Chapter 40 Oxygenation Flashcards
supply the oxygen demands of the body:
The cardiac and respiratory systems
The exchange of respiratory gases occurs between
the environment and the blood
Respiration is the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide during cellular metabolism.
Neural and chemical regulators control the
rate and depth of respiration in response to changing tissue oxygen demands.
Ventilation:
the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs
Perfusion:
The ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs
(color of skin - pink is good)
Diffusion:
Exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries
Inspiration:
active process
Expiration:
passive process that depends on elastic recoil properties
Surfactant:
chemical produced in the lungs to maintain surface tension
Atelectasis:
collapse of the alveoi that prevents normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Stroke volume:
the volume of blood ejected from ventricles during systole
Deoxygenated blood
- Blood high in carbon dioxide and low in oxygen
2. To right side of heart, then to lungs
Oxygenated blood
- Blood high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide
2. From the lungs to left side of heart out to rest of body
Myocardial:
Pumping action essential to oxygen delivery
-heart muscle
Factors affecting oxygenation: Physiological
- Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity
- Hypovolemia
- Decreased inspired oxygen concentration
- Increased metabolic rate (fever)
-Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity
Anemia and CO posioning
Hypovolemia
low blood volume
-related to severe dehydration and shock
Chest wall movement
- Pregnancy
- Obesity
- Musculoskeletal abnormalities
- Trauma
- Neuromuscular abnormalities (polio)
- Central nervous system alterations (paralysis)
Chronic diseases:
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
preload:
end-diastolic volume
afterload:
resistance of left ventricle ejection
NSR:
Normal sinus rhythum - normal sequence on ECG