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COMM 2O1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three contemporary approaches to studying human communication?

A

Paradigim
Theory
Methods

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2
Q

Belief system that represents a particular worldview (contemp approach)

A

Paradigm

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3
Q

Set of statements that explains a phenomeon and sometimes leads to hypothesis (contemp approach)

A

Theory

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4
Q

A supposition or propsed explanation

A

Hypothesis

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5
Q

The specific ways that scholars collect and analyze data which they then use to prove their theories (contemp approach)

A

Methods

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6
Q

Contemporary term for the behaviorist approach

A

Social science approach

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7
Q

The focus on the study of behavior as a science

A

Behaviorism

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8
Q

Type of approach that focuses on the individual OR the dyrad (no regard to societal forces)

A

Social science approach

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9
Q

Relating to everyday, real -life situations, such as a classroom, cafe, or mall

A

Naturalistic

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10
Q

Methods that convert data to numerical indicators, and then analyze these numbers using statistics to establish relationships among the concepts

A

Quantitative

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11
Q

An interaction pattern in which one partner critizes or tries to change the other partner, who responds by becoming defensive and then disengaging - either psychologically or physically

A

Demand - withdrawl

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12
Q

An emotional tie, such as the closeness young children develop with their caregivers

A

Attachment

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13
Q

Theories and methods of the social science approach focus on _____

A

Casuality

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14
Q

Social science approach takes place in what kind of setting/settings?

A

Lab or naturalistic settings

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15
Q

What kind of methods does the social science approach use to collect data

A

Quantitative

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16
Q

What kind of patterns of communication does social science approach study?

A

Conflict patterns

EX: demand-withdrawl and attachment

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17
Q

How many and what kind of relationships were studieed in the Divorce study?

A

500 Interracial couples

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18
Q

How long were the couples in the divorce study studied?

A

Over the course of 16 years

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19
Q

How did the researchers check in on the couples progress?

A

Survey each couple

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20
Q

What type of couple in the divorce study had the highest divorce rate?

A

The couple where one wanted to talk the issue through and the other “stonewalled” them

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21
Q

What ethical issue did the Divorce study face?

A

Had to make sure everyone involved was aware of every aspect of the trial.

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22
Q

Contemporary term for humanistic (rhetorical) study

A

Interpretive approach

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23
Q

Influenced by the greek tradition of rhetoric and humanism

A

Interpretive Approach

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24
Q

The interpretive approach focuses on the _______

A

Individual

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25
Q

Communication that is used to influence the attitudes or behaviors of others; the art of persuasion

A

Rhetoric

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26
Q

A system of though that celebrates human nature and its potential

A

Humanism

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27
Q

T/F: Communication is new

A

So false

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28
Q

Interpretive Approach assumes…? (Assumptions)

A

The communicators perspective

Emphasis on the creativity of the human behavior

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29
Q

Interpretive approach uses what method for analysis?

A

Qualitative

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30
Q

Methods in which researchers study naturally occuring communication rather than assembling data and converting it to numbers

A

Qualitative method

31
Q

Most ________________ endorse a paradigm that ssumes that reality is external to individuals and that one can predict future behavior based on observations of past or prsent

A

Social scientists

32
Q

_____________ assume that reality is socially constructed and is internal to inidividuals and groups, so it may not be consistent from group to group

A

Interpretivists

33
Q

The method used depends on the researchers’ ______________ or ____________ to the study of human communication

A

Paradigm

Approach

34
Q

Goal of __________ researchers is to understand and describe individual human communication behavior in specific situations, from the perspective of the COMMUNIATOR

A

Interpretive

35
Q

_____________ approach:Assumptions:Behaviorism:early researchers believed aim of comm research was to describe, predict, and explain human behavior with the ultimate goal of discovering universal laws that apply across situations and contexts

A

Social science approach

36
Q

_____________ approach:Assumptions:Assume that humans construct their own reality and that researchers must tap into these constructions for a full understanding of human comm

A

Interpretive approach

37
Q

The effort to build a theory based directly on participants’ experiences and words and is often used by interpretivists. (Hint: this is an approach but not one of the big 3)

A

Grounded theory approach

38
Q

4 suggestions for how to repair the damage caused by defensive comm

A

Supportive comm

Apologizing and admitting wrongdoing

Focusing on preventive future defensive comm

A brief period of physical or verbal withdrawl

39
Q

____________ approach:Ethical Issues: Presenting findings in a way that accurately reflects the views of particpants. To ensure this, researchers often share their interpretations and conclusions with the study participants, a procedure called member checking.

