Chapter 8

Question 1

The movement, migration, or scattering of people away from an established or ancestral homeland

Answer 1

Diaspora

Question 2

Due to this, increasing cultural diversity within the US, and the Internet, understanding intercultural communication is vital

Answer 2

travel abroad programs

Question 3

Studying intercultural communication can lead to success in these contexts

Answer 3

Domestic and international business contexts

Question 4

Lack of attention to this can lead to costly disasters in business effectiveness

Answer 4

Cultural factors

Question 5

Fostering interethnic relations calls for this

Answer 5

Peacebuilding

Question 6

Working toward stability in a region to prevent conflicts from escalating into war

Answer 6

peace building

Question 7

T/F: People are not motivated to solve “intractable conflicts”

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Studying of intercultural communication can increase this by making us more aware of our own cultural identity and communication patterns

Answer 8

Increase self-awareness

Question 9

This may depend on your social and economic position

Answer 9

Enhanced self awareness

Question 10

Communication that occurs in interactions between people who are culturally different

Answer 10

Intercultural communication

Question 11

Learned patterns of perceptions, values, and behaviors shared by a group of people

Answer 11

Culture

Question 12

Culture is ____, ____, and operates within

Answer 12

Dynamic
Heterogeneous (diverse)
Operates within societal power structures

Question 13

Diverse

Answer 13

heterogeneous

Question 14

Many people live in what kind of environments?

Answer 14

Multicultural environments

Question 15

People who live between cultures and often experience contradictory cultural patterns

Answer 15

Border dwellers

Question 16

What are 3 ways to become a border dweller?

Answer 16

1. travel
2. socialization
3. participation in an intercultural relationship

Question 17

People who are border dwellers by choice for an extended time, such as immigrants

Answer 17

Voluntary long-term travelers

Question 18

People who are border dwellers by choice and for a limited time, such as study-abroad students or corporate personnel

Answer 18

Voluntary short-term travelers

Question 19

People who are border dwellers permanently but not by choice, such as those who relocate to escape war

Answer 19

Involuntary long-term travelers

Question 20

People who are border dwellers not by choice and for only a limited time, such as refugees forced to move

Answer 20

Involuntary short-term travelers

Question 21

What are 2 types of challenges for border dwellers?

Answer 21

1. culture shock

2. reverse culture shock/reentry shock

Question 22

A feeling of disorientation and discomfort due to the lack of familiar environmental cues

Answer 22

Culture shock

Question 23

Culture shock experienced by travelers upon returning to their home country

Answer 23

Reverse culture shock/reentry shock

Question 24

Multiple ? may exist because of one’s race, sexual orientation, or religion

Answer 24

Cultural realities

Question 25

Attempts to do this may lead to exclusion, pressure to assimilate, or cultural limbo

Answer 25

Enact identities

Question 26

T/F: Attitudes toward intercultural relationships have improved in recent decades

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the best way to promote growth?

Answer 27

open communication

Question 28

Negotiating cultural tensions on the borders requires?

Answer 28

flexibility and adaptability

Question 29

People who feel disintegrated by having to shift cultures

Answer 29

Encapsulated marginal people

Question 30

People who thrive in a border-dweller life, while recognizing its tremendous challenges

Answer 30

Constructive marginal people

Question 31

Beliefs that are so central to a cultural group that they are never questioned

Answer 31

Cultural values

Question 32

A value orientation that respects the autonomy and independence of individuals

Answer 32

Individualist orientation

Question 33

A value orientation that stresses the needs of the group

Answer 33

Collectivist orientation

Question 34

What orientation is the us

Answer 34

individualist orientation

Question 35

These cultures have a nuclear family household

Answer 35

individualistic cultures

Question 36

In individualistic cultures, children are ____ and parents are expected to not be a what?

Answer 36

Autonomous (live on their own by late adolescence) | - not to be a burden on their children when they age

Question 37

A value orientation that expresses whether it is more important for a person to "do" or "be"

Answer 37

Preferred personality

Question 38

Working to achieve material gain

Answer 38

"doing mode"

Question 39

Importance of experiencing life and relationships

Answer 39

"Being mode"

Question 40

A value orientation that expresses whether humans are fundamentally good, evil, or a mixture

Answer 40

View of human nature

Question 41

This view includes rehabilitation and innocent until proven guilty

Answer 41

Humans as good

Question 42

This view includes punishment and incarceration

Answer 42

Humans as evil

Question 43

The perceived relationship between humans and nature. Some cultures believe natures rule us, we rule nature, or that we can exist in harmony

Answer 43

Human-nature value orientation

Question 44

A value orientation that refers to the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a culture expect and accept an unequal distribution of power

Answer 44

Power distance

Question 45

The dimension of a society's value orientation that reflects its attitude toward virtue or truth

Answer 45

Long-term versus short-term orientation

Question 46

A value orientation that stresses the importance of possessing one fundamental truth. Monotheistic

Answer 46

Short-term orientation

Question 47

Belief in one god

Answer 47

Monotheistic

Question 48

A value orientation in which people stress the importance of virtue. Polytheistic

Answer 48

Long-term orientation

Question 49

Belief in more than one god

Answer 49

Polytheistic

Question 50

This emphasizes simultaneous contradictory truths; this approach is useful in responding to cultural contradictions

Answer 50

Dialectic approach

Question 51

Instead of either/or, the dialectic approach emphasizes

Answer 51

Both/and

Question 52

The dialectic approach is useful in responding to what

Answer 52

cultural contradictions

Question 53

The dialetic approach challenges what kind of thinking?

Answer 53

Dichotomous thinking

Question 54

Thinking in which things are perceived as either/or, for example: good or bad, right or wrong, big or small

Answer 54

Dichotomous thinking

Question 55

This example of the dialectic approach emphasizes that some behaviors are determined by our culture, while others are idiosyncratic

Answer 55

Cultural-individual dialectic

Question 56

This dialectic approach emphasizes that the individual and the situation are simultaneously important

Answer 56

Personal-contextual dialectic

Question 57

This dialectic approach emphasizes that differences and commonalities between cultures can both be present

Answer 57

Differences-similarities dialectic

Question 58

This example of the dialectic approach emphasizes that cultural patterns can undergo dynamic change

Answer 58

Static-dynamic dialectic

Question 59

This dialectic approach emphasizes the need to understand the past and be aware of current events (emphasizes both the present and the past influences on culture)

Answer 59

History/past-present/future dialectic

Question 60

This example of the dialectic approach emphasizes that cultural members can be simultaneously privileged in some ways while disadvantaged in others

Answer 60

Privilege-disadvantage dialectic

Question 61

These have the power to influence perceptions, understanding, and communication patterns of contemporary intercultural interactions on all relationship levels

Answer 61

Political and historical forces

Question 62

What 2 things provide the best environment for improving interracial attitudes?

Answer 62

Integrated religious institutions and educational institutions

Question 63

What determines whose cultural values will be respected and followed?

Answer 63

Power differences

Question 64

A significant minority group within a dominant majority that does not share dominant group values or communication patterns

Answer 64

Co-cultural group

Question 65

What are 3 guidelines for communicating more ethically with people whose cultural backgrounds differ from your own

Answer 65

1. remember that everyone is enmeshed in a culture and is communicating through a particular cultural lens 2. be aware of the humanity of other cultural groups and avoid viewing them as an exotic other 3. Be open to alternate ways of viewing the world than the ones you were taught