Chapter 14 Flashcards
a collection of people who regularly interact to pursue common goals.
team
the process of people actively working together to accomplish common goals.
Teamwork
the creation of a whole greater than the sum of its individual parts.
Synergy
the tendency ofsome people to avoid responsibility by free-riding in groups.
Social loafing
How to Handle Social Loafing
- Reward individuals for contributions.
- Make individuals visible by keeping team size small.
- Encourage peer pressure to perform.
- Make task assignments more interesting.
officially recognized and supported by the organization.
formal team
unofficial and emerges from relationships and shared interests among members.
informal group
designated to work on a special task on a continuing basis.
committee
convened for a specific purpose and disbands after completing its task.
A project team or task force
operates with members who come from different functional units of an organization.
cross-functional team
meets on a regular basis to help achieve continuous improvement.
employee involvement team
a team of employees who meet periodically to discuss ways of improving work quality.
quality circle
work together and solve problems through computer-based interactions.
virtual team
have the authority to make decisions about how they share and complete their work.
Members of a self-managing team
achieves high levels of task performance, membership satisfaction, and future viability.
effective team
= Quality of Inputs + (Process Gains - Process Losses)
Team Effectiveness
Team Effectiveness
= Quality of Inputs + (Process Gains - Process Losses)
the mix of skills, experiences, backgrounds, and personalities of team members.
Team diversity
have members with similar personal characteristics.
Homogeneous teams
Input Foundations for Team Effectiveness
•Membership composition—diversity of skills,
experiences, backgrounds, personalities
•Nature of task—clear and defined versus openended and complex
•Organizational setting—information, resources, technology, space
•Team size—smaller versus larger, odd/even count
have members with diverse personal characteristics.
Heterogeneous teams
the way team members work together to accomplish tasks.
Team process
the ability of a team to perform well by using talent and emotional intelligence.
Team IQ
5 Stages of Team Development
- Forming—a stage of initial orientation and interpersonal testing
- Storming—a stage of conflict over tasks and working as a team
- Norming—a stage of consolidation around task and operating agendas
- Performing—a stage of teamwork and focused task performance
- Adjourning—a stage of task completion and disengagement
a stage of initial orientation and interpersonal testing
Forming
a stage of conflict over tasks and working as a team
Storming
a stage of consolidation around task and operating agendas
Norming
a stage of teamwork and focused task performance
Performing
a stage of task completion and disengagement
Adjourning
a behavior, rule, or standard expected to be followed by team members.
norm
defines the effort and performance contributions expected of team members.
performance norm
How Leaders Build Positive Team Norms
- Act as a positive role model.
- Reinforce the desired behaviors with rewards.
- Control results by performance reviews and regular feedback.
- Train and orient new members to adopt desired behaviors.
- Recruit and select new members who exhibit the desired behaviors.
- Hold regular meetings to discuss progress and ways of improving.
- Use team decision-making methods to reach agreement.
the degree to which members are attracted to and motivated to remain part of a team.
Cohesiveness
an action taken by a team member that directly contributes to the group’s performance purpose.
task activity
an action taken by a team member that supports the emotional life of the group.
maintenance activity
when any and all members contribute helpful task and maintenance activities to the team.
Distributed leadership
self-serving and cause problems for team effectiveness.
Disruptive behaviors
allows all members to communicate directly with one another.
decentralized communication network
communication flows only between individual members and a hub or center point.
centralized communication network
contest one anothers’ positions and restrict interactions with one another.
restricted communication network
involves activities to gather and analyze data on a team and make changes to increase its effectiveness.
Team building
the process of making choices among alternative courses of action.
Decision making
Keys to Consensus Decisions
• Don’t argue blindly; consider others’ reactions to
your points.
• Don’t change your mind just to reach quick
agreement.
• Avoid conflict reduction by voting, coin tossing,
bargaining.
• Keep everyone involved in the decision process.
• Allow disagreements to surface so that things can
be deliberated.
• Don’t focus on winning versus losing; seek
acceptable alternatives.
• Discuss assumptions, listen carefully, and
encourage inputs by all.
reached when all parties believe they have had their say and been listened to, and they agree to support the group’s final decision.
Consensus
a tendency for highly cohesive teams to lose their evaluative capabilities.
Groupthink
a disagreement over issues of substance and/or an emotional antagonism.
Conflict
involves disagreements over goals, resources, rewards, policies, procedures, and job assignments.
Substantive conflict
results from feelings of anger, distrust, dislike, fear, and resentment as well as from personality clashes.
Emotional conflict
pretends that a conflict doesn’t really exist.
Avoidance
plays down differences and highlights similarities to reduce conflict.
Accommodation, or smoothing,
uses force, superior skill, or domination to win a conflict.
Competition, or authoritative command
occurs when each party to the conflict gives up something of value to the other.
Compromise
involves working through conflict differences and solving problems so everyone wins.
Collaboration, or problem solving,
the removal of the substantive and/or emotional reasons for a conflict.
Conflict resolution
