Chapter 7- Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Question 1

According to from, humans have been torn away from their prehistoric union with nature and have no powerful instincts to adapt to a changing world; instead, they have acquired the facility to reason and can think about their isolated condition, a condition from called the:

Answer 1

Human dilemma

Question 2

From believed that only the distinctive human needs can move people toward a reunion with the natural world, he called these needs:

Answer 2

Existential needs

Question 3

What are the five existential needs according to from?

Answer 3

Relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, a sense of identity, and a frame of orientation

Question 4

According to Fromm, this existential need is the drive for union with another person or persons and can take the form of submission, power, or love.

Answer 4

Relatedness

Question 5

According to from this is the only route by which a person can become united with the world and at the same time achieve individuality and integrity. It is a union with somebody, or something outside oneself under the condition of retaining the separateness and integrity of one’s own self

Answer 5

Love

Question 6

According to from, this existential need is defined as the urge to rise above a passive and accidental existence and into the realm of purposefulness and freedom. Can be sought through either positive or negative approaches

Answer 6

Transcendence

Question 7

To kill for reasons other than survival

Answer 7

Malignant aggression

Question 8

According to from, this existential need is defined as the need to establish roots or do you feel at home again in the world.

Answer 8

Rootedness

Question 9

This nonproductive strategy when it comes to The existential need rootedness is a tenacious reluctance to move beyond the protective security provided by one’s mother

Answer 9

Fixation

Question 10

According to from, this existential need is the capacity to be aware of ourselves as a separate entity

Answer 10

A sense of identity

Question 11

Describe the positive and negative expressions of finding a sense of identity

Answer 11

Nonproductively as conformity to a group and productively as individuality

Question 12

According to from, this existential need is about needing a roadmap or consistent philosophy to make your way through the world

Answer 12

Frame of orientation

Question 13

How does a person nonproductively and productively express the existential need frame of orientation

Answer 13

Nonproductively as striving for irrational goals and productively as movement towards rational goals

Question 14

Productively, the existential need rootedness enables us to grow beyond the security of our _______ and establish ties with the outside world

Answer 14

Mother

Question 15

In from burden of freedom humans are the freaks of the universe because they are the only animal possessing self-awareness. As people gained more political freedom, they began to experience more isolation from others and from the world. As a result, freedom becomes a burden and people experience _____ ______ or the feeling of being alone in the world

Answer 15

Basic anxiety

Question 16

According to from, to reduce the frightening sense of isolation and aloneness, people may adopt one of three mechanisms of escape:

Answer 16

Authoritarianism, destructiveness, and conformity

Question 17

According to from, this mechanism of escape is the tendency to give up ones independence and to unite with a powerful partner. Can take one of two forms, masochism or sadism.

Answer 17

Authoritarianism

Question 18

According to from, this mechanism of escape is aimed at doing away with other people or things

Answer 18

Destructiveness

Question 19

According to Fromm, this mechanism of escape means to surrender one’s individuality in order to meet the wishes of others

Answer 19

Conformity

Question 20

According to Fromm, the human dilemma can only be solved through the spontaneous activity of the whole, integrated personality (both rational and emotional potentialities), which is achieved when a person becomes reunited with others. This is called:

Answer 20

Positive freedom

Question 21

In Fromm’s theory, this is a persons relatively permanent way of relating to people and things, the way their personality is reflected.

Answer 21

Their character orientation

Question 22

According to Fromm, this is the relatively permanent system of all non-instinctual strivings through which man relates himself to the human and natural world

Answer 22

Character

Question 23

According to Fromm, people relate to the world in two ways. by acquiring and using things, also known as _______, and by relating to self and others, also known as _______.

Answer 23

Assimilation, socialization

Question 24

According to Fromm, people can acquire things through 4 nonproductive orientations:

Answer 24

Receiving things passively, exploiting or taking things by force, hoarding objects, and marketing or exchanging things

Question 25

According to from this kind of nonproductive orientation believes that the source of all good lies outside themselves and that the only way they can relate to the world is to receive things, including love, knowledge, and material objects

Answer 25

Receptive characters

Question 26

According to Fromm, this nonproductive orientation believes that the source of all good is outside themselves and they aggressively take what they want rather than passively receiving it

Answer 26

Exploitative orientation

Question 27

According to Fromm, this nonproductive orientation tries to save what they have already obtained, including their opinions, feelings, and material possessions

Answer 27

Hoarding characters

Question 28

According to Fromm this nonproductive orientation sees themselves as commodities and value themselves against the criterion of their ability to sell themselves. They have fewer positive qualities than the other orientations because they are essentially empty

Answer 28

Marketing orientation

Question 29

According to Fromm, the productive orientation is made up of psychologically healthy people who work toward positive freedom through productive ______, ______, and _____.

Answer 29

Work, love, reasoning

Question 30

A passionate love of life and all that is alive

Answer 30

Biophilia

Question 31

According to Fromm, unhealthy people have a non-productive ways of working, reasoning, and especially loving. He recognized three major personality disorders:

Answer 31

Necrophilia, malignant narcissism, incestuous symbiosis

Question 32

According to Fromm, this personality disorder is the love of death and the hatred of all humanity

Answer 32

Necrophilia

Question 33

According to Fromm, this personality disorder is the interest in one’s own body, it is a belief that everything belonging to one’s self is of great value and anything belonging to others is worthless

Answer 33

Malignant narcissism

Question 34

According to Fromm, this personality disorder is an extreme dependence on one’s mother or mother surrogate

Answer 34

Incestuous symbiosis

Question 35

And obsessive attention to one’s health

Answer 35

Hypochondriasis

Question 36

A preoccupation with guilt about previous transgressions

Answer 36

Moral hypochondriasis

Question 37

The goal of Fromes psychotherapy was to work towards satisfaction of the basic human needs of:

Answer 37

Relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, a sense of identity, and a frame of orientation. The therapist tries to accomplish this through shared communication in which the therapist is simply a human being rather than a scientist

Question 38

Fromm gather data on human personality from many sources, including:

Answer 38

Psychotherapy, cultural anthropology, and psychohistory

Question 39

When Fromm and his associates spent several years investigating social character in an isolated farming village in Mexico, they found evidence of all the character orientations except the:

Answer 39

Marketing orientation

Question 40

Fromm did a psychohistorical study of Hitler and regarded him as the world’s most conspicuous example of someone with the syndrome of _____ , That is necrophilia, malignant narcissism, and incestuous symbiosis

Answer 40

Decay

Question 41

Fromm’s theory ranks near the bottom of personality theories with regard to stimulating research. Reasons for this may be Fromes broad approach and that his ideas are more _______ than psychological in many ways

Answer 41

Sociological

Question 42

Some research from Fromes theory involves estrangement and alienation resulting from too much freedom. Research by Mark Bernard and colleagues found that the more a person reported that his or her values were discrepant from society in general, the more likely he or she was to have a strong feeling of ________.

Answer 42

Estrangement. These feelings of estrangement lead to anxiety and depression which supports Fromes ideas.

Question 43

Research from Fromes theory has also being done on authoritarianism. The research found that political and social threats, not personal threats, or most strongly related to _________.

Answer 43

Authoritarianism. Certain cultural stimuli lead to fear, which then creates motivation for an authoritarian belief system. Deviants and social disorder become particularly threatening to such people, who have now developed a more conventional and restricted lifestyle.

Question 44

Which five areas does Fromes psychoanalytic social theory rate low on?

Answer 44

It’s ability to generate research, it’s ability to lend itself to falsification, it’s usefulness to the practitioner, internal consistency, and parsimony

Question 45

Fromes theory, because it is quite broad in scope, rates high on:

Answer 45

Organizing existing knowledge

Question 46

Fromes theory is rated average on four areas:

Answer 46

Free choice, optimism, unconscious influences, and uniqueness

Question 47

From theory rates low on _______ and high on _____ _______

Answer 47

Causality, social influences

Question 48

This person’s theory looks at people from the perspective of psychology, history, and anthropology and assumes that humanity’s separation from the natural world has produced feelings of loneliness and isolation, a condition called basic anxiety

Answer 48

Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis