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COMM 2O1 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Our _____ largely determine our understanding and our actions

A

Perceptions

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2
Q

Identities are influenced by and also influence _____

A

perception

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3
Q

Perception and what are powerfully entwined?

A

Identity

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4
Q

Perception is the process of what 3 things/steps?

A
  1. Selection
  2. Organization
  3. Interpretation
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5
Q

We collect and understand information through what?

A

Our senses

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6
Q

The process of choosing which sensory information to focus on

A

Selection

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7
Q

The process by which one recognizes what sensory input represents

A

Organization

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8
Q

The act of assigning meaning to sensory information

A

Interpretation

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9
Q
  • Conscious or unconscious stimuli

- Allows us to narrowly focus on stimuli

A

Selection

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10
Q

We select identity based on what 3 things?

A
  1. Aspects of our identity
  2. Features of another person or object
  3. Our own goals
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11
Q

This occurs when we recognize and order stimuli that we have attended to. Allows us to make sense of everything and respond accordingly

A

Organization

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12
Q

The ability to form mental maps of the world

A

Cognitive representation

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13
Q

These consist of general outlines and are not fixed

A

Cognitive maps

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14
Q

Communication behavior is influenced by this; a representative or idealized version of a person or concept (Ex: ideal vision of a friend, a professor)

A

Prototype

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15
Q

These keep us from making too many social mistakes. A relatively fixed sequence of events that function as a guide or template for communication or behavior

A

Script

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16
Q

A process of grouping objects or categories of information together with linguistic symbols

A

Categorization

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17
Q

A name assigned to a category based on one’s perception of the category. One type of categorization which can lead us to view people in one dimension.

A

Labeling

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18
Q

A type of labeling where people overgeneralize attributes of members of a group

A

Stereotyping

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19
Q

Assigning meaning to stimuli

A

Interpretation

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20
Q

A structure that shapes how people interpret their perceptions. Develops from life experience, interactions with others, and personality

A

Frame

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21
Q

One way that we interpret behavior is by attributing causes of behavior, explained by

A

attribution theory

22
Q

Explanation of the processes we use to judge our own and others behavior

A

Attribution theory

23
Q

We attribute behavior as either being ____ caused (based on someone’s personality or choices) or _____ caused (based on the environment or situation)

A

Internally ; externally

24
Q

This attribution bias is when you are more likely to attribute your own positive behavior to internal states and your negative behavior to external causes

A

Self-serving bias

25
Q

The tendency to attribute one’s own negative behavior to external causes and one’s positive actions to internal state

A

Attributional bias

26
Q

The tendency to attribute others’ negative behavior to internal causes and their positive behaviors to external causes

A

Fundamental attribution error

27
Q

This is an example of?

- Drive who cuts you off is a jerk

A

Fundamental attribution error

28
Q

You are likely to attribute an internal cause to unexpected behavior, such as laughter during a sad movie

A

Attribution theory

29
Q

Many factors influence how we interpret and respond to sensory information:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Physical differences
  2. Personality and individual characteristics
  3. Cognitive complexity
30
Q

Influences how you interpret and respond to sensory input

A

emotional state

31
Q

Tendency to view and interpret the world in consistent ways

A

Outlook

32
Q

Perception, communication and decision making are influenced about what you know about an event or topic

A

Knowledge

33
Q

Refers to the degree of how detailed, involved, or numerous a person’s constructs are

A

Cognitive complexity

34
Q

Categories people develop to help them organize information

A

Constructs

35
Q

The activity that we did involving writing down things we know about a loved one involved?

A

Cognitive complexity of interpersonal constructs

36
Q

This influences how others perceive you and, how you perceive others and the world. It also affects how you see people of different social standing and racial bias

A

Power

37
Q

Every culture emphasis a few of the 5 senses (called?)

A

The sensory model

38
Q

_____ backgrounds influence what people talk about and how they communicate

A

cultural

39
Q

This leads to expectations about how others should or should not behave

A

Social comparison

40
Q

The tendency to view one’s own group as the standard against which all other groups are judged

A

Ethnocentrism

41
Q
  • Defines what we expect from a group
  • Leads to prejudice
  • When you categorize people and then make assumptions about them based on broad generalizations you have about people in that category you are engaged in
A

Stereotyping

42
Q

Stereotypes and ethnocentrism often lead to the experience of negative feelings toward a group or individual in that group because she or he belongs to that group

A

Prejudice

43
Q

The role prejudice plays in protection individuals’ sense of worth

A

Ego-defensive function

44
Q

The role played by prejudice in allowing people to view their own values, norms, and cultural practices as appropriate and correct

A

Value-expressive function

45
Q

The historical time period you live in influences your perception and communication

A

Yeah basically

46
Q

The process by which historical events influence the perceptions of people who grew up in a given generation and time period

A

Cohort effect

47
Q

The specific positions you hold in a society

A

Social role

48
Q

The ways you communicate to and about people are connected to your perceptions of them. _____ ______ of other people may lead you to avoid communicating with certain people, or communicating in an offensive or inappropriate way with them.

A

unethical communication

49
Q

3 ways that perceptual process can be improved

A
  1. engage in mindfulness
  2. separate facts from inferences
  3. rely on perception checking
50
Q

One communication act that can improve your perception skills

A

Checking with others to see if their perceptions of others are similar to yours

COMM 2O1 (18 decks)

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