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Nursing 200 > Chapter 40 Oxygenation > Flashcards

Chapter 40 Oxygenation Flashcards

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1
Q

supply the oxygen demands of the body:

A

The cardiac and respiratory systems

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2
Q

The exchange of respiratory gases occurs between

A

the environment and the blood

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3
Q

Respiration is the exchange of

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide during cellular metabolism.

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4
Q

Neural and chemical regulators control the

A

rate and depth of respiration in response to changing tissue oxygen demands.

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5
Q

Ventilation:

A

the process of moving gases into and out of the lungs

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6
Q

Perfusion:

A

The ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs
(color of skin - pink is good)

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7
Q

Diffusion:

A

Exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and capillaries

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8
Q

Inspiration:

A

active process

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9
Q

Expiration:

A

passive process that depends on elastic recoil properties

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10
Q

Surfactant:

A

chemical produced in the lungs to maintain surface tension

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11
Q

Atelectasis:

A

collapse of the alveoi that prevents normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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12
Q

Stroke volume:

A

the volume of blood ejected from ventricles during systole

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13
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A
  1. Blood high in carbon dioxide and low in oxygen

2. To right side of heart, then to lungs

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14
Q

Oxygenated blood

A
  1. Blood high in oxygen and low in carbon dioxide

2. From the lungs to left side of heart out to rest of body

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15
Q

Myocardial:

A

Pumping action essential to oxygen delivery

-heart muscle

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16
Q

Factors affecting oxygenation: Physiological

A
  • Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity
  • Hypovolemia
  • Decreased inspired oxygen concentration
  • Increased metabolic rate (fever)
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17
Q

-Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity

A

Anemia and CO posioning

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18
Q

Hypovolemia

A

low blood volume

-related to severe dehydration and shock

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19
Q

Chest wall movement

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Obesity
  • Musculoskeletal abnormalities
  • Trauma
  • Neuromuscular abnormalities (polio)
  • Central nervous system alterations (paralysis)
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20
Q

Chronic diseases:

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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21
Q

preload:

A

end-diastolic volume

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22
Q

afterload:

A

resistance of left ventricle ejection

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23
Q

NSR:

A

Normal sinus rhythum - normal sequence on ECG

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24
Q

Hyperventilation:

A

Ventilation in excess of that required to eliminate carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism

25
Q

Hypoxia:

A

Inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level

26
Q

Hypoventilation:

A

Alveolar ventilation inadequate to meet the body’s oxygen demand or to eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide

27
Q

Cyanosis:

A

Blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes

-late sign of hypoxia

28
Q

Dysrhythmias:

A

deviation from the normal sinus heart rhythm

29
Q

Lifestyle risk factors:

A

Smoking
Substance abuse
Stress

30
Q

Smoking

A
  • Associated with heart disease, COPD, and lung cancer

- The risk of lung cancer is 10 times greater for a person who smokes than for a nonsmoker.

31
Q

Substance abuse

A

Excessive use of alcohol and other drugs impairs tissue oxygenation.

32
Q

Stress

A

A continuous state of stress or severe anxiety increases the metabolic rate and oxygen demand of the body.

33
Q

Myocardial ischemia:

A

results when the supply to the blood to the myocardium from the coronary arteries is insufficient to meet oxygen demands

34
Q

Angina pectoris:

A

transient imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand

35
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI) or Acute coronary syndrome (ACS):

A

results from sudden decreases in coronary blood flow or increase in myocardial oxygen demand without adequate perfusion

36
Q

The incidence of pulmonary disease is higher in

A

smoggy, urban areas than in rural areas.

37
Q

Coccidioidomycosis:

A

fungal disease that can inhale spores

38
Q

Asbestosis:

A

lead to lung cancer

39
Q

Vaccinations

A

Influenza, pneumococcal

40
Q

Environmental pollutants

A

Secondhand smoke, work chemicals, and pollutants

41
Q

Dyspnea:

A

clinical sign of hypoxia, difficulty breathing

-anxiety, aspirin poisoning

42
Q

Orthopnea:

A

patient uses multiple pillows when reclining to breath easier or sits leaning forward with arms elevated

43
Q

Acute Care:

A 
Hydration
Humidification
Nebulization
Airway maintenence
Chest physiotherapy 
Dyspnea managment
Coughing, and deep breathing techniques Mobilization of pulmonary secretions
44
Q

Humidification:

A

the process of adding water to gas

45
Q

Nebulization:

A

adds moisture or medications to inspired air by mixing particles of varying sizeses with air

46
Q

Spirometry:

A
  • Helps a patient deep-breathe and prevent infection
  • Lowers rates of postoperative pneumonia
  • -Volume-oriented
47
Q

Chest physiotherapy:

A

group of therapies for mobilizing pulmonary secretions

48
Q

Postural drainage:

A

component of pulmonary hygiene

49
Q

Oxygen therapy:

A
  • To prevent or relieve hypoxia
  • Early signs of hypoxia include anxiety, confusion, restlessness, and elevated blood pressure
  • Used to treat diseases like pneumonia and chronic bronchitis
50
Q

Safety precautions:

A

Oxygen is a medication

51
Q

Supply of oxygen:

A

Tanks or wall-piped system

52
Q

Methods of oxygen delivery:

A
  • Nasal cannula

- Oxygen mask

53
Q

Nasal cannula:

A

-Simple, effective, and comfortable
-Inexpensive and disposable
Oxygen tubing

54
Q

Oxygen mask:

A

Simple face mask
Plastic face mask with reservoir bag
Face tent
Oxygen hood

55
Q

Other types of oxygen delivery devices:

A
  • Transtracheal oxygen cannula: cath insterted into trachea
  • Partial nonrebreather mask with resovoir bag
  • Nonrebreather with bag: has valve to prevent exhaled air from returning
  • Venturi mask: delivers humidity
56
Q

CPR:

A
  1. Circulation
  2. Airway
  3. Breathing
    - Defibrillation (automatic external defibrillator [AED])
57
Q

The nurse is caring for a patient who has decreased mobility. Which intervention is a simple and cost-effective method for reducing risks of stasis of pulmonary secretions and decreased chest wall expansion?

A

Frequent change of position - something the nurse can do without the doctor’s order

58
Q

The nurse goes to assess a new patient and finds him lying supine (flat) in bed. The patient tells the nurse that he feels short of breath. Which nursing action should the nurse perform first?

A

Raise the head of the bed to 45 degrees - comfort first

59
Q

Which intervention is appropriate for preventing atelectasis in the postoperative patient?

A

Incentive spirometer

Nursing 200 (23 decks)

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