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COMM 2O1 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Communication that is used to influence the attitudes or behaviors of others; the art of persuasion

A

Rhetoric

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2
Q

What are 3 functions of rhetorical communication is society?

A
  1. helps strengthen democratic societies
  2. helps people pursue justice
  3. helps people clarify their own beliefs and actions
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3
Q

What are some advantages of studying rhetoric?

A
  1. understanding viewpoints surrounding social issues
  2. understanding cultures
  3. critically evaluate and respond to persuasive messages
  4. become better communicators
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4
Q

An informed consumer of rhetorical discourse who is prepared to analyse rhetorical texts

A

Rhetorical critic

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5
Q

A method for generating knowledge about rhetoric

A

Rhetorical criticism

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6
Q

The first group to teach persuasive speaking skills in the Greek city-states

A

Sophists

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7
Q

Sophists style of persuasive speaking skills is seen how today?

A

unethical in today’s environment

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8
Q

Rejected the relativist approach and used rhetoric to search for “absolute” universal truth

A

Plato

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9
Q

Believed skillful persuasion was needed to defend truth and justice

A

Aristotle

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10
Q

Who was the greatest Roman orator?

A

Cicero

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11
Q

A public speaker

A

Orator

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12
Q

Who used rhetoric for the public good and found that public speaking typically strives to inform, to entertain, and to persuade

A

Cicero

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13
Q

He represented the Catholic Church’s thought that rhetoric could be used to represent divine truth

A

Augustine

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14
Q

What 2 things is the definition of rhetoric based upon?

A
  • the person offering the definition

- the historical period in which the definition is offered

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15
Q

A person or institution that addresses a large audience; the originator of a communication message but not necessarily the one delivering it

A

Rhetor

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16
Q

Every rhetor holds a social position that determines what 2 things?

A

His/her right to speak

his/her right to access civic speaking spaces

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17
Q

Artistic skills of a rhetor that influence effectivness

A

Artistic proofs

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18
Q

What are the 2 artistic proofs

A

ethos, pathos, logos

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19
Q

The proof of ___ has to do with the credibility of the rhetor and the rhetorical construction of character

A

Ethos

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20
Q

The identity one creates through one’s public communication efforts

A

Persona

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21
Q

The proof of ____ has to do with a rhetor’s use of emotions in public communication. The use of emotions to affect audience decision making

A

Pathos

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22
Q

The proof of ____ has to do with the use of rational appeals; the use of rhetoric to help the audience see the rationale for a particular conclusion

A

Logos

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23
Q

Place in the social hierarchy, which comes from the way society is structured

A

Social position

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24
Q

Those people who can take the appropriate action in response to a message

A

Rhetorical audience

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25
Q

What are the 4 functions of rhetoric?

A
  1. reaffirming cultural values
  2. increasing democratic participation
  3. securing justice
  4. promoting social change
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26
Q

Any event that generates a significant amount of public discourse

A

Rhetorical event

27
Q

Each rhetorical event will bring out a range of rhetors seeking to explain the event and to reaffirm cultural values through praising and blaming, called?

A

Epideictic rhetoric

28
Q

The type of rhetoric used to argue what a society should do in the future, and allows citizens an opportunity for critical listening and decision making, increasing democratic participation

A

Deliberative rhetoric

29
Q

The arena in which deliberative decision making occurs through the exhange of ideas and arguments

A

Public sphere

30
Q

Deliberative rhetoric focuses on what?

A

The public sphere

31
Q

Rhetoric that addresses events that happened in the past with the goal of setting things right after an injustice has occurred

A

Forensic rhetoric

32
Q

This negotiates ideas about what is just and unjust. Changes over time

A

Forensic rhetoric

33
Q

Rhetorical events can prompt social change by this, a large, organized body of people who are attempting to create social change

A

Social movement

34
Q

T/F: There is no set list of rules to guide ethical choices

A

True

35
Q

T/F: Social media can shape rhetorical discussions

A

True

36
Q

What are some ethical guidelines for receivers of communication

A
  1. be willing to listen to a range of perspectives
  2. avoid being silenced by information overload
  3. listen critically to the rhetor
  4. speak out publicly if a rhetor demeans others
  5. fairly assess what you hear
  6. be willing to change your wind
  7. speak out if you hear misinformation
37
Q

Whichever of three goals – to inform, persuade, or entertain – dominates a speech

A

General purpose

38
Q

What is step one in the synergetic model?

A
  1. Identify your general purpose
39
Q

What are the 3 common objectives in public speaking?

A
  1. informative speeches (instruct, explain, define, demonstrate, clarify, or teach)
  2. persuasive speeches (influence, convince, motivate, sell, preach, or stimulate action)
  3. Evocative speeches
40
Q

Evocative speeches intended to entertain, inspire, celebrate, commemorate, or build community

A

Special-occasion speeches

41
Q

What is step 2 in the synergetic model?

A
  1. understanding your audience
42
Q

The process of determining what an audience already knows or wants to know about a topic, who they are, what they know or need to know about the speaker, and what their expectations might be for the presentation

A

Audience analysis

43
Q

The portion of an audience analysis that considers the ages, races, sexes, sexual orientations, religions, and social class of the audience

A

Demographic analysis

44
Q

What is step 3 of the synergetic model?

A
  1. selecting your topic
45
Q

What is step 4 of the synergetic model?

A
  1. identifying a specific purpose
46
Q

What a speaker wants to inform or persuade an audience about, or the type of feelings the speaker wants to evoke

A

Specific purpose

47
Q

Identifying this, a statement of the topic of a speech and the speaker’s position on it, is the next step in narrowing the purpose and direction of your speech

A

Thesis statement

48
Q

Information that supports the speaker’s ideas. Examples are electronic sources, print sources, and personal sources

A

Supporting materials

49
Q

Audiovisual materials that help a speaker reach intended speech goals

A

Visual aids

50
Q

When your are organizing your presentation, the first step is to choose what?

A

An organizational pattern

51
Q

Your organizational pattern should have how many points? These main points should be divided into?

A

3-5 main points

divided into 3-5 subpoints each

52
Q

A pattern that follows a timeline (timeline)

A

Chronological pattern

53
Q

A pattern that arranges points by location and can be used to describe something small (location)

A

Spatial pattern

54
Q

A pattern that has no innate organization except that imposed by the speaker (logical)

A

Topical pattern

55
Q

A pattern in which the speaker describes various aspects of a problem and then proposes solutions

A

Problem-solution pattern

56
Q

A pattern that is used to create understanding and agreement, and sometimes to argue for a specific action

A

Cause-effect pattern

57
Q

Opening material of a speech from which the audience members gain a first impression of the speech’s content and of the speaker

A

Introduction

58
Q

Transitions in a speech that help an audience understand the speacker’s organization, making it easier to follow

A

Signposts

59
Q

Closing material of a speech where the speaker reviews the main points, may challenge the audience to act, and leaves the audience with a positive view of speaker and topic

A

Conclusion

60
Q

These are examples of:

“my first point, my second point” “lets begin with” “my next point”

A

Signposts

61
Q

Speakers should develop this, or an image

A

Persona

62
Q

The presentation of a speech before an audience

A

Delievery

63
Q

Looking directly into the eyes of another

A

Eye contact

COMM 2O1 (18 decks)

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