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COMM 2O1 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Close relationships:

  • Are central to ?
  • Are distinguished by what characteristics?
  • Have high degrees of?
A
  • Central to psychological and physical health
  • Distinguished by frequency, intensity, intimacy, importance, and satisfaction
  • High degrees of disclosure and openness
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2
Q

Theory of relationship development that explains the primary forces that draw people together.

A

Attraction theory

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3
Q

What are the 3 primary forces that draw people together as explained in the attraction theory?

A
  1. proximity
  2. attractiveness
  3. similarity
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4
Q

How physically close one is to others

A

Proximity

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5
Q

The appeal one person has for another, based on physical appearance, personalities, or behavior

A

Attractiveness

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6
Q

The tendency to develop relationships with people who are approximately as attractive as we are

A

Matching hypothesis

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7
Q

Degree to which people share the same values, interests, and background

A

Similarity

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8
Q

A theory of relationship development that argues relationship development is facilitated or derailed by participants’ efforts to reduce their uncertainty about each other

A

Uncertain reduction theory

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9
Q

The uncertain reduction theory focuses on relationship development in what stage

A

when people first meet

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10
Q

In the uncertain reduction theory we determine what?

A

Whether we wish to interact with them again and whether or not we will increase our levels of disclosure

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11
Q

Uncertain reduction solicits more what from the other person

A

personal disclosure

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12
Q

Theory of relationship development that attempts to explain how reducing uncertainty can lead to attraction or repulsion

A

Predicted outcome theory

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13
Q

In the predicted outcome theory, positive predicts elicit what and negative predictions do what?

A
  • positive: result in continued interaction

- negative: result in de-escalation of the relationship

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14
Q

Theory of relationship development that explains the development and longevity of relationships as due to individuals’ ability to maximize the rewards and minimize the costs of their relationships

A

Social exchange theory

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15
Q

People try to maximize rewards and minimize costs of friendships and romantic relationships

A

Social exchange

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16
Q

What are the rewards of social exchange?

A

Companionship, being cared for, and in some cases sex among others

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17
Q

Theory that argues that people are more satisfied in relationships they perceive as fair, that is, where their costs are balanced or exceeded by their rewards

A

Equity theory

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18
Q

Perception that one’s costs (or inputs) are balanced by one’s rewards (or outputs); People interested in achieving fairness

A

Equity

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19
Q

There are 2 kinds of people in the equity theory

A
  1. underbenefitted

2. overbenefitted

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20
Q

These people perceive that their costs exceed their outputs/rewards

A

Underbenefitted

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21
Q

These people perceive that their rewards exceed their costs

A

Overbenefitted

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22
Q

This theory states that relationships development through increases in self-disclosure. Breadth and depth of communication

A

Social penetration theory

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23
Q

This conceptualizes relationship development as a staircase. There are 5 steps leading upwards toward commitment and 5 steps leading down toward dissolution

A

The Knapp and Vangelisti Stages of Relationship development

24
Q

The 5 stages toward commitment includes:

  1. Both people behave so as to appear pleasant and likable
  2. Both people seek to learn about each other
  3. Both people seek to increase intimacy and connectedness
  4. Both people portray themselves as a couple
  5. Characterized by public commitment
A
  1. Initiating: both people behave so as to appear pleasant and likable
  2. Experimenting: Both people seek to learn about each other
  3. Intensifying: Both people seek to increase intimacy and connectedness
  4. Integrating: both people portray themselves as a couple
  5. Bonding: characterized by public commitment
25
Q

The 5 steps towards dissolution include:

  1. Couples increase their interpersonal distance
  2. Couples discuss safe topics
  3. Couples try to prevent change
  4. Couples try not to interact with each other
  5. Couples end the relationship
A
  1. Differentiating: couples increase their interpersonal distance
  2. Circumscribing: couples discuss safe topics
  3. Stagnating: couples try to prevent change
  4. Avoiding: couples try no to interact with eachother
  5. Terminating: couples end the relationship
26
Q

These view relationship development as more variable than previously thought

A

Relational trajectory models

27
Q

This model of relationship development indicates that relationships do not always grow in a linear fashion but that couple can turn toward or away from commitment at various times

A

Turning point model

28
Q

T/F: Initiating romantic relationships is more expected from women

A

False

29
Q

Theory that proposes relationships develop through increases in self-disclosure

A

Social penetration theory

30
Q

Behaviors that couples perform that help maintain their relationships

A

Relational maintenance

31
Q

What are three dialectical tensions that exist in relationships?

A
  1. autonomy/connection
  2. expressiveness/privacy
  3. change/predictability
32
Q

T/F: Conversation doesnt play an important role in maintaining friendships

A

false

33
Q

Process by which relationships decline over time

A

Passing away

34
Q

Process by which relationships end without prior warning for at least one participant

A

Sudden death

35
Q

What are some reasons for courtship dissolution?

A
  • lack of autonomy, of similarity, of supportiveness, or due to infidelity
  • characteristics that drew us to a partner become less appealing over time
36
Q

What are some general strategies couples use to end relationships?

A
  • negative identity management
  • de-escalation
  • justification
  • postive/tone
  • avoidance
37
Q

What are some reasons for friendship dissolution?

A
  • lack of communication skills
  • rule-breaking
  • deception
  • boredom
38
Q

Friendship termination strategy in which friends spend less time together, dont return phone calls, and avoid places where they are likely to see eachother

A

Withdrawal/avoidance

39
Q

Friendship termination strategy in having a third party convey one’s unhappiness about a relationship

A

Machiavellian tactics

40
Q

An adverse communication behavior in relationships that includes, concealment, distortion, or dishonesty in communication

A

Deception

41
Q

the tendency to not suspect one’s intimates of deception

A

truth bias

42
Q

A complex and often painful emotion that occurs when a person perceives a threat to an existing relationship

A

Jealousy

43
Q

Physical violence against a partner or a child

A

Interpersonal violence

44
Q

Physically nonviolent pressure to engage in unwanted sex

A

sexual coercion

45
Q

T/F: Most heterosexuals are unaware of effect of cultural norms on their relationships

A

true

46
Q

High degree of similarity

A

homogeneity

47
Q

Societies exhibit norms for mate selection, behavior, and communication

A

relationship follows norms: not difficult to conform

it doesnt: invalidating and exhausting

48
Q

These may outline practices for relationship formation or enactment

A

institutions and organizations

49
Q

T/F: businesses often create policies and practices for relationship formation or enactment

A

true

50
Q

Friendships follow what norms? Friendships are what kind of matter?

A

Follow societal norms

- an individual matter and also a social event

51
Q

T/F: we expect our close friends to be authentic or real

A

true

52
Q

Communication is connected to intimacy

A

yeah basically

53
Q

Is it easy or difficult to provide negative feedback?

A

difficult

54
Q

Messages that criticize, tease, reject, or otherwise cause an emotional injury to another

A

Hurtful messages

55
Q

T/F: apologies almost always have success in repairing relationships after hurtful messages

A

false. they succeed sometimes

COMM 2O1 (18 decks)

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