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COMM 2O1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why does communication differ from other social sciences?

A

It focuses exclusively on the exchange of messages to create meaning

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2
Q

What is the history of communication like?

A

It is a long history that dates as far back to the classical era of Western civilization with the writings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

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3
Q

True or false: Is communication complex?

A

TRUE

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4
Q

What is co-rumination (when does it occur)?

A

It occurs when we talk again and again and again with others about a problem in our lives because we are focusing on the issue and its negative effects instead of a solution.

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5
Q

Why do you need to study communication? (What do students learn?)

A

Communication students learn how humans exchange messages to create meaning and how to improve that exchange in a variety of contexts

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6
Q

T/F: Communications is a set of skills to help accomplish practical goals

A

FALSE

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7
Q

Communications is a complex activity influenced by ___ ____, ___ ____, and ____ ___

A

Cultural differences, cognitive abilities, and social norm

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8
Q

Communication is a complex process that requires understanding and what? to improve communication experiences

A

Critical thinking

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9
Q

What are the 5 steps to Critical Thinking: A Key To Successful Communication

A
  1. Identify the assertion or action 2. Ask “what is the evidence for and against the assertion or action”? 3. Ask “what does the bulk of the evidence point to?” 4. Ask “what other explanations or conclusions are possible?” 5. Continue to keep an open mind
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10
Q

What are some advantages of studying human communication?

A

A. We can use communication to meet people, develop satisfying relationships, or terminate unsatisfying ones B. Poor communication can negatively transform lives, while good communication can positively transform lives C. Studying communication can prepare you for your career

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11
Q

We use communication to establish what to ourselves and others?

A

Identity

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12
Q

What is human communication?

A

A transactional process in which people generate meaning through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages in specific contexts, influenced by individual and societal forces, and embedded in culture

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13
Q

What are the 7 components of human communication?

A
  1. Message creation 2. Meaning creation 3. Setting 4. Participants 5. Channels 6. Noise 7. Feedback
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14
Q

What does message creation involve?

A

Encoding and decoding.

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15
Q

Communication is symbolic and is made up of what 2 kinds of this?

A

Symbolic - Verbal - Nonverbal

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16
Q

When we say that communication is symbolic we mean that the symbols we use are ____

A

Arbitrary

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17
Q

What are verbal symbols? Nonverbal symbols?

A

Words or phrases Gestures, facial expressions, vocal tone, etc.

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18
Q

What does it mean when we say that symbols are arbitrary?

A

They have no inherent meaning and must be negotiated and agreed on by communicators

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19
Q

What is the goal of communication?

A

To create meaning.

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20
Q

Why can people hear the same messages but understand it differently?

A

Because the messages we send/receive shape meaning beyond the symbols because we bring to each meaning our own set of experiences, beliefs, and values that help shape these specific meanings

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21
Q

Each message carries two types of meanings, which are?

A
  1. Content meaning 2. Relationship meaning
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22
Q

The concrete meaning of the message, and the meanings suggested by or associated with the message as well as the emotions triggered by it

A

Content meaning

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23
Q

What a message conveys about the relationship between the parties

A

Relationship meaning

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24
Q

Content meaning is made up of what 2 parts?

A
  1. Denotative meaning 2. Connotative meaning
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25
Q

The concrete meaning of the message. Ex: what you find in a dictionary

A

Denotative meaning

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26
Q

The meanings associated with the message and the emotions triggered by it

A

Connotative meaning

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27
Q

The location and environment of the communication

A

Setting

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28
Q

The people engaged in communication. These vary in number, similarity, and relationship to one another

A

Participants

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29
Q

The means by which messages are transmitted

A

Channels

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30
Q

Any stimulus that interferes with the quality of a message

A

Noise

31
Q

Refers to verbal or nonverbal response to a message. Lets a sender know if the message was received and how the message was interpreted

A

Feedback

32
Q

What are the two ways that human communication has been modeled?

A
  1. Linear 2. Synergetic
33
Q

What were the earliest models of communication like?

A

They were linear and based on a sender encoding a message, which were sent to a receiver for decoding

34
Q

What was a form that evolved from linear but not quite synergetic?

