Chapter 9

Question 1

a system of shared beliefs and values guiding behavior.

Answer 1

Organizational culture

Question 2

the culture is clear, well defined, performance driven, and widely shared by members.

Answer 2

Strong cultures

Question 3

the process through which new members learn the culture of an organization.

Answer 3

Socialization

Question 4

• Authority shared, distributed
• Teams and teamwork rule
• Collaboration, trust valued
• Emphasis on mutual support

Answer 4

Team Culture

Question 5

• Authority runs the system
• Traditions, roles clear
• Rules, hierarchy valued
• Emphasis on predictability

Answer 5

Hierarchial Culture

Question 6

• Authority goes with ideas
• Flexibility and creativity rule
• Change and growth valued
• Emphasis on entrepreneurship

Answer 6

Entrepreneurial Culture

Question 7

• Authority serves the goals
• Efficiency, productivity rule
• Planning, process valued
• Emphasis on modest change

Answer 7

Rational Culture

Question 8

what you see and hear when walking around an organization.

Answer 8

observable culture

Question 9

found in the underlying values of the organization.

Answer 9

core culture

Question 10

beliefs and values shared by organization members.

Answer 10

Core values

Question 11

actively develops, communicates, and enacts shared values.

Answer 11

Value-based management

Question 12

uses language and symbols and actions to establish and maintain a desired organizational culture.

Answer 12

symbolic leader

Question 13

involves practices that create meaning and shared community among organizational members.

Answer 13

Workplace spirituality

Question 14

• Meaningful purpose
• Trust and Respect
• Honesty and openness
• Personal growth and development
• Worker-friendly practices
• Ethics and social responsibility

Answer 14

Sample Values in Spiritual Organizational Cultures

Question 15

the process of taking a new idea and putting it into practice.

Answer 15

Innovation

Question 16

result in better ways of doing things.

Answer 16

Process innovations

Question 17

result in new or improved goods or services.

Answer 17

Product innovations

Question 18

result in ways for firms to make money.

Answer 18

Business model innovations

Question 19

reduces the carbon footprint of an organization or its products.

Answer 19

Green innovation or

sustainable innovation

Question 20

business innovation driven by a social conscience.

Answer 20

Social innovation

Question 21

pursues innovative ways to solve pressing social problems.

Answer 21

Social entrepreneurship

Question 22

the process of turning new ideas into salable products.

Answer 22

Commercializing innovation

Question 23

recognizes the potential for valuable innovations to be launched from lower organizational levels and diverse locations, including emerging markets.

Answer 23

Reverse innovation

Question 24

creates products or services that become so widely used that they largely replace prior practices and competitors.

Answer 24

Disruptive innovation

Question 25

special creative units set free from the normal structure for the purpose of innovation.

Answer 25

Skunkworks

Question 26

• Confident of ability
• Willing to take risks
• Seize opportunity
• Expect surprise
• Make things happen

Answer 26

Change leaders

Question 27

• Threatened by change
• Bothered by uncertainty
• Prefer predictability
• Support the status quo
• Wait for things to happen

Answer 27

Status quo managers

Question 28

results in a major and comprehensive redirection of the organization.

Answer 28

Transformational change

Question 29

bends and adjusts existing ways to improve performance.

Answer 29

Incremental change

Question 30

qthe phase during which a situation is prepared for change.

Answer 30

Unfreezing

Question 31

the phase where aplanned change actually takes place.

Answer 31

Changing

Question 32

the phase at which change is stabilized.

Answer 32

Refreezing

Question 33

makes continual adjustments as changes are being implemented.

Answer 33

Improvisational change

Question 34

pursues change through formal authority and/or the use of rewards or punishments.

Answer 34

force-coercion strategy

Question 35

pursues change through empirical data and rational argument.

Answer 35

rational persuasion strategy

Question 36

pursues change by participation in assessing change needs, values, and goals.

Answer 36

shared power strategy

Question 37

Fear of the unknown—not understanding what is happening or what comes next
Disrupted habits—feeling upset to see the end of the old ways of doing things
Loss of confidence—feeling incapable of performing well under the new ways of doing things
Loss of control—feeling that things are being done “to” you rather than “by” or “with” you
Poor timing—feeling overwhelmed by the situation or feeling that things are moving too fast
Work overload—not having the physical or psychic energy to commit to the change
Loss of face—feeling inadequate or humiliated because it appears that the old ways
weren’t good ways
Lack of purpose—not seeing a reason for the change and/or not understanding its benefits

Answer 37

Why People May Resist Change