Chapter 6:Health and Wellness

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or inferiority - helps define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle

Question 2

Model

Answer 2

theoretical way of understanding a concept or idea

Question 3

Health Behavior Model

Answer 3

Positive: activities related to maintaining, regaining good health Ex. immunizations, sleep pattern

Negative: practices potentially harmful Ex. smoking, drinking, poor diet

Question 4

Health beliefs

Answer 4

person’s ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness

Question 5

Health Belief Model

Answer 5

addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behaviors

Question 6

Health Belief Model Steps

Answer 6

1st Component: involves an individual’s perception of susceptibility to illness

2nd: individual’s perception of the seriousness
3rd: the likelihood that a person will take preventative action results from person’s perception of the benefits and barriers to taking action

Question 7

Example of Health Belief Model

Answer 7

1: patient needs to recognize the familial link for coronary artery disease
2: patient may not perceive his heart disease to be serious –> affects way he takes care of himself
3: helps determine whether he will or will not partake in healthy behaviors

Question 8

Health Promotion Model

Answer 8

health as a positive, dynamic state, not merely absence of disease

each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that effect subsequent actions

Question 9

Focuses of 3 areas

Answer 9

1: individual characteristics and experiences
2: behavior specific knowledge and affect
3: behavioral outcomes

Question 10

Maslow’ Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 10

1. Physical needs
2. Safety
3. Love/Belonging
4. Self-esteem
5. Self-actualization

Question 11

Holistic Health Model:

Answer 11

nursing attempts to create conditions that promote optional health (emotional and spiritual)
Example: Music therapy, yoga, meditation – sometimes used only or in conjunction

Question 12

Internal Variables:

Answer 12

DIPES, person’s development stage, intellectual background, perception of function, emotional and spiritual factors

Question 13

Development Stage:

Answer 13

: a person’s thought and behavior patterns change throughout life ex. Teaching contraception with children vs adult

Question 14

Intellectual Background

Answer 14

a person’s belief about health are shaped in part by a person’s knowledge, lack of knowledge, or incorrect info

Question 15

Perception of function:

Answer 15

the way people see their physical functioning affects health beliefs and practices

Question 16

Emotional factors:

Answer 16

patient’s degree of stress, depression, or fear can influence beliefs and practice

Question 17

Spiritual factors:

Answer 17

how a person lives his/her life

Ex. Christian scientists, Jehovah witness

Question 18

External Variables

Answer 18

family practices, socioeconomic factors, cultural background

Question 19

Family practices

Answer 19

patient’s family who use health care services generally affects their health practices

ex. mom never had pap smears = daughter won’t either

Question 20

Socioeconomic factors:

Answer 20

social + psycho-social

ex. intimate relationships, lifestyle habits, work environment

Question 21

cultural background

Answer 21

influence beliefs, values, and customs

Question 22

Health Promotion

Answer 22

activities such as exercise and good nutrition helps patients maintain or enhance their present levels of health

Question 23

Wellness

Answer 23

3. teaches people how to care for themselves in a healthier way and includes physical awareness, stress management and self responsibility

Question 24

Illness Prevention

Answer 24

1. immunization programs, support groups

Question 25

Strategies of health

Answer 25

2. routine exercise, good exercise
   passive: individual gain from the activities of others without acting themselves ex. Vitamin D
   active: individual is motivated to adopt specific health progress ex. weight reduction

Question 26

Levels of Preventive Care: Primary

Answer 26

“true prevention”
precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to patients considered physically and emotionally healthy
ex. health education programs, immunizations, fitness activities

Question 27

Levels of Preventive Care: Secondary

Answer 27

focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses and are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions
ex. homes, hospitals, or skilled nursing facilities (screening techniques and treating early stages of disease)

Question 28

Levels of Preventive Care: Tertiary

Answer 28

occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible
Ex. activities = rehab, long term disease or disability interventions

Question 29

Risk factors definition:

Answer 29

any situation, habit, social environment conditions physiological or psychological conditions developmental or intellectual condition, spiritual condition, or other variable that increases vulnerability

Question 30

Genetic and Physiological Risk Factors

Answer 30

physical functioning of the body
Ex. pregnancy
genetic: ex. heart disease, diabetes

Question 31

Age Risk Factors

Answer 31

premature infants more susceptible to infection

heart disease/ cancer increases as age increases

Question 32

Environment Risk Factors

Answer 32

where we live and condition of area

ex. cancer is at high risk for industrial workers

Question 33

Lifestyle Risk Factors

Answer 33

activities, habits, practices

Ex. sunbathing, smoking, poor diet

Question 34

Risk Factor Modification and Changing behaviors 1st Step

Answer 34

Identifying factors:

1. discuss health hazards
2. assessment
3. help patient decide if he/she wants to maintain or improve health status by taking risk-reduction actions

Question 35

Health Behavior Changes Stages

Answer 35

1. Precontemplation: not intending to change in 6months
2. Contemplation: considering with in 6months
3. Preparation: making small changes in prep. for next month - needs assistance
4. Action: actively engaged - last up to 6 months
5. Maintenance: sustained change overtime: begins after 6months of action has started

Question 36

Illness

Answer 36

State in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired

Question 37

Illness is not

Answer 37

synonymous with disease
Ex. cancer is disease process –> patient with leukemia may continue to function as usual and breast cancer may be affected in physical health

Question 38

Acute illness

Answer 38

reversible, short duration, often severe/intense

Question 39

Chronic illness

Answer 39

longer than 6 months, irreversible, affects 1 or more systems

Question 40

Illness behaviors

Answer 40

the way that the ill act, how people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms
Ex. A nanny views the flu as either an added stress-or or temporary release from childcare/household responsibility –> becomes coping mechanism

Question 41

Variables influencing illness behaviors: Internal

Answer 41

patients perceptions of symptoms and the nature of the illness, influence behavior
Ex. if patient believes that their disease disrupt normal routine, more likely to seek health care assistance even if they do not perceive symptoms
Ex. denial of disease –> no assistance

Question 42

Variables influencing illness behaviors: External

Answer 42

influences patient’s illness behavior include the visibility of symptoms, social groups, cultural background, etc
Ex. patient’s social group will either assist in recognizing the threat of illness or support the denial of potential illness

Question 43

Impact on illness involves

Answer 43

behavioral and emotional changes, changes in roles, body image, self-concept, family dynamics

Question 44

Behavioral and emotional changes

Answer 44

Ex. short term = dad with cold does not want to interact with family activities
Ex. long term = extensive emotion and behavior changes that can lead to anxiety, shock, denial, anger, and with drawl

Question 45

Body image: physical appearance

Answer 45

Ex. leg amputation = shock, with drawl, acknowledgement, acceptance and rehab –> family can be anxious, with drawl and refuse to discuss

Question 46

Self-concept

Answer 46

mental image of strengths and weaknesses in all aspects of personality (body image/roles.psychology/spirituality)
Ex. patient’s self-concept may no longer meet family expectations –>tension–>family changes interactions with patient–>develop care plan to help

Question 47

Family Roles

Answer 47

parents and children try to adapt to major changes that result as a reversal (common)
ex. adult parent becomes ill –> adult child tends as a parent instead

Question 48

Family Dynamics

Answer 48

often change –> processes by which the family functions, makes decisions, gives support to individual members and copes with everyday changes and challenges
Ex. Men with illness –> wife feeling detachment, sense of loneliness –> nurse should view whole family as a patient under stress