A

Transactional model

35
Q

What is the transactional model like?

A

The message is being received and sent both ways. Meaning is generated back and forth. Two-way communication.

36
Q

What is one of Dr. Ashlock’s favorite sayings?

A

Small talk is big talk

37
Q

Communication occurs when two or more people create meaning as they respond to each other and their environment.

A

Synergetic model

38
Q

What aspects of the synergetic model make it different from the transactional model?

A

Individual and societal forces, contexts, and culture. A lot more noise.

39
Q

4 aspects of the synergetic model are? (Hint: Each start with “Communication is influenced by _____)

A
  1. Communication is influenced by individual forces 2. Communication is influenced by societal forces. 3. Communication is influenced by culture 4. Communication is influenced by context
40
Q

What is it meant by when we say that communication is transactional?

A
  1. Each participant is a sender and receiver at the same time 2. Meaning is created as people communicate together 3. Communication is an ongoing process 4. Previous communication events and relationships influence its meaning
41
Q

When we say that communication is influenced by individual forces, these include your?

A

Field of experience, such as education and experiences

42
Q

When we say that communication is influenced by societal forces, this means that?

A

Values placed on individual characteristics come from societal values

43
Q

Culture is dynamic and heterogenous, meaning that?

A

It changes over time & is not the same for all members of a cultural group

44
Q

What does context include?

A

The setting

45
Q

The choices we make as communicators are vital to what?

A

Our professional and personal relationships

46
Q

Ethical communication involves several dimensions including what 4 things?

A
  1. Truthfulness 2. Sharing or withholding information 3. The relative benefit or harm of messages 4. Absolute or relative ethical standards
47
Q

What is the goal of all of this?

A

To become a competent communicator

48
Q

Competence is composed of two elements, which are:

A

Appropriateness & effectiveness

49
Q

A transactional process in which people generate meaning through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages in specific contexts, influenced by individual and social forces, and embedded in culture

A

Human Communication

50
Q

The building blocks of communication events

A

Messages

51
Q

Taking ideas and converting them into messages

A

Encoding

52
Q

Receiving a message and interpreting its meaning

A

Decoding

53
Q

Something that represents something else and conveys meaning

A

Symbol

54
Q

The concrete meaning of the message, and the meanings suggested by or associated with the message as well as the emotions triggered by it

A

Content meaning

55
Q

What a message conveys about the relationship between the parties

A

Relationship meaning

56
Q

The physical surroundings of a communication event

A

Setting

57
Q

The people interacting during communication

A

Participants

58
Q

The means through which a message is transmitted

A

Channel

59
Q

Any stimulus that can interfere with, or degrade, the quality of a message

A

Noise

60
Q

The response of a message

A

Feedback

61
Q

A transactional model that emphasizes how individual and societal forces, contexts, and culture interact to affect the communication process

A

Synergetic Model

62
Q

The education and experiences that a communicator possesses

A

Field of Experience

63
Q

Learned patterns of perceptions, values, and behaviors shared by a group of people

A

Culture

64
Q

Standards of what is right and wrong, good and bad, moral and immoral

A

Ethics

65
Q

The standards of right and wrong that one applies to messages that are sent and recieved

A

Communication ethics

66
Q

The belief that there is a single correct moral standard that holds for everyone, everywhere, every time

A

Absolutism

67
Q

The belief that moral behavior vaires among individuals, groups, and cultures and across situations

A

Relativism

68
Q

The ability to adapt to one’s communication to achieve one’s goals

A

Communication Competence

69
Q

Following the rules, norms and expectations for specific situations or relationships

A

Appropriateness

70
Q

Achieveing one’s goals successfully

A

Effectiveness

71
Q

Speakers generally have 3 types of goals that are important during an interaction

A
  1. Content goals 2. Relationship goals 3. Identity goals
72
Q

Goals that describe the concrete outcomes you would like to achieve during an interaction

A

Content goals

73
Q

Goals that refer to your desire to change or maintain your relationship with another

A

Relationship goals

74
Q

Goals that describe how we would like others to see us or help us see ourselves

A

Identity goals

COMM 2O1 (18 decks)

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