A

Interpretive approach

40
Q

__________ approach: Assumptions: _________ researchers believe that one must understand the societal forces that shape how people come into contact and communicate. The roles that power and hierachy play in these exchanges must also be understood

A

Critical approach

Critical researchers

41
Q

The critical perspective has a focus on uncovering __________ relations in comm

A

Power relations

42
Q

Critical scholars generally use ____________ methods in their research, including both field observation and textual analysis

A

Qualitative

43
Q

Like the interpretive apporach, the critical approach relies on ____________ research methods and does not generate ____________ conusions

A

Qualitative

Generalizable

44
Q

Our understanding of the comm process flows from all 3 research approaches, and from this we have formulated the ____________ Model of comm, which focuses on societal factors evolved from the critical approach, whereas its inclusion of individual forces reflects the influence of the social sciences and interpretive approaches

A

Synergetic

45
Q

Approach that seeks snapshots of certain comm phenomena and from them attempts to find universal laws that explain human comm

A

Social science

46
Q

Approach that uses content anaysis, ethnographic field studies, and rhetorical analysis to take a more individualized, specfic look at human comm

A

Interpretive

47
Q

Approach that seeks to uncover the element of power that exists in every interaction and to use comm analysis to effect social change

A

Critcal approach

48
Q

Relating to studies in which researchers actively engage with particpants

A

Ethnographic

49
Q

Similar to rhetorical analysis: used to analyze cultral “products” such as media and public speeches

A

Textual analysis

50
Q

Communication patterns within a specific community

A

Cultral communication

51
Q

Used by researchers to examine texts or public speeches as they occur in society with the aim of interpreting

A

Rhetorical Analysis

52
Q

Approach to understanding communication that focuses on specific aspects of the context of a text or group of texts

A

Content anaylsis

53
Q

Relating to studies in which researchers actively engage with participants

A

Ethnographic

54
Q

Communication patterns within a specific community

A

Cultural communication

55
Q

Used by researchers to examine texts or public speeches as they occur in society with the aim of interpreting textual meaning

A

Rhetorical analysis

56
Q

An approach used not only to understand human behavior but ultimately to change society also

A

Critical approach

57
Q

Similar to rhetorical analysis; used to analyze cultural “products” such as media and public speeches

A

Textual analysis

58
Q

Each ____ maintains a set of assumptions about knowledge, the nature of reality, and human nature

A

Paradigm

59
Q

Paradigms influence the development of ___ and these sometimes leads researchers to make a _____

A

Theory ; hypothesis

60
Q

The origin of the debate about the best way to approach the study of communication was between social scientists, such as _____ and interpretivists, such as _____

A

Elocutionsists

Rhetoricians

61
Q

Scholars who promoted the study of mechanics of public speaking

A

Elocutionists

62
Q

Scholars who studied the art of public speaking and persuasion

A

Rhetoricians

63
Q

This approach focuses on the individual, or, less frequently, the dyad

A

Social science approach

64
Q

What is an assumption of the social science approach?

A

Behaviorism

65
Q

Social scientists researchers are interested in causality and study this by doing what?

A

Making initial hypothesis and testing those predictions

66
Q

The tests on the hypothesis in social science approach are done in what ways?

A

Naturalistic, a laboratory, surveys, focused interviews

67
Q

Once data is collected, social science researchers use what methods to analyze data

A

Quantitative methods

68
Q

Two areas of research in social science relational research focus on what and what

A

Demand-withdrawal and attachment

69
Q

Social scientist approach try’s to ____ communication patterns and this is a strength. A weakness of this is that?

A

Predict

- human communication is not always predictable outside the controlled setting

70
Q

This approach focuses on the individual in specific situations from the perspective of the communicator and looks at the uniqueness or creativity of human behavior in constructing individual realities, rather than the predictability of peoples’ actions

A

Interpretive approach

71
Q

Interpretive researchers use what methods and this approach is a type of what!

A

Qualitative methods

- content analysis

72
Q

Communication scholar Donal Carbaugh conducted studies in which he described the cultural communication patterns of various communities through what approach?

A

Interpretive approach

73
Q

This approach is interested in how societal forces, such as power and hierarchy, interact with individual forces with the goal of changing society for the better

A

Critical approach

74
Q

Which is the better approach?

A

TRICK QUESTION. none. Combo of all 3 is great tho

COMM 2O1 (18 decks)

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