Chapter 5 Flashcards by Angel Thornsbury

Verbal communication is the _______ or ____ words or ______ we exchange

Writen or oral

Sounds

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Verbal communication includes the ___________, _______, and ________ __ ______

Pronuciation, accent and meanings of words

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T/F: Children from families who converse and eat meals together on a regular basis do NOT have higher self-esteem and do NOT interact better with their peers

False.

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Seven Functions of Language

Instrumental
Regulatory
Functions to inform
Heuristic
Interactional
Personal Language
Used Imaginatively

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Use of language to obtain what you need or desire. (One of the seven functions of language)

Instrumental

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Use of language to control or regulate the behaviors of others. (One of the seven functions of language)

Regulatory

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Use of language to communicate information or report facts. (One of the seven functions of language)

Informative

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Use of language to acquire knowledge and understanding (One of the seven functions of language)

Heuristic

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Use of language to establish and define social relationships (one of the seven functions of language)

Interactional

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Use of language to express individuality and personality (one of the seven functions of language)

Personal language

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Use of language to express oneself artistically or creatively (One of the seven functions of language)

Imaginative

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What are the four compenents of language?

Phonology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmitics

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T/F: Every language has its own rules of grammar

So true

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The study of the sounds that compose individual languages and how these sounds communicate meaning. (Also one of the four components of language)

Phonology

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The rules that govern word order (One of the four compenents of language)

Syntax

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The study of meaning (One of the four compenents of language)

Semantics

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Field of study that emphasizes how language is used in specific situations to accomplish goals (One of the four components of language)

Pragmatics

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Two examples of semantics (HINT: The types of meanings)

Denotative meanings

Connotative meanings

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Literal meanings of words

Denotative meanings

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Interpretive meanings of words

Connotative meanings

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Branch of pragmatics that suggests that when people communicate, they do not just say things, they also do things with their words

Speech act theory

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Example of speech act theory. Most common act among U.S. family contexts.

Nagging

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Pragmatics requires _________ and __________ knowledge

Cultural and contextual

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Pragmatics may be ________ or __________

Direct of indirect

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Turn taking is an example of this

Conversational rules

Define the pragmatics appropiate for the communication situation and vary by culture

Contextual rules

These govern the way we communicate and vary somehwat from context to context

Conversational rules

A variation of language distingushed by its vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation

Dialect

Vocabulary (dialect)

Lexical choice

When ________ influence several aspects of language, speakers have a specific DIALECT

Identities

T/F: Men and women are more different in verbal communication

False

Much of the differences between men and women's verbal communication stem from ________, _______, and ____________

Power, status and expectations

Perceptions of gender differences are influences by ___________ and ____________ factors.

Relational and situational factors

T/F: Verbal communication, particularly word choice, is subject to varation by age

True

The influence of shared characteristics of a group that was born and reared in the same general period

Cohort effect

T/F: Most common influence is on pronunciation

True

Ethnicity and race influences verbal style through ______, _____, and _____ ______

Syntax, accent and word choice

T/F: Ethnic groups speak the same language with similar styles

Faaaallllssseee. they unique.

A version of english that has its roots in West African, Carribean, and U.S. slave languages

African American Vernacular English

The practice of language or dialect to accommodate to the communication situation

Code switching

The specialized terms that develop in many professions

Jargon

Those who argue that any idea can be expressed in any language and that the structure and vocabulary of the language do not influence the speaker's perception of the world

Nominalists

Those who argue that language serves not only as a way for us to voice our ideas but "is itself the shaper of ideas, the guide for the individual's mental activity"

Relativists

Idea that the language people speak determines the way they see the world (a relativist)

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Explores the role of power in daily interactions

Co-cultural theory

_________ groups set the norm

Privileged

__________ maintains and reinforces power

Language

T/F: Society tends to value more male communication style

So false. We da best.

Messages associates dialects and accents with __________ __________

Cultural attitudes

Accents and variations set off ____________

Stereotypes

T/F: Labels for others offer important messages about power relations

Truuuuuueee

Use of verbal communication to attack others based upon some social category (unethical)

Hate speech

Comments that reject or invalidate a positive or negative self-image of our conversational partnera

Disconforming communication

Comments that validate positive self-images of others

Confirming communication

Three ways to improve verbal communication "I Statements"

"I Statements" Describe other person's behavior Describe your feelings about the other person's behavior Describe the consequences the other person's behavior has for you

Imrpove your verbal communication skills by becoming aware of the ________ language has to influence _______ _______

Power other people

The slang cards exercise showed what?

The language is arbitrary

Three reasons for learning about verbal communication

Plays an important part in our lives Assists us in developing relationships Helps us create identities Helps us accomplish every day tasks

Influences on verbal communication

``` Gender Age Regionality Ethinicity & race Education & Occupation ```

Tracey: Guess what? I earned an A on my midterm. Lou: Wow, it must ave been an easy test. This is an example of what kind of communication?

Disconfirming bc Lous is kind of an asshole Also bc he is promoting a negative self-image fo Tracey

Tracey: Guess what? I got an A on my midterm Lou: That's great. I know it's a tough class; you deserve to be proud. This is an example of what kind of communication?

Confirming bc Lou is not being an asshole (good for you Lou) and is validating positive self-images of Tracey