Chapter 38 Activity and Exercise

Question 1

Physical activity for purpose of

Answer 1

conditioning the body, improving health and maintaining fitness

Question 2

Regular physical fitness activity and exercise can

Answer 2

enhance all aspects of a patient’s biopsychosocial and spiritual model of health

Question 3

Nursing activities-

Answer 3

walking, turning and carrying

Question 4

Body Alignment

Answer 4

Relationship of one body part to another

Muscle tone - no strain

Question 5

Body Balance

Answer 5

Relatively low center of gravity is balanced over a wide, stable base; enhanced posture - to prevent back strain

Question 6

Coordinated Body Movement

Answer 6

A result of weight, center of gravity and balance

Question 7

Exercise & Activity

Answer 7

• Depends on the patient’s activity tolerance
• Isotonic
• Isometric: tightening and tensing muscles without moving body parts

Question 8

Isotonic:

Answer 8

– cause muscle contraction and change muscle length

Question 9

Isometric

Answer 9

– tightening and tensing muscles without moving body parts

Question 10

Regulation of movement:

Answer 10

skeletal system and muscle (walk, talk, and breath): support, movement, forms blood marrow
joints
ligaments, tendons, cartilage (shock absorbents)
nervous system
balance: inner ear and cerebellum
Proprioception: knowing where your body is at all times

Question 11

Mechanical lifts and lift team when patient unable

Answer 11

to assist

Question 12

Pathological influences on body alignment and mobility

Answer 12

-Congenital defects: Osteogenesis (bone is short) and
Scoliosis
-Disorders of bones, joints and muscles: Osteoporosis and osteomalacia (compact bone not spongy)
-Central nervous system damage: hemiplegia (not able to use part of body)
-Musculoskeletal trauma (bruises, sprains, and fractures)

Question 13

Developmental Changes

Answer 13

Infants through school-age children: Start as C then grow, protruding abdomen
Adolescence: growth spert
Young middle adults: fully developed
Older adults: loss of bone mass

Question 14

Behavioral Aspects

Answer 14

Assess fitness level
Design the fitness program
Assemble equipment
Get started
Monitor progress

Question 15

Environmental issues

Answer 15

Work site: desk job
Schools: PE
community: bike trails

Question 16

Factors influencing activity & exercise:

Answer 16

Cultural and ethnic influences
Family and social support
Environmental issues
Behavioral Aspects
Developmental Changes

Question 17

Assessment - Mobility:

Answer 17

Range of motion
Gait
Exercise

Question 18

Assessment - Mobility:Exercise

Answer 18

Cardiovascular: increase heart rate (short time)
Pulmonary: increase respiratory rate
Musculoskeletal: stronger
Psychosocial factors: makes feel better

Question 19

The nurse notes that a patient’s left elbow is resistant to extension and flexion while performing range-of-motion exercises. What is the appropriate nursing action at this time?

Answer 19

Perform range of motion to the left elbow only until resistance is met

Question 20

Assessment – Activity tolerance:

Answer 20

Improved tolerance, Decreased fatigue
Physiological factors
Emotional factors
Developmental factors
Pregnancy

Question 21

Physiological factors

Answer 21

Skeletal abnormalities, muscular impairments, diabetes or thyroid disease, hypoxemia, decreased cardiac function, decreased endurance, pain, sleep, infectious process/ fever

Question 22

Emotional factors

Answer 22

Anxiety, depression, chemical addictions, motivation

Question 23

Developmental factors

Answer 23

Age, sex

Question 24

Pregnancy factors

Answer 24

Physical growth & development of muscle and skeletal support

Question 25

Goals and outcomes:

Answer 25

- Participates in prescribed physical activity while maintaining appropriate heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate - Verbalizes an understanding of the need to gradually increase activity based on tolerance and symptoms - Expresses understanding of balancing rest and activity

Question 26

Health promotion

Answer 26

- Teach patients to calculate maximum heart rate | - Body mechanics

Question 27

Acute care:

Answer 27

Musculoskeletal system: range of motion Joint mobility: range of motion Walking: how far and if they need assistance

Question 28

Implementation:

Answer 28

Promotion Acute care Restorative and continuing care

Question 29

The nurse suspects that a patient has a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower left leg. What is the priority nursing intervention at this time?

Answer 29

apply the ordered elastic stockings and sequential compression devices

Question 30

Restoration of activity & chronic illness

Answer 30

Coronary heart disease Hypertension Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Diabetes mellitus

Question 31

Patient outcomes

Answer 31

Reassess the patient for signs of improved activity and exercise tolerance. Ask for the patient’s perception of activity and exercise status after interventions. Ask if the patient’s expectations are being met.

Question 32

A patient with a long history of arthritis complains of sensitivity and warmth in the knees. To determine the degree of limitation, the nurse should assess:

Answer 32

Range of motion

Question 33

Assessment standing:

Answer 33

``` head= erect symmetry abdomen tucked in supine standing knees align with hips feet flat and forward arms at side ```

Question 34

The nurse is preparing to

Answer 34

Stand by patient's strong side

Question 35

canes

Answer 35

no more than 6-10 inches infront of them

Question 36

compression stockings:

Answer 36

prevent blood clots

Question 37

The nurse is preparing to ambulate a patient with left-sided weakness. Which action demonstrates appropriate care of this patient during ambulation?

Answer 37

The nurse should walk on the patient’s right side: strong side

Question 38

A patient being taught how to get up from the chair to his walker. The nurse knows that teaching has been successful when the patient statement includes which of the following?

Answer 38

“use the arms of the chair to push up to the walker”