Chapter 11

Question 1

Development theories provide

Answer 1

framework for examining humans

Question 2

Growth

Answer 2

encompasses physical changes across life span

Question 3

Development

Answer 3

a progressive and continuous process of change

Question 4

3 Processes

Answer 4

Biological: stress, nutrition, culture, climate, height, weight
Cognitive: intelligence, understanding, thinking
Socioemotional: personality, emotions, relationship

Question 5

Biophysical Theory

Answer 5

How bodies grow and change

Question 6

Gesell’s Theory

Answer 6

Development is unique and directed by gene activity

• motor skills, language
• growth: cephalocaudal and proximodistal (head to toe)

Question 7

Psychoanalytical

Answer 7

• personality, cognitive, behavioral perspective

- unconscious and emotion

Question 8

Freud’s Stages 1-3

Answer 8

1 = Oral
2 = Anal
3 = Phallic or Oediphal (boys have penis, girls do not)

Question 9

Freud Stage 4

Answer 9

4 = Latency: sexual urges repressed, beginning of puberty)

Question 10

Freud Stage 5

Answer 10

5 = Genital (puberty to adulthood)

Question 11

Erickson’s Stages 1-4

Answer 11

1. Trust vs. Mistrust (1yr)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame (1-3yr =walking)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6yr = conscious about actions)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11yr = accomplishment/praise)

Question 12

Erickson’s Stages 5-8

Answer 12

5. Identity vs. Role confusion (puberty - body image)
6. Intimacy vs. isolation (young adult - love)
7. Generative vs. Self Absorption (middle age)
8. Integrity vs. despair (elderly)

Question 13

Temperament

Answer 13

behavioral style or pattern that affects an individual’s emotional interactions with others

Question 14

Chess and Thomas: 3 basic childhood temperaments

Answer 14

1. life span perspective
2. difficult
3. slow-to-warm up child

Question 15

Piaget’s Theory 4 Stages:

Answer 15

1. Sensorimotor (2yrs)
2. Pre-operational (2-7yr)
3. Concrete (7-11)
4. Formal operations (11-adulthood)