Chapter 9 Culture and Ethnicity Flashcards
Culture:
thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious, or social groups
Culture has 2 components:
Visible
Invisible (less observable)
Subcultures:
ethnic and religious groups with characteristics distinct from the dominant culture
Ex. Amish, Appalachian
Ethnicity:
shared identity related to social and cultural heritage such as values, language, geographical space, and racial characteristics
Emic worldview:
intercultural encounter w/ insider or native perspective
Etic worldview:
outsider perspective
Enculturation:
socialization into one’s primary culture as a child
Acculturation:
secondary culture learning that occurs when the culture of a minority is gradually displaced by the culture of the dominant group
Assimilation:
members of an ethnocultural community are absorbed into another community and lose their unique characteristics such as language, customs, and ethnicity
Biculturalism:
occurs when an individual identifies equally with two or more cultures
Transcultural nursing:
comparative study of culture to understand similarities and differences across human groups
Culturally congruent care:
care that fits the person’s life patterns. values, and a set of meanings
Cultural competence:
is the process of acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes to ensure delivery of culturally congruent care
Cultural competence Five interlocking components:
- Cultural awareness
- Cultural knowledge
- Cultural skills
- Cultural encounters
- Cultural desire
Cultural awareness:
an in-depth self examination of one’s own background
Cultural knowledge:
obtaining sufficient comparative knowledge of diverse groups
Cultural skills:
Being able to assess social, cultural, and biophysical factors
Cultural encounters:
engaging in cross-cultural interactions that provide learning of other cultures and opportunities for effective intercultural communication development
Cultural desire:
the motivation and commitment to caring that moves an individual to learn from others
Ethnocentrism:
a tendency to hold one’s own way of life as superior to others
Cultural imposition:
use their own values and lifestyles as the absolute guide in dealing with patients and interpreting their behaviors
Naturalistic practitioners:
attribute illness to natural, impersonal, and biological forces that cause alteration in the equilibrium of the human body
Personalistic practitioners:
believe that an external agent, which can be human or nonhuman causes health and illness
Culture-bound syndromes:
illnesses that are specific reactions of the members of the culture
Rites of passage:
as significant social markers of changes in a person’s life
Cultural and life transitions:
Pregnancy Childbirth Newborn Postpartum Period Grief and Loss
Cultural pain:
when health care providers disregard values or cultural beliefs
Cultural assessment:
Census data
Asking questions
Establishing relationships
Ethnohistory:
refers to significant historical experiences of a particular group
Selected Components of Cultural Assessment:
Family Structure Ethnic Heritage and Ethnohistory Bicultural Effects on Health Social Organization Religious and Spiritual Beliefs Foods and Cultural significance Communication Patterns
Fictive:
non blood kin
bilineal:
kinship of both mother and father’s side of the family
patrilineal:
father’s side of family
matrilineal:
mother’s side
Time Orientation:
all cultures have past, present, and future time dimensions
Cultural care preservation or maintenance:
retain and/or preserve relevant care values so patients maintain their well being recover from illness, or face handicaps and/or death
Cultural care accommodation or negotiation:
adapt or negotiate with others for a beneficial or satisfying health outcome
Cultural care re-patterning or restructuring:
reorder, change, or greatly modify patient’s lifestyles for a new, different, and beneficial health care pattern
