Chapter 16

Question 1

describes race, gender, age, and other individual differences.

Answer 1

Diversity

Question 2

high turnover among minorities and women.

Answer 2

revolving door syndrome

Question 3

how open the organization is to anyone who can perform a job.

Answer 3

Inclusivity

Question 4

based on pluralism and operates with inclusivity and respect for diversity

Answer 4

A multicultural organization

Question 5

Characteristics of Multicultural Organizations

Answer 5

Pluralism—Members of minority and majority cultures influence key values and policies.
Structural integration—Minority-culture members are well represented at all levels and in all responsibilities.
Informal network integration—Mentoring and support groups assist career development of minority-culture members.
Absence of prejudice and discrimination—Training and task force activities support the goal of eliminating culture-group biases.
Minimum intergroup conflict—Members of minority and majority cultures avoid destructive conflicts.

Question 6

Members of minority and majority cultures influence key values and policies.

Answer 6

Pluralism

Question 7

Minority-culture members are well represented at all levels and in all responsibilities.

Answer 7

Structural integration

Question 8

Mentoring and support groups assist career development of minority-culture members.

Answer 8

Informal network integration

Question 9

Training and task force activities support the goal of eliminating culture-group biases.

Answer 9

Absence of prejudice and discrimination

Question 10

Minimum intergroup conflict

Answer 10

Members of minority and majority cultures avoid destructive conflicts.

Question 11

a hidden barrier to the advancement of women and minorities.

Answer 11

glass ceiling

Question 12

occurs when women leave careers because employers lack family-friendly policies and practices.

Answer 12

leaking pipeline problem

Question 13

when minority members adopt characteristics of majority cultures in order to succeed.

Answer 13

Biculturalism

Question 14

are groupings of people based on shared demographic and job identities.

Answer 14

Organizational subcultures

Question 15

the belief that one’s membership group or subculture is superior to all others.

Answer 15

Ethnocentrism

Question 16

form among people doing the same kinds of work.

Answer 16

Occupational subcultures

Question 17

form among people from the same races, language groupings, regions, and nations.

Answer 17

Ethnic or national subcultures

Question 18

the ability to work well in situations of cultural diversity.

Answer 18

Cultural intelligence

Question 19

form among people in similar age groups.

Answer 19

Generational subcultures

Question 20

building an inclusive work environment that allows everyone to reach his or her potential.

Answer 20

Managing diversity

Question 21

the confusion and discomfort that a person experiences when in an unfamiliar culture.

Answer 21

Culture shock

Question 22

the ability to adapt to new cultures and work well in situations of cultural diversity.

Answer 22

Cultural intelligence

Question 23

rely on nonverbal and situational cues as well as spoken or written words in communication.

Answer 23

High-context cultures

Question 24

emphasize communication via spoken or written words.

Answer 24

Low-context cultures

Question 25

people tend to do one thing at atime

Answer 25

monochronic cultures

Question 26

people accomplish many different things at once.

Answer 26

polychronic cultures

Question 27

the study of how people use interpersonal space.

Answer 27

Proxemics

Question 28

are rigid and clear, and members try to conform.

Answer 28

tight cultures social norms

Question 29

are mixed and ambiguous, and conformity varies.

Answer 29

loose cultures social norms

Question 30

the degree to which a society accepts unequal distribution of power.

Answer 30

Power distance

Question 31

the degree to which a society tolerates risk and uncertainty.

Answer 31

Uncertainty avoidance

Question 32

the degree to which a society emphasizes individuals and their self-interests.

Answer 32

Individualism-collectivism

Question 33

the degree to which a society values assertiveness and materialism.

Answer 33

Masculinity-femininity

Question 34

the degree to which a society emphasizes short-term or long-term goals.

Answer 34

Time orientation

Question 35

assumes that a generalized cultural value applies equally well to all members of the culture.

Answer 35

The ecological fallacy

Question 36

areskills and personal characteristics that help us be successful in cross-cultural situations.

Answer 36

Intercultural competencies