Chapter 7- Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis Flashcards
According to from, humans have been torn away from their prehistoric union with nature and have no powerful instincts to adapt to a changing world; instead, they have acquired the facility to reason and can think about their isolated condition, a condition from called the:
Human dilemma
From believed that only the distinctive human needs can move people toward a reunion with the natural world, he called these needs:
Existential needs
What are the five existential needs according to from?
Relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, a sense of identity, and a frame of orientation
According to Fromm, this existential need is the drive for union with another person or persons and can take the form of submission, power, or love.
Relatedness
According to from this is the only route by which a person can become united with the world and at the same time achieve individuality and integrity. It is a union with somebody, or something outside oneself under the condition of retaining the separateness and integrity of one’s own self
Love
According to from, this existential need is defined as the urge to rise above a passive and accidental existence and into the realm of purposefulness and freedom. Can be sought through either positive or negative approaches
Transcendence
To kill for reasons other than survival
Malignant aggression
According to from, this existential need is defined as the need to establish roots or do you feel at home again in the world.
Rootedness
This nonproductive strategy when it comes to The existential need rootedness is a tenacious reluctance to move beyond the protective security provided by one’s mother
Fixation
According to from, this existential need is the capacity to be aware of ourselves as a separate entity
A sense of identity
Describe the positive and negative expressions of finding a sense of identity
Nonproductively as conformity to a group and productively as individuality
According to from, this existential need is about needing a roadmap or consistent philosophy to make your way through the world
Frame of orientation
How does a person nonproductively and productively express the existential need frame of orientation
Nonproductively as striving for irrational goals and productively as movement towards rational goals
Productively, the existential need rootedness enables us to grow beyond the security of our _______ and establish ties with the outside world
Mother
In from burden of freedom humans are the freaks of the universe because they are the only animal possessing self-awareness. As people gained more political freedom, they began to experience more isolation from others and from the world. As a result, freedom becomes a burden and people experience _____ ______ or the feeling of being alone in the world
Basic anxiety
According to from, to reduce the frightening sense of isolation and aloneness, people may adopt one of three mechanisms of escape:
Authoritarianism, destructiveness, and conformity
According to from, this mechanism of escape is the tendency to give up ones independence and to unite with a powerful partner. Can take one of two forms, masochism or sadism.
Authoritarianism
According to from, this mechanism of escape is aimed at doing away with other people or things
Destructiveness
According to Fromm, this mechanism of escape means to surrender one’s individuality in order to meet the wishes of others
Conformity
According to Fromm, the human dilemma can only be solved through the spontaneous activity of the whole, integrated personality (both rational and emotional potentialities), which is achieved when a person becomes reunited with others. This is called:
Positive freedom
In Fromm’s theory, this is a persons relatively permanent way of relating to people and things, the way their personality is reflected.
Their character orientation
According to Fromm, this is the relatively permanent system of all non-instinctual strivings through which man relates himself to the human and natural world
Character
According to Fromm, people relate to the world in two ways. by acquiring and using things, also known as _______, and by relating to self and others, also known as _______.
Assimilation, socialization
According to Fromm, people can acquire things through 4 nonproductive orientations:
Receiving things passively, exploiting or taking things by force, hoarding objects, and marketing or exchanging things
According to from this kind of nonproductive orientation believes that the source of all good lies outside themselves and that the only way they can relate to the world is to receive things, including love, knowledge, and material objects
Receptive characters
According to Fromm, this nonproductive orientation believes that the source of all good is outside themselves and they aggressively take what they want rather than passively receiving it
Exploitative orientation
According to Fromm, this nonproductive orientation tries to save what they have already obtained, including their opinions, feelings, and material possessions
Hoarding characters
According to Fromm this nonproductive orientation sees themselves as commodities and value themselves against the criterion of their ability to sell themselves. They have fewer positive qualities than the other orientations because they are essentially empty
Marketing orientation
According to Fromm, the productive orientation is made up of psychologically healthy people who work toward positive freedom through productive ______, ______, and _____.
Work, love, reasoning
A passionate love of life and all that is alive
Biophilia
According to Fromm, unhealthy people have a non-productive ways of working, reasoning, and especially loving. He recognized three major personality disorders:
Necrophilia, malignant narcissism, incestuous symbiosis
According to Fromm, this personality disorder is the love of death and the hatred of all humanity
Necrophilia
According to Fromm, this personality disorder is the interest in one’s own body, it is a belief that everything belonging to one’s self is of great value and anything belonging to others is worthless
Malignant narcissism
According to Fromm, this personality disorder is an extreme dependence on one’s mother or mother surrogate
Incestuous symbiosis
And obsessive attention to one’s health
Hypochondriasis
A preoccupation with guilt about previous transgressions
Moral hypochondriasis
The goal of Fromes psychotherapy was to work towards satisfaction of the basic human needs of:
Relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, a sense of identity, and a frame of orientation. The therapist tries to accomplish this through shared communication in which the therapist is simply a human being rather than a scientist
Fromm gather data on human personality from many sources, including:
Psychotherapy, cultural anthropology, and psychohistory
When Fromm and his associates spent several years investigating social character in an isolated farming village in Mexico, they found evidence of all the character orientations except the:
Marketing orientation
Fromm did a psychohistorical study of Hitler and regarded him as the world’s most conspicuous example of someone with the syndrome of _____ , That is necrophilia, malignant narcissism, and incestuous symbiosis
Decay
Fromm’s theory ranks near the bottom of personality theories with regard to stimulating research. Reasons for this may be Fromes broad approach and that his ideas are more _______ than psychological in many ways
Sociological
Some research from Fromes theory involves estrangement and alienation resulting from too much freedom. Research by Mark Bernard and colleagues found that the more a person reported that his or her values were discrepant from society in general, the more likely he or she was to have a strong feeling of ________.
Estrangement. These feelings of estrangement lead to anxiety and depression which supports Fromes ideas.
Research from Fromes theory has also being done on authoritarianism. The research found that political and social threats, not personal threats, or most strongly related to _________.
Authoritarianism. Certain cultural stimuli lead to fear, which then creates motivation for an authoritarian belief system. Deviants and social disorder become particularly threatening to such people, who have now developed a more conventional and restricted lifestyle.
Which five areas does Fromes psychoanalytic social theory rate low on?
It’s ability to generate research, it’s ability to lend itself to falsification, it’s usefulness to the practitioner, internal consistency, and parsimony
Fromes theory, because it is quite broad in scope, rates high on:
Organizing existing knowledge
Fromes theory is rated average on four areas:
Free choice, optimism, unconscious influences, and uniqueness
From theory rates low on _______ and high on _____ _______
Causality, social influences
This person’s theory looks at people from the perspective of psychology, history, and anthropology and assumes that humanity’s separation from the natural world has produced feelings of loneliness and isolation, a condition called basic anxiety
Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis
