Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

TOP > Chapter 3- Adler: Individual Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Adler: Individual Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

This theory of psychology presents an optimistic view of people while resting heavily on the notion of social interest, a feeling of oneness with all humankind

A

Individual psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alfred Adler’s name is less well-known than that of Freud or Jung because of three possible reasons:

A

1) Adler did not establish a tightly run organization to perpetuate his theories
2) he was not a particularly gifted writer
3) many of his views were incorporated into the works of later theorists and thus are no longer associated with Adler’s name

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the six tenets of Adlerian theory?

A

1) striving for success or superiority is the one dynamic force behind peoples behaviour
2) people’s subjective perceptions shape their behavior and personality
3) personality is unified and self-consistent
4) The value of all human activity must be seen from the viewpoint of social interest
5) The self-consistent personality structure develops into a person’s style of life
6) style of life is molded by people’s creative power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

People who strive for personal superiority over others

A

Striving for superiority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Actions of people who are motivated by highly developed social interest

A

Driving for success

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

According to Adler’s individual psychology theory, regardless of the motivation for striving, each individual is guided by

A

A final goal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The final goal of success or superiority toward which all people strive does two things:

A

Unifies personality and makes all behavior meaningful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

People’s ability to freely shape their behavior and create their own personality

A

Creative power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

According to Adler, people are continually pushed by the need to overcome _________ feelings and pulled by the desire for ________

A

Inferiority, completion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

According to Adler, the striving force can take one of two courses:

A

Personal gain (superiority) or community benefits (success)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adler believed that the final goal is set as compensation for the deficit feeling, and that the striving for success goal is ______ in other words we are born with it.

A

Innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

People who’s goals are personal ones and who’s driving’s are motivated largely by exaggerated feelings of personal inferiority. They have little or no concern for others. These people have an:

A

Inferiority complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In contrast to people who strive for personal gain are those psychologically healthy people who are motivated by ________ ______and the _________ of all humankind.

A

Social interest, success

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

People’s _______ view of the world, not reality shapes their behavior according to Adler

A

Subjective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A person’s subjective perceptions of reality or expectations of the future

A

Fictions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

People are motivated not by what is true, but by their subjective perceptions of what is true according to Adler. Adler emphasized _______ over causality, or explanations of behavior in terms of future goals rather than past causes

A

Teleology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adler believe that all humans are _______ with physical inferiorities, which stimulates subjective feelings of inferiority and move people toward perfection or completion.

A

Blessed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Because Adler believed that all behaviors are directed toward a single purpose, even _________ or contradictory behaviors can be seen as operating in a self-consistent manner

A

Inconsistent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

According to Adler, a deficient organ expresses the direction of the individual’s goal, a condition known as:

A

Organ dialect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

According to Adler, the part of our goal that is not clearly understood is:

A

Unconscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

According to Adler, thoughts that are understood and regarded by the individual as helpful in striving for success are considered:

A

Conscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A feeling of oneness with all of humanity, or “social feeling”. An attitude of relatedness with humanity in general as well as an empathy for each member of the human community.

A

Social interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Adler believed that social interest originates from the _____-_____ relationship during the early months of infancy.

A

Parent-child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Adler believed that the parent-child relationship can be so strong that it negates the effects of:

A

Heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

According to Adler, _____ _____ is the sole criterion of human values and the worthiness of all one’s actions must be seen by this standard

A

Social interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The flavor of a persons life which includes their goals, self-concept, feelings for others, and attitude toward the world. It is the product of the interaction of heredity, environment, and a person’s creative power.

A

Style of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A person style of life is relatively well set by __ or __ years of age.

A

Four or five. However, Adler believe that healthy individuals are marked by flexible behavior and they have some ability to change their style of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Style of life is partially a product of heredity and environment but ultimately, style of life is shaped by peoples _____ _____ , their ability to freely choose a course of action

A

Creative power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

According to Adler, the one factor underlying all types of maladjustment is

A

Under developed social interest

30
Q

According to Adler, neurotic people tend to have three characteristics that follow inevitably from a lack of social interest:

A

1) set their goals too high
2) Live in their own private world
3) have a rigid and dogmatic style of life

31
Q

Adler listed three factors that relate to abnormal development

A

1) exaggerated physical defects
2) A pampered style of life
3) A neglected style of life

32
Q

People with exaggerated physical deficiencies sometimes develop exaggerated feelings of ______ because they overcompensate for their inadequacy

A

Inferiority

33
Q

This style of life contributes to an overriding drive to establish a permanent parasitic relationship with the mother or mother substitute

A

Pampered style of life

34
Q

A person with this style of life has little confidence, overestimates difficulties connected with lifes major problems, and they are distrustful of other people

A

A neglected style of life

35
Q

Patterns of behavior that people create to protect their exaggerated sense of self-esteem against public disgrace and enable them to hide their inflated self-image and to maintain their current style of life.

A

Safeguarding tendencies

36
Q

What are the three principal safeguarding tendencies?

A

excuses, aggression, and withdrawal

37
Q

This safeguarding tendency is the most common and is usually expressed in that “yes but” or “if only” format

A

Excuses. They allow people to preserve their inflated sense of personal worth

38
Q

Safeguarding through aggression may take the form of (3 things):

A

Depreciation, accusation, and self-accusation

39
Q

The tendency to undervalue other people’s achievements and to overvalue one’s own

A

Depreciation

40
Q

The tendency to blame others for one’s failures and and to seek revenge

A

Accusation

41
Q

This form of neurotic aggression is marked by self-torture and guilt

A

Self-accusation

42
Q

This safeguarding technique is characterized by running away from difficulties or safeguarding through distance.

A

Withdrawal

43
Q

Adler recognized for modes of safeguarding through withdrawal:

A

1) moving backward
2) standing still
3) hesitating
4) constructing obstacles

44
Q

The tendency to safeguard ones fictional goal of superiority by psychologically reverting to a more secure period of life.

A

Moving backward

45
Q

A withdrawal tendency where a person simply does not move in any direction and avoids all responsibility by ensuring themselves against any threat of failure.

A

Standing still

46
Q

A withdrawal technique where people procrastinate when faced with difficult problems. The attempt to waste time and can use the excuse that it’s too late

A

Hesitating

47
Q

A withdrawal tendency where people build a straw house to show that they could knock it down. By overcoming the obstacle, they protect their self-esteem

A

Constructing obstacles

48
Q

The cultural and social practices-not anatomy-that influence many men and women to over emphasize the importance of being manly

A

Masculine protest

49
Q

Adler believed that the frequently found inferior status of women is not based on physiology but on historical developments and _____ _____

A

Social learning

50
Q

The practical applications of Adler’s individual psychology can be divided into four areas:

A

1) Family constellation
2) early recollections
3) dreams
4) psychotherapy

51
Q

Adler believe that people’s perception of how they fit into their family is related to their ___ of ___

A

Style of life

52
Q

Adler claimed that _______ are likely to have strong feelings of power and superiority, to be overprotective, and you have more than their share of anxiety.

A

Firstborns

53
Q

________ children are likely to have strong social interest, provided they do not get trapped trying to overcome their older sibling

A

Secondborn

54
Q

Adler believed that _____ children are likely to be pampered and to lack independence.

A

Youngest

55
Q

______ children have some of the characteristics of both the oldest and the youngest child

A

Only

56
Q

Adler believed that ______ ______ are templates on which people project their current style of life. People reconstruct the events to make them consistent with a theme or pattern that runs throughout their lives.

A

Early recollections

57
Q

Adler believed that _____ can provide clues to solving future problems. Most of these are disguised to deceive the person.

A

Dreams

58
Q

The goal of this therapy is to create a relationship between therapist and patient that fosters social interest. The purpose is to enhance courage, lesson feelings of inferiority, and encourage social interest.

A

Psychotherapy.

59
Q

Which areas of Adlerian theory have been widely researched?

A

Family constellation and birth order, but more so, recollections and career choice.

60
Q

Consistent with Adler’s view, research has found that early childhood ________ do match career types in adulthood.

A

Recollections

61
Q

Adler’s theory of inferiority, superiority, and social feeling can be applied to health-related behaviors such as _____ _____ and _____ _____.

A

Eating disorders, binge drinking

62
Q

Recent research related to birth order found that _____ children in a family are more likely to binge drink than ______ children.

A

Younger, older. The researchers explain this using Adlerian theory, youngest children are likely to be more dependent, and dependent people are more likely to cope with stress by heavy drinking

63
Q

Research has tended to support Adler’s teleological approach to personality, in that early child experiences are _____ important than adults’ view of those experiences.

A

Less. Evidence found that early recollections change to the course of counselling. Recollections of preadolescent children changed after receiving therapy, whereas those of a control group did not.

64
Q

How does Adler’s individual psychology rate on its ability to generate research?

A

High

65
Q

How does Adler’s individual psychology rate on its ability to organize data?

A

High

66
Q

How does Adler’s individual psychology rate on its ability to guide the practitioner?

A

High

67
Q

How does Adler’s individual psychology theory rate on parsimony?

A

Moderate because it lacks operational definitions

68
Q

How does Adler’s individual psychology theory rate on internal consistency?

A

Low

69
Q

How does Adler’s individual psychology theory rate on falsification?

A

Low because many of its related research findings can be explained by other theories

70
Q

Regarding the concept of humanity, Adler rates high on what five facets?

A

Free-choice, social influences, and uniqueness; very high on optimism and teleology

71
Q

When it comes to the concept of humanity, Adler’s theory rates average on:

A

Unconscious influences

72
Q

Adler founded his own psychology group:

A

The Society for individual psychology

TOP (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions