Chapter 8

Question 1

arranges people and resources to work toward a common goal.

Answer 1

Organizing

Question 2

a system of tasks, reporting relationships, and communication linkages.

Answer 2

Organization structure

Question 3

describes the arrangement of work positions within an organization.

Answer 3

organization chart

Question 4

means that people and groups perform different jobs.

Answer 4

division of labor

Question 5

the official structure of the organization.

Answer 5

Formal structure

Question 6

the network of unofficial relationships among an organization’s members.

Answer 6

informal structure or shadow organization

Question 7

identifies the informal structures and their embedded social relationships that are active in an organization.

Answer 7

Social network analysis

Question 8

the process of grouping together people and jobs into work units.

Answer 8

Departmentalization

Question 9

groups together people with similar skills who perform similar tasks.

Answer 9

functional structure

Question 10

Potential Advantages of Functional Structures

Answer 10

• Economies of scale make efficient use of human resources.
• Functional experts are good at solving technical problems.
• Training within functions promotes skill development.
• Career paths are available within each function.

Question 11

problem is a lack of communication and coordination across functions.

Answer 11

functional chimneys or functional silos

Question 12

groups together people working on the same product, in the same area, or with similar customers.

Answer 12

divisional structure

Question 13

groups together people and jobs working on a single product or service.

Answer 13

product structure

Question 14

brings together people and jobs performed in the same location.

Answer 14

geographical structure

Question 15

groups together people and jobs that serve the same customers or clients.

Answer 15

customer structure

Question 16

combines functional and divisional approaches to emphasize project or program teams.

Answer 16

matrix structure

Question 17

brings together members from different functional departments.

Answer 17

cross-functional team

Question 18

Potential Advantages of Matrix Structures

Answer 18

• Performance accountability rests with program,
product, or project managers.
• Better communication exists across functions.
• Teams solve problems at their levels.
• Top managers spend more time on strategy.

Question 19

uses permanent and temporary

cross-functional teams to improve lateral relations.

Answer 19

team structure

Question 20

Potential Advantages of Team Structures

Answer 20

• Team assignments improve communication,
cooperation, and decision making.
• Team members get to know each other as persons,
not just job titles.
• Team memberships boost morale and increase
enthusiasm and task involvement.

Question 21

uses IT to link with networks of outside suppliers and service contractors.

Answer 21

network structure

Question 22

Potential Advantages of Network Structures

Answer 22

• Lower costs due to fewer full-time employees.
• Better access to expertise through specialized
alliance partners and contractors.
• Easy to grow or shrink with market conditions.

Question 23

uses information technologies to operate as a shifting network of alliances.

Answer 23

virtual organization

Question 24

the process of configuring organizations to meet environmental challenges.

Answer 24

Organizational design

Question 25

the number of persons directly reporting to a manager.

Answer 25

Span of control

Question 26

Tall Structure

Answer 26

more levels; narrower spans of control

Question 27

Flat Structure

Answer 27

fewer levels; wider spans of control

Question 28

top management keeps the power to make most decisions.

Answer 28

centralization

Question 29

top management allows lower levels to help make many decisions.

Answer 29

decentralization

Question 30

the process of entrusting work to others.

Answer 30

Delegation

Question 31

Three steps of delegation

Answer 31

(1) Assign responsibility—explain tasks and expectations to others.
(2) Grant authority—allow others to act as needed to complete tasks.
(3) Create accountability—require others to report back on the completed tasks.

Question 32

gives people freedom to do their jobs as they think best.

Answer 32

Empowerment

Question 33

emphasizes formal authority, rules, order, fairness, and efficiency.

Answer 33

bureaucracy

Question 34

are bureaucratic, using a centralized and vertical structure.

Answer 34

Mechanistic designs

Question 35

are adaptive, using a decentralized and horizontal structure.

Answer 35

Organic designs

Question 36

allows a worker to complete a full-time job in less than five days.

Answer 36

compressed workweek

Question 37

gives employees some choice in daily work hours.

Answer 37

Flexible work hours

Question 38

involves using IT to work at home or outside the office.

Answer 38

Telecommuting

Question 39

a place where telecommuters share office space outside the home.

Answer 39

co-working center

Question 40

splits one job between two people.

Answer 40

Job sharing