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Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why does communication differ from other social sciences?

A

It focuses exclusively on the exchange of messages to create meaning

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2
Q

What is the history of communication like?

A

It is a long history that dates as far back to the classical era of Western civilization with the writings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

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3
Q

True or false: Is communication complex?

A

TRUE

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4
Q

What is co-rumination (when does it occur)?

A

It occurs when we talk again and again and again with others about a problem in our lives because we are focusing on the issue and its negative effects instead of a solution.

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5
Q

Why do you need to study communication? (What do students learn?)

A

Communication students learn how humans exchange messages to create meaning and how to improve that exchange in a variety of contexts

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6
Q

T/F: Communications is a set of skills to help accomplish practical goals

A

FALSE

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7
Q

Communications is a complex activity influenced by ___ ____, ___ ____, and ____ ___

A

Cultural differences, cognitive abilities, and social norm

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8
Q

Communication is a complex process that requires understanding and what? to improve communication experiences

A

Critical thinking

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9
Q

What are the 5 steps to Critical Thinking: A Key To Successful Communication

A
  1. Identify the assertion or action 2. Ask “what is the evidence for and against the assertion or action”? 3. Ask “what does the bulk of the evidence point to?” 4. Ask “what other explanations or conclusions are possible?” 5. Continue to keep an open mind
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10
Q

What are some advantages of studying human communication?

A

A. We can use communication to meet people, develop satisfying relationships, or terminate unsatisfying ones B. Poor communication can negatively transform lives, while good communication can positively transform lives C. Studying communication can prepare you for your career

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11
Q

We use communication to establish what to ourselves and others?

A

Identity

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12
Q

What is human communication?

A

A transactional process in which people generate meaning through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages in specific contexts, influenced by individual and societal forces, and embedded in culture

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13
Q

What are the 7 components of human communication?

A
  1. Message creation 2. Meaning creation 3. Setting 4. Participants 5. Channels 6. Noise 7. Feedback
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14
Q

What does message creation involve?

A

Encoding and decoding.

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15
Q

Communication is symbolic and is made up of what 2 kinds of this?

A

Symbolic - Verbal - Nonverbal

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16
Q

When we say that communication is symbolic we mean that the symbols we use are ____

A

Arbitrary

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17
Q

What are verbal symbols? Nonverbal symbols?

A

Words or phrases Gestures, facial expressions, vocal tone, etc.

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18
Q

What does it mean when we say that symbols are arbitrary?

A

They have no inherent meaning and must be negotiated and agreed on by communicators

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19
Q

What is the goal of communication?

A

To create meaning.

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20
Q

Why can people hear the same messages but understand it differently?

A

Because the messages we send/receive shape meaning beyond the symbols because we bring to each meaning our own set of experiences, beliefs, and values that help shape these specific meanings

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21
Q

Each message carries two types of meanings, which are?

A
  1. Content meaning 2. Relationship meaning
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22
Q

The concrete meaning of the message, and the meanings suggested by or associated with the message as well as the emotions triggered by it

A

Content meaning

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23
Q

What a message conveys about the relationship between the parties

A

Relationship meaning

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24
Q

Content meaning is made up of what 2 parts?

A
  1. Denotative meaning 2. Connotative meaning
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25
The concrete meaning of the message. Ex: what you find in a dictionary
Denotative meaning
26
The meanings associated with the message and the emotions triggered by it
Connotative meaning
27
The location and environment of the communication
Setting
28
The people engaged in communication. These vary in number, similarity, and relationship to one another
Participants
29
The means by which messages are transmitted
Channels
30
Any stimulus that interferes with the quality of a message
Noise
31
Refers to verbal or nonverbal response to a message. Lets a sender know if the message was received and how the message was interpreted
Feedback
32
What are the two ways that human communication has been modeled?
1. Linear 2. Synergetic
33
What were the earliest models of communication like?
They were linear and based on a sender encoding a message, which were sent to a receiver for decoding
34
What was a form that evolved from linear but not quite synergetic?
Transactional model
35
What is the transactional model like?
The message is being received and sent both ways. Meaning is generated back and forth. Two-way communication.
36
What is one of Dr. Ashlock's favorite sayings?
Small talk is big talk
37
Communication occurs when two or more people create meaning as they respond to each other and their environment.
Synergetic model
38
What aspects of the synergetic model make it different from the transactional model?
Individual and societal forces, contexts, and culture. A lot more noise.
39
4 aspects of the synergetic model are? (Hint: Each start with "Communication is influenced by \_\_\_\_\_)
1. Communication is influenced by individual forces 2. Communication is influenced by societal forces. 3. Communication is influenced by culture 4. Communication is influenced by context
40
What is it meant by when we say that communication is transactional?
1. Each participant is a sender and receiver at the same time 2. Meaning is created as people communicate together 3. Communication is an ongoing process 4. Previous communication events and relationships influence its meaning
41
When we say that communication is influenced by individual forces, these include your?
Field of experience, such as education and experiences
42
When we say that communication is influenced by societal forces, this means that?
Values placed on individual characteristics come from societal values
43
Culture is dynamic and heterogenous, meaning that?
It changes over time & is not the same for all members of a cultural group
44
What does context include?
The setting
45
The choices we make as communicators are vital to what?
Our professional and personal relationships
46
Ethical communication involves several dimensions including what 4 things?
1. Truthfulness 2. Sharing or withholding information 3. The relative benefit or harm of messages 4. Absolute or relative ethical standards
47
What is the goal of all of this?
To become a competent communicator
48
Competence is composed of two elements, which are:
Appropriateness & effectiveness
49
A transactional process in which people generate meaning through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages in specific contexts, influenced by individual and social forces, and embedded in culture
Human Communication
50
The building blocks of communication events
Messages
51
Taking ideas and converting them into messages
Encoding
52
Receiving a message and interpreting its meaning
Decoding
53
Something that represents something else and conveys meaning
Symbol
54
The concrete meaning of the message, and the meanings suggested by or associated with the message as well as the emotions triggered by it
Content meaning
55
What a message conveys about the relationship between the parties
Relationship meaning
56
The physical surroundings of a communication event
Setting
57
The people interacting during communication
Participants
58
The means through which a message is transmitted
Channel
59
Any stimulus that can interfere with, or degrade, the quality of a message
Noise
60
The response of a message
Feedback
61
A transactional model that emphasizes how individual and societal forces, contexts, and culture interact to affect the communication process
Synergetic Model
62
The education and experiences that a communicator possesses
Field of Experience
63
Learned patterns of perceptions, values, and behaviors shared by a group of people
Culture
64
Standards of what is right and wrong, good and bad, moral and immoral
Ethics
65
The standards of right and wrong that one applies to messages that are sent and recieved
Communication ethics
66
The belief that there is a single correct moral standard that holds for everyone, everywhere, every time
Absolutism
67
The belief that moral behavior vaires among individuals, groups, and cultures and across situations
Relativism
68
The ability to adapt to one's communication to achieve one's goals
Communication Competence
69
Following the rules, norms and expectations for specific situations or relationships
Appropriateness
70
Achieveing one's goals successfully
Effectiveness
71
Speakers generally have 3 types of goals that are important during an interaction
1. Content goals 2. Relationship goals 3. Identity goals
72
Goals that describe the concrete outcomes you would like to achieve during an interaction
Content goals
73
Goals that refer to your desire to change or maintain your relationship with another
Relationship goals
74
Goals that describe how we would like others to see us or help us see ourselves
Identity goals

COMM 2O1 (18 decks)

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