Chapter 19- Kelly:Psychology Of Personal Constructs

Question 1

Kelly believed that people’s ways of interpreting and explaining events, hold the key to predicting their behavior. He called this a person’s ______ ______

Answer 1

Personal constructs

Question 2

Kelly believed that people generally attempt to solve everyday problems in much the same fashion as do ______; that is, they observe, ask questions, formulate hypotheses, infer conclusions, and predict future events

Answer 2

Scientists

Question 3

Kelly believed that because scientists are people, their pronouncements should be regarded with the same ________ as any other data

Answer 3

Skepticism

Question 4

Kelly believed that all our interpretations of the world are subject to revision or replacement, an assumption he called:

Answer 4

Constructive alternativism.

Because people can construe their world from different angles, observations that are valid at one time may be false at a later time

Question 5

Kelly believed that people look at their world through templates that they create and then attempt to fit over the realities of the world. He called these templates, or transparent patterns, ______ ______ which he believed shape behavior

Answer 5

Personal constructs

Question 6

According to Kelly, this assumes that a person’s behavior is shaped by the way they anticipate the future

Answer 6

The basic postulate

Question 7

According to Kelly, this supporting corollary states that although no two events are exactly alike, we can construe similar events as if they were the same

Answer 7

Construction corollary

Question 8

According to Kelly, this supporting corollary states that because people have different experiences, they can construe the same event in different ways

Answer 8

The individuality corollary

Question 9

According to Kelly, this corollary assumes that people organize their personal constructs in a hierarchical system, with some constructs in a superordinate position and others subordinate to them

Answer 9

The organizational corollary

Question 10

According to Kelly, this corollary assumes that people construe events in an either/or matter, for example good or bad

Answer 10

The dichotomy corollary

Question 11

According to Kelly, this corollary assumes that people tend to choose the alternative in a dichotomized construct that they see as extending the range of their future choices

Answer 11

The choice corollary

Question 12

According to Kelly, this corollary states that constructs are limited to a particular range of convenience; that is, they are not relevant to all situations

Answer 12

The range corollary

Question 13

According to Kelly, this corollary suggests that people continually revise their personal constructs as the result of their experiences

Answer 13

The experience corollary

Question 14

According to Kelly, this corollary assumes that only permeable constructs lead to change; concrete constructs resist modification through experience

Answer 14

The modulation corollary

Question 15

According to Kelly, this corollary states that people’s behavior can be inconsistent because their construct systems can readily admit incompatible elements

Answer 15

The fragmentation corollary

Question 16

According to Kelly, this corollary suggests that our personal constructs tend to be similar to the construction systems of other people to the extent that we share experiences with them

Answer 16

The commonality corollary

Question 17

According to Kelly, this corollary states that people are able to communicate with other people because they can construe those peoples constructions

Answer 17

The sociality corollary

Question 18

Kelly introduced this concept with his sociality corollary which refers to a pattern of behavior that results from a person’s understanding of the constructs of others.

Answer 18

Role

Each of us has a core role and numerous peripheral roles. A core role gives us a sense of identity whereas peripheral roles are less central to our self-concept

Question 19

Kelly believed that unhealthy people are like incompetent ______ who test unreasonable hypotheses, reject or distort legitimate results, and refuse to amend outdated theories

Answer 19

Scientists

Question 20

According to Kelly, this abnormal development happens when people perceive that the stability of their basic constructs is likely to be shaken. It is the awareness of imminent comprehensive change in one’s core structures

Answer 20

Threat

Question 21

According to Kelly, this abnormal development requires an incidental rather than a comprehensive, restructuring of one’s construct system

Answer 21

Fear

Question 22

According to Kelly, this abnormal development is defined as the recognition that the events with which one is confronted light outside the range of convenience of one’s construct system. The recognition that one cannot adequately deal with a new situation

Answer 22

Anxiety

Question 23

According to Kelly, this consequence of abnormal development is defined as the sense of having lost one’s core role structure

Answer 23

Guilt

Question 24

Kelly insisted that clients should set their own goals for therapy and that they should be active participants in the therapeutic process. He sometimes used a procedure called _____-____ ______, in which clients act out a predetermined role for several weeks. By playing the part of the psychologically healthy person, clients may discover previously hidden aspects of themselves

Answer 24

Fixed-role therapy

Question 25

According to Kelly, the purpose of this test is to discover ways in which clients construe significant people in their lives

Answer 25

The Rep test or the role construct repertory test

Clients place names of people they know on a repertory grid in order to identify both similarities and differences among these people

Question 26

Research on gender as a personal constructs sparked by Kelly’s theory has found that the less information someone has about a person, the more likely they will use _______ gender schemas to evaluate that person. Which means that participants who used these in perceiving strangers tended to have limited perceptions of other people

Answer 26

Stereotypic

Question 27

Research on understanding internalize prejudice through personal construct theory sparked by Kelly has found that Kelly’s concepts of threat and guilt showed that these play distinct roles in internalized prejudice. Kelly’s idea that individuals remove themselves from threatening constructs was verified as threat scores in the sample were associated with _____ preference for gay or lesbian sexual orientation. In keeping with Kelly’s idea that guilt is spelled when individuals perceive undesirable aspects within the self, these gay and lesbian participants who had high guilt were more ________ of gay and lesbian identity

Answer 27

Lower, denigrating

Question 28

Kelly’s theory rates high in two areas, average on one, and low in three other areas

Answer 28

Hi on parsimony and internal consistency. Average on its ability to generate research. Low on its ability to be falsified, to guide the practitioner, and to organize knowledge

Question 29

According to Kelly, this concept suggests that people increase their range of future choices by the present choices they freely make

Answer 29

Elaborative choice

Question 30

In what four areas of the concept of humanity does Kelly’s theory rate high on and which one does a rate average on

Answer 30

High on teleology, free choice, optimism, conscious influences, and uniqueness of the individual. Average on social influences

Question 31

This persons tbeory can be seen as a metatheory or a theory about theories. It holds that people anticipate events by the meanings or interpretations that they place on those events. He called these interpretations personal constructs. His philosophical position, called constructive alternativism, assumes that alternative interpretations are always available to people

Answer 31

George Kelly’s personal construct theory