level needs; that is, they must be satisfied or mostly satisfied before higher level needs become activated.

Answer 6

Prepotency

Question 7

What are the five needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 7

Physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, self-actualization.

Question 8

These are the most basic needs of any person and include food, water, oxygen, maintenance of body temperature, and so on

Answer 8

Physiological

Question 9

In what two ways to physiological needs differ from

Answer 9

1) they can be completely satisfied or even overly satisfied

2) they are reccurring

Question 10

These needs include physical security, stability, dependency, protection, and freedom from danger, and which results in basic anxiety if not satisfied

Answer 10

Safety needs

Question 11

These needs include the desire for friendship, the wish for a mate and children, the need to belong to a family, a club, neighborhood, or a nation.

Answer 11

Love and belongingness needs

Question 12

These needs include self-respect, confidence, competence, and the knowledge that others hold them in high esteem

Answer 12

Esteem needs

Question 13

Maslow identify two levels of esteem needs:

Answer 13

Reputation-the perception of the prestige, recognition, or fame a person has achieved in the eyes of others

Self-esteem-based on more than reputation, it reflects a desire for strength, for achievement, for adequacy, for mastery and competence, for confidence in the face of the world, and for independence and freedom. Based on real competence and not on others opinions

Question 14

These needs include self-fulfillment, the realization of all one’s potential, and a desire to become creative in the full sense of the world

Answer 14

Self-actualization needs. Satisfied only by the psychologically healthiest people

Question 15

In addition to the five conative needs, low identified three other categories of needs:

Answer 15

Aesthetic, cognitive, and neurotic

Question 16

This type of need is not universal and is a desire for beauty and order

Answer 16

Aesthetic needs. When these needs are not met people become sick

Question 17

These needs include the desire to know, to understand, and to be curious. Knowledge is a prerequisite for each of the five conative needs

Answer 17

Cognitive needs. People who are denied knowledge and kept in ignorance become sick, paranoid, and depressed

Question 18

These needs include a desire to dominate, to inflict pain, or to subject oneself to the will of another person. These needs always lead to stagnation and pathology whether or not they are satisfied. They are nonproductive.

Answer 18

Neurotic needs

Question 19

Insert in rare cases, the order of needs might be ______. For example, a starving mother may be motivated by love needs to give up food in order to feed her starving children.

Answer 19

Reversed. However, if he understand the unconscious motivation behind many apparent reversals, we might see that they are not genuine reversals at all.

Question 20

Maslow believed that some behaviors are not caused by needs but by other factors such as conditioned reflexes, maturation, or drugs. These behaviours are:

Answer 20

Unmotivated

Question 21

According to Maslow, this type of behavior has no aim or goal but is merely a person’s mode of expression

Answer 21

Expressive behaviors

Question 22

According to Maslow, this type of behavior is ordinarily conscious, effortful, learned, and deals with the person’s attempt to cope with the environment. Always motivated by some deficit need

Answer 22

Coping behaviors

Question 23

Lack of satisfaction of any of the basic needs leads to some kind of:

Answer 23

Pathology

Question 24

According to Maslow, this is the absence of values, the lack of fulfillment, and the loss of meaning in life when you are deprived of self-actualization

Answer 24

Metapathology

Question 25

According to Maslow, these needs are innately determined even though they can be modified by learning

Answer 25

Instinctoid needs

Question 26

What are for criterion for separating instinctoid needs from noninstinctoid needs?

Answer 26

1) The level of pathology upon frustration
2) instinctoid needs are persistent and their satisfaction leads to psychological health
3) instinctoid needs are species-specific
4) though difficult to change, instinctoid needs can be molded, inhibited, or altered by environmental influences

Question 27

Maslow believed that higher level needs such as love, esteem, and self-actualization are ______ on the evolutionary scale than lower level needs and that they produce more genuine _______ and more peak experiences

Answer 27

Later, happiness

Question 28

What are Maslow’s four criterion for self actualization?

Answer 28

1) absence of psychopathology
2) they have progressed through the hierarchy of needs
3) they embrace the B values
4) Full realization of one’s potential for growth

Question 29

Maslow believed that self-actualizing people are motivated by the eternal verities, values that are indicators of psychological health and are opposed to deficiency needs. They are the ultimate level of needs. These values are called

Answer 29

B-values or being values.

Question 30

This type of motivation is characterized by expressive rather than coping behavior and is associated with the B-values according to Maslow.

Answer 30

Metamotivation

Question 31

What are the 14 B values?

Answer 31

True, goodness, beauty, wholeness or the transcendence of dichotomies, aliveness or spontaneity, uniqueness, perfection, completion, just as an order, simplicity, richness or totality, effortlessness, playfulness or humor, and self-sufficiency or autonomy

Question 32

This characteristic of self-actualizing people is having the uncanny ability to detect phoniness in others as well as art and music. They are not fooled by facades. They can see both positive and negative underlying traits in others. Perceive ultimate value is more clearly. And are less prejudiced and less likely to see the world as they wish it to be. Are less afraid of the unknown

Answer 32

More efficient perception of reality

Question 33

This characteristic of self-actualizing people means they accept themselves and others the way they are. They tolerate weaknesses in others and are not threatened by others’ strengths and accept nature including human nature as it is and do not expect perfection.

Answer 33

Acceptance of self, others, and nature

Question 34

This characteristic of self-actualizing people means they are unconventional but not compulsively so and are not afraid to express deeply felt emotions. They have no need to appear complex or sophisticated

Answer 34

Spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness

Question 35

This characteristic of self-actualizing people is defined by their interest in problems outside themselves. They view age-old problems from a solid philosophical position

Answer 35

Problem-centering

Question 36

This characteristic of self-actualizing people means that they can be alone without being lonely

Answer 36

The need for privacy

Question 37

This characteristic of self-actualizing people means they have grown beyond dependency on other people for their self-esteem

Answer 37

Autonomy

Question 38

This characteristic of self-actualizing people means that they have the wonderful capacity to appreciate again and again, freshly and naively, the basic goods of life, with awe, pleasure, wonder, and even ecstasy. They have the ability to view every date things with fresh vision and appreciation

Answer 38

Continued freshness of appreciation

Question 39

This characteristic of self-actualizing people means they have experiences that are mystical in nature and that somehow gave them a feeling of transcendence and feelings of awe, wonder, ecstasy, reverence, and humility.

Answer 39

The peak experience

Question 40

This characteristic of self-actualizing people means they have social interest or a deep feeling of oneness with all humanity

Answer 40

Gemeinschaftsgefühl

Question 41

This characteristic of self-actualizing people means they have nurturant feelings toward people in general, but their close friendships are limited to only a few that are deep and intense.

Answer 41

Profound interpersonal relations

Question 42

This characteristic of self-actualizing people means they have the ability to disregard superficial differences between people. They can be friendly and considerate with other people regardless of class, color, age, or gender. They have a desire and an ability to learn from anyone

Answer 42

The Democratic character structure

Question 43

This characteristic of self-actualizing people means they have a clear sense of right and wrong, and they experience little conflict about basic values

Answer 43

Discrimination between means and ends

Question 44

This characteristic of self-actualizing people means they have humor that a spontaneous, unplanned, and intrinsic to the situation

Answer 44

A philosophical sense of humor

Question 45

Is characteristic of self-actualizing people mean they possess a keen perception of truth, beauty, and reality

Answer 45

Creativeness

Question 46

This characteristic of self-actualizing people means they have the ability to set personal standards and to resist the mold set by the dominant culture

Answer 46

Resistance to enculturation

Question 47

Deficiency love is also called:

Answer 47

D-love

Question 48

Love for being or essence of another person. Love that is mutually felt and shared and not motivated by a deficiency or incompleteness within the lover.

Answer 48

B-love

Question 49

According to Maslow, this is the type of science that lacks emotion, joy, wonder, awe, and rapture. It is value free, with a methodology that is sterile and nonemotional

Answer 49

Desacralization

Question 50

Maslow believed that scientists must be willing to instill it with human values, emotion, and ritual, to ______ it.

Answer 50

Resacralize

Question 51

Maslow argued for this kind of attitude for psychology, one that would be noninterfering, passive, and receptive. It’s goal would be sheer fascination
and the desire to release people from controls so that they can grow and become less predictable

Answer 51

Taoistic attitude

Question 52

Maslow attempted to verify his hunches about self-actualization using idiographic and _______ methods

Answer 52

Subjective

Question 53

Everett L. Shostrim developed this inventory in an attempt to measure the values and behaviors of self-actualizing people. It is a 150 forced choice inventory that assesses a variety of self actualization facets

Answer 53

The Personal Orientation Inventory (POI). There is also the short index of self actualization and the brief index of self actualization.

Question 54

This is the fear of being or doing one’s best, a condition that all of us have to some extent. Maslow believed that many people allow false humility to stifle their creativity and to fall short of self-actualization

Answer 54

The Jonah complex

Question 55

Maslow psychotherapy suggests that much of therapy should involve a productive human relationship and that the job of the therapist is to help clients satisfy these types of needs

Answer 55

Love and belongingness

Question 56

Recent research has supported Maslow’s theory and found that the lower motives were stronger in _____ people, whereas higher motives were stronger in ______ people

Answer 56

Younger, older

Question 57

Recent research in positive psychology supports Maslow’s prediction that these type of experiences often have a lasting impact on people’s lives.

Answer 57

Peak experiences, writing and even simply thinking about past positive experiences resulted in participants reporting greater well-being

Question 58

Maslow’s theory rates high in three areas

Answer 58

Generating research, organize knowledge, and guide action

Question 59

Maslows theory rates low in

Answer 59

Falsifiability

Question 60

Maslows theory rates average in two areas

Answer 60

Simplicity and internal consistency

Question 61

Maslow’s view of humanity rates high in four areas

Answer 61

Free choice, optimism, teleology, and uniqueness

Question 62

Maslows theory rates about average in two areas

Answer 62

Social influences and unconscious versus conscience determinants of behavior

Question 63

This theory assumes that people are continually motivated by one or more needs, and that under the proper circumstances they can reach a level of psychological health called self-actualization

Answer 63

Maslow’s holistic-dynamic